JPS5816410B2 - Building construction method using L-type and 1-type precast concrete independent load-bearing walls - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention provides a method for constructing two relatively low-rise buildings such as detached houses and townhouses using industrial construction methods.
By minimizing the number of types of 0 versions, you can use them to adapt to any plan, make it easy to add to or remodel the upper floors and sides in the future, and do it reliably and without the need for advanced technology.
Wall-type precast reinforced concrete construction (hereinafter referred to as PC) is a wall-type precast reinforced concrete construction that can be constructed quickly and safely, and is easy to mass produce, store, transport, and construct due to the standardization and miniaturization of the 20th edition, and is easy to apply to any site conditions. This is a continuous room construction method.

Traditionally, when constructing a single-family home, etc., there are a wide variety of conditions such as site and regional conditions, individual requirements and preferences, family composition, financial resources, etc., and it is necessary to satisfy these as much as possible. In the prefabricated construction method according to the 20th edition, fireproofing and
Despite having the excellent advantages of reinforced concrete construction in terms of earthquake resistance and durability, it is difficult to adapt to these various conditions and is inevitably limited to a certain plan and design. Inevitable.

There is no problem when constructing a large number of lines at the same time in a large housing complex, but if you want to build just one house in a designated location each time in response to an individual's order, the large PC version has problems such as transportation and construction. In some cases, construction is difficult due to constraints such as roads and narrowness of the site, and the cost of temporary construction such as cranes is relatively high.

Furthermore, with precast concrete construction, even if residents want to extend their homes in the future as their families and financial resources increase, it is difficult to do so from a structural and construction standpoint.

Also, from a structural point of view, a typical wall-type precast concrete wall is a wide PC board with a width of more than one room, so-called room-sized wall board with openings for windows, doorways, etc. It is a large PC version with a complex shape such as a mouth or gate type, and reinforcement such as wall beams is driven into the upper part, so it is complicated and incompatible, and even in building buildings, the type is very different. If the plans or details change, a new PC version of a different type will have to be created.

In addition, since these PC wall panels must be rigidly connected to each other, it also requires considerable effort and expense to connect the vertical joints of the PC plates and the wall beams.

On the other hand, in low-rise PC construction, in order to reduce the weight of a single PC board, standardize types, and improve compatibility, small PC wall panels with narrow widths are divided and interconnected on site. Attempts have also been made to tighten the joints, but while this method has its advantages, the number of vertical structural joints increases significantly, making it labor-intensive and costly.

In the first place, in low-rise detached houses, most of the walls on the plane are designed as concrete structural walls.
There is too much extra margin than necessary in terms of strength, and there is a lot of waste,
This often leads to unfavorable structural results, such as increasing the weight of the building or creating an imbalance in the placement of seismic walls, and also restricts the freedom of planning and future expansion and renovation.

The present invention solves all of the above-mentioned drawbacks, is easily adaptable to various floor plans and conditions, has a simple structure by adopting independent load-bearing walls, has a large opening in the wall surface, and can be used in the future while residents live there. It was designed so that it could be expanded both above and to the side.

Examples will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the details of the examples, but also includes other forms derived from the above-mentioned concept.

1.1' is a load-bearing wall made of precast concrete, with a simple L-shape and one-shape shape as shown in the diagram, and its length l.
For example, the spacing between main bars (i.e. modules) is 90CIrL
The number of types will be reduced as much as possible by unifying them to 102 crrL, which is the sum of 12 cfrL and 12 cfrL wall thickness.

Main reinforcements 2, 2' are driven into the ends and corners of the load-bearing walls 1, 1'Q, and the joints are, for example, sleeve joints 2a as shown in the figure, and necessary auxiliary reinforcements 4, such as hoops that connect the main reinforcements, are installed. Bury it.

Furthermore, as shown in the figure, the load-bearing wall 1 on the first floor is also made of precast concrete, and the foundation beam directly below it is also integrally made of precast concrete. , drive in stirrups surrounding it.

