JPS5817666B2 - Hiyouhonseizouyouchiyouenshinbunriki - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an experimental apparatus used primarily for research in the field of biology, particularly an ultracentrifuge for preparing specimens.

The ultracentrifuge of the present invention can be used in molecular biology, biochemistry, virus biology, medicine and other scientific fields to research proteins, nucleic acids, isolate and concentrate viruses, and to concentrate substances with different densities in the liquid phase. It can be used in all other applications that require separation in a centrifuge.

In these types of studies, high-speed gas centrifuges are used for the separation of gaseous substances.

This centrifugal separator includes an exhaust housing containing a cylindrical thin-walled hollow rotor, and the rotor is driven by an electric motor disposed within the housing.

A magnetic suspension is provided to hold the rotor in a vertical position and is arranged above the rotor within the centrifuge housing.

The magnetic suspension system includes a cylindrical permanent magnet and an armature fixed to the upper cover of the rotor.

A flexible spindle is attached to the lower cover of the rotor, via which the rotor is supported on a hydraulic pump type stepped bearing mounted on a rotor support.

The electric motor is constructed with a butt-type stator and a disc-shaped armature mounted on the lower cover of the rotor.

A centrifuge is equipped with a plurality of tubes for supplying gas to the rotor and obtaining fractions.

A gas centrifuge works as follows.

An electric motor operating as an asynchronous device accelerates the rotor to the required speed and then maintains this speed constant.

Gas is supplied to the rotor through a tube, filling it and then rotating with it.

After the required centrifugation time, remove the fractions.

The rotor can be filled with gas and the fraction can be obtained continuously as the centrifuge operates.

From this point of view, no limitations are placed on the time required to accelerate the rotor to the required speed.

Nor does the centrifuge need to meet any special requirements regarding temperature conditions during this operation.

For these and several other reasons, the gas centrifuge cannot be used as a specimen preparation centrifuge simply by replacing its rotor.

This is because the design of the electric motor and magnetic suspension of the rotor in a gas centrifuge is primarily determined by the specific design features of the rotor.

The relatively low weight of the rotor allows the use of permanent magnets in the magnetic suspension system, with the flat surface of the permanent magnets placed above the cylindrical rotor, which allows for a given type of rotor even in the absence of a magnetic circuit. Can provide sufficient lifting force.

One of the conditions upon which the normal operation of the thin-walled rotor of a gas centrifuge depends is the presence of low mass bodies at the rotor end.

According to this condition, a butt type stator is used in the electric motor.

It is necessary that the armature be in the shape of a disc that can be attached directly to the rotor.

The rotors of specimen preparation centrifuges are heavier and have different inertia parameters.

Therefore, since there is no magnetic circuit in the rotor magnetic suspension of a gas centrifuge, it is not possible to obtain the necessary combination of vertical and horizontal stiffness of the magnetic coupling necessary for the dynamic stability of the specimen rotor and its reliable operation. It becomes impossible.

An increase in vertical stiffness is possible if the lifting force generated by the magnetic suspension is increased by moving the armature closer to the permanent magnets.

However, this makes it easier for the armature to stick to the magnet during operation, resulting in destruction.

In specimen preparation centrifuges, the time for accelerating and then braking the rotor is generally limited to less than 30 minutes.

The electric motors used in gas centrifuges have a relatively low torque and cannot accelerate the rotor to the required speed in such a short period of time.

The power of an electric motor cannot be increased simply by increasing its size.

The reason for this is that the attractive force of the disc-shaped armature on the stator increases, which causes an unacceptable overload on the rotor support.

an exhaust housing containing a rotor surrounded by a temperature-regulating shell and configured to receive a container with a specimen, the rotor being coaxial with and below the magnetic suspension and also having a rotor drive and a Specimen preparation ultracentrifuges arranged on a rotor support device are known.

The magnetic suspension of the specimen centrifuge is located outside the housing and includes a solenoid that holds the rotor in a vertical position, the solenoid being interconnected by a brass sheet cooled by a copper coil through which water flows. It consists of three parts separated into three parts.

Inside the Tsure 7 Noid, a core suspended from piano wire is installed.

The lower part of this core is located in an oil bath.

In known specimen preparation centrifuges, the conical upper end of the rotor is located within the magnetic field of the core.

The centrifuge includes an electronic servo device that maintains the rotor in a vertical position by regulating the current flowing through a solenoid.

The rotor is driven by an air turbine, the turbine drive being located outside the centrifuge housing.

Turbine rotation is imparted to the rotor by a flexible steel shaft that passes through a vacuum seal and a connecting stud that engages a slot formed in the bottom of the rotor.

When accelerating the rotor to the required speed, a specially provided lever releases the flexible shaft from the rotor.

A neorene washer attached to the connecting stud base keeps the centrifuge housing airtight as the connecting stud is lowered.

The centrifuge rotor rotates freely due to inertia when the pressure in the centrifuge housing is approximately 10'MHg.

The horizontal oscillation of the rotor, which often occurs during operation, causes the solenoid with its core to move.

Solenoid movement is damped within the oil bath.

The separation of liquid that occurs during the operation of a centrifuge is
・Monitoring can be done through the window installed in Uzing.

However, conventional configurations of specimen preparation ultracentrifuges have a number of drawbacks.

One of these disadvantages is that the rotor drive is located outside the centrifuge housing.

For this reason, it is necessary to provide a vacuum seal on the shaft.

Due to the need to disconnect the drive after acceleration of the rotor,
It is not possible to maintain the rotational speed of the rotor constant for long periods of time, thus limiting the experimental time.

Providing a vacuum seal on the rotating flexible shaft of the rotor reduces the reliability and operating life of the centrifuge.

The operating reliability of the electronic servo device, which serves for vertical stabilization of the rotor, is not sufficiently high.

Yet another disadvantage of conventional centrifuges is that the pressure within the centrifuge housing is maintained at approximately 1 O-6 yaHF;
It is necessary to allow the rotor