The precast concrete floor panels and roof panels 5 are made into slabs with ribs 6 around the four circumferences as shown in the figure, to ensure uniformity and compatibility of dimensions by having a size appropriate for transportation and construction and a width that matches the module. Reduce thickness and weight.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail.

At the site, first, a reinforced concrete foundation footing 7 with the required size and strength is constructed, and after the concrete hardens, the first floor load-bearing wall 1 is placed in a predetermined position via mortar.

Next, attach the foundation tether beam main reinforcement 3 with threaded ends to the first,
As shown in Figure 3, screw the screw into the coupler 3a buried in the joint surface of the load-bearing wall, absorb the play of the screw with the jam nut 3b, wrap the stirrup and pour concrete for the foundation connecting beam 11, and complete the load-bearing wall. Rigidly connect each other.

On the other hand, the second-floor floor panel 5 is placed on the first-floor load-bearing wall 1 through mortar, and the gap between the upper end 2b of the main reinforcement 2 of the first-floor load-bearing wall 1 and the floor panel concrete hole, the joint between the floor panels, and the A portion of the kotsuta is filled with filling mortar 9, and the peripheral ribs 6 of the floor panels are tied together with bolts 10 to integrate the floor surface, but this work must be carried out in parallel with the foundation beam construction described above. Can be done.

In this way, the load-bearing wall 1 and the floor panel 5 are firmly connected to each other by the main reinforcement 2, and this completes the construction of the structure of the first floor of the continuous room. In this case, the non-load-bearing walls other than the load-bearing wall are constructed at the same time. It can also be installed later.

If the building is a one-story building, 5 will be the roof panel and this will complete the frame.

When building a second floor on top of this, install the second floor load-bearing wall 1' at a predetermined position on the floor panel rib directly above the first floor load-bearing wall with mortar, and install the sleeve installed at the lower end of the second floor load-bearing wall main reinforcement 2'. Insert the upper end 2b of the main reinforcement of the first floor load-bearing wall into the hole 2a,
The main reinforcing bars 2 and 2' of the first and second floor load-bearing walls 1 and 1' are firmly connected by press-fitting and filling the sleeve with high-strength expansion mortar or the like.

In other words, the main reinforcement position on the plane is aligned with the first floor load-bearing wall so that the second-floor load-bearing wall lies directly above the first-floor load-bearing wall,
Reinforcement arrangement, wall thickness, etc. may be any cross section required for the structure.

Also, a first floor load-bearing wall is required directly below the second floor load-bearing wall,
It is not necessary to provide a second-floor load-bearing wall on top of the first-floor load-bearing wall, and it is also possible to place a second-floor type 1 load-bearing wall on top of the first-floor L-shaped load-bearing wall.

If the third floor floor panel or roof panel is constructed in the same manner as the second floor panel, the second floor frame is completed and the same work can be repeated to build the third floor.

If you are building only the first floor for the time being and want to build a second floor on top of it in the future, you can build it by making the foundation and first floor frame structure strong enough to support a two-story building. This method allows the addition of a second floor at any time if necessary.

Next, the structure of the joint between the load-bearing wall and the floor panel will be explained in detail.

FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the case where floor panels are installed on both sides of the internal load-bearing wall, in which the peripheral ribs 6 of the left and right floor panels 5, 5 are placed on the first floor load-bearing wall 1 through mortar 8. 6 is placed so that it extends by % width of the load-bearing wall thickness, and the upper end 2b of the first-floor load-bearing wall main reinforcement is sandwiched from both sides.

Then, fill mortar 9, tightening bolts 10, etc. are installed as described above to construct the first floor body, and then the second floor load-bearing wall 1'
is built on the floor panel rib 6 directly above the load-bearing wall 1 on the first floor,
This involves constructing main reinforcement joints at the back of the story.

Figure 5 shows the details of an exterior wall with a floor panel attached only on one side.As shown in the figure, a seat 13 is provided outside the rib 6 of the floor panel that slightly protrudes from the exterior wall surface, and can also be used as a gutter if necessary. Place the protrusion 14 at the inner end of the eave block 12 on this and attach it with bolts 10.

When adding to the side, remove this eave block 12, place the protrusion 14' at the end of the rib 6' of the floor panel 5' on the extension side on the stool 13, and use the bolts 10 as shown in Figure 6. By tightening and filling the joints with filling mortar 9, it is possible to connect them together.

To extend the building upward, the load-bearing wall 1' on the upper floor can be built using the method described above.

With this method, you can freely extend only the upper floors or only the sides.

In some cases, it is also possible to use this precast concrete load-bearing wall in combination with conventional construction methods, such as using this precast concrete load-bearing wall to create a cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor slab, or combining the load-bearing wall with a steel frame or wooden sloped roof. Therefore, a wide range of uses can be considered.

Next, the structure structure and earthquake resistance mechanism of the present invention will be briefly explained.

In other words, the framework model is shown in Figure 7A, with independent load-bearing walls built apart from each other, and foundation beams, first-floor load-bearing walls,
As mentioned above, the mutual joints of the second floor floor panel, second floor load-bearing wall, and roof panel are connected together with the full cross-sectional strength of a reinforced concrete structure, and this alone constitutes the building frame and supports vertical loads, as well as earthquake resistance. In response to horizontal forces, the structure is such that each independent load-bearing wall that rises vertically from the foundation beam acts as a cantilever with its lower end fixed, and can absorb the entire earthquake load.

The bending stress when this frame receives an earthquake horizontal force is Np
This results in a simple and clear stress distribution like this.

According to the present invention, (a) the load-bearing walls are of only two simple shapes, L-shape and 1-shape, of a certain size, and it is possible to construct a house with almost any desired flat surface; .

(b) And since the load-bearing wall is small, lightweight, and sturdy,
It is suitable for mass production and storage, and there are few restrictions on transportation, construction, roads, or site, making it easy to build custom-built homes for individuals.

(c) It has a simple structure with no beams and no vertical structural joints, making it easy to make plates and construct the frame, and the load-bearing walls support vertical loads and are necessary and sufficient as earthquake-resistant walls. This is an inexpensive frame system that reliably provides the required strength, as it allows the wall to be placed in a well-balanced manner with respect to the center of gravity of the building.

2) As a prefabricated construction method, it can be adapted to any plan, and a single system can accommodate many different plan variations.

(e) It is possible to add to the upper floors and sides while residents live in the building, and it is also easy to remodel the existing parts.

(c) There is no on-site welding, and construction can be done easily, quickly, and reliably.

(G) Since there are no beams, the opening can be large and fill the entire ceiling, and lamps etc. can be installed freely.

(H) Since the material, shape, specifications, and design of the non-load-bearing wall portion can be chosen completely freely from a structural standpoint, it is easy to create a variety of tether designs.

(1 power) Initially, we start with a minimum number of types of plates, and depending on the region and conditions, it is possible to use materials that are easy to obtain and conventional construction methods for non-load-bearing walls, so we can reduce the initial capital investment and build up our track record. A method can be taken to gradually increase the industrialization rate as the value increases.

(n) From a structural perspective, all load-bearing walls are cantilevered with a fixed length and have exactly the same rigidity and strength, so all load-bearing walls are equally level when receiving an earthquake load. It is assumed that the stress and deformation increase uniformly by sharing the force, and that the yield point and the ultimate load are reached almost simultaneously.

Therefore, it becomes a preferable structure with a good balance between strength and rigidity.

Qo Also, for structural calculations, it is sufficient to solve each load-bearing wall individually as an independent load-bearing wall with the lower end fixed, and there is no need for complicated rigidity calculations, so the structural design is extremely simple, and the flow of force is simple and clear, making analysis and actual work easier. The stresses of are in good agreement.

(w) Since the 1st floor load-bearing wall and the foundation beam directly below it are made of integral precast concrete, there is no joint at the boundary between the 1st floor load-bearing wall and the top of the foundation beam, where the greatest stress occurs during an earthquake, and the structure is improved. Not only is it advantageous, but it is also advantageous from the perspective of manufacturing the PC version.

Complexity of joint hardware and reinforcing bars for load-bearing wall main reinforcement joints can be avoided, and the concrete filling property is good and it is easy to manufacture.

(Of course, during on-site construction, the foundation connecting beams and the upper part can be constructed at the same time, resulting in faster construction times and reasonable cost reductions.

(27) Also, regarding the construction of foundation beams, some of the most time-consuming corners are converted to PC, so only straight joints need to be constructed on site, greatly simplifying formwork construction, and Reinforcement arrangement is also easy by using simple and reliable threaded reinforcing bar joints for the main reinforcement.

(Y) By modularizing other standard dimensions, it is a construction method that allows the framework of various buildings to be completed with only L-shaped and 1-shaped load-bearing walls, and panels of only a few similar sizes that can be used commonly for floors and roofs. .

(S) Even from the perspective of building the frame, we have limited the load-bearing walls to only those areas that are structurally necessary and eliminated concrete walls in unnecessary areas, so the amount of concrete per unit floor area can be reduced, compared to the conventional Although the earthquake resistance was increased compared to the design, it was possible to reduce weight and cost.

It has many advantages such as.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the general construction method of the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the load-bearing wall, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the foundation beam joint, and Figures 4 to 6 are the load-bearing wall. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the joint state of the floor panel and the floor panel. Fig. 4 shows the case where the floor panel is received from both sides on the inner wall, Fig. 5 shows the case of the floor panel on one side of the external wall, and Fig. 6 shows the case where the floor panel is received from both sides in the future. Figure 7A shows the structure of the building frame, and Figure 7A shows the distribution of bending stress during an earthquake. 1.1'... Load-bearing wall, 2, 2'... Load-bearing wall main reinforcement, 2a... Joint sleeve, 2b...
... Upper end of the main reinforcement of the 1st floor load-bearing wall, 3 ... Main reinforcement of the foundation connecting beam, 3' ... The buried part of the main reinforcement of the foundation beam in the load-bearing wall, 3a ... Coupler, 3b. ... Jam nuts, 4 ... Auxiliary muscles such as hoops, 5.5
'...Floor panel or roof panel, 6,6'...
...Rib, 7...Basic footing, 8...
...Bed mortar, 9...Filled mortar, 1
0...Tightening bolt, 11...Foundation connecting beam, 12...Gutter and eaves block, 13...
...Stool, 14, 14'...Protrusion.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. L-type and type-1 independent load-bearing walls made of precast concrete, which have a certain wall tension and are built integrally with the foundation beam directly below, are installed on a reinforced concrete foundation footing to withstand vertical loads and seismic horizontal loads. They were built at a balanced distance from each other to support the load, and the foundation connecting beams were reinforced and concrete was poured to connect them to each other, and ribbed floor panels were placed on top of the load-bearing walls to connect each joint. The first floor of the building is constructed by construction, and then the first floor is constructed.
Build L-shaped and 1-type independent load-bearing walls on the second floor with the main reinforcements aligned with the first-floor load-bearing walls so as to sit directly on top of the first-floor load-bearing walls, stack ribbed floor panels or roof panels on top of them, and perform similar work. The feature is that the upper floor is constructed by repeating the above steps, and the sleeve joint provided at the lower end of the main reinforcement of the load-bearing wall on the upper floor and the seat provided on the outer surface of the ribs of the floor panel and roof panel around the outer wall are constructed by the joint. A continuous room construction method with L-shaped and 1-shaped precast concrete independent load-bearing walls, characterized by a series of frame systems that allow for easy extensions above and to the sides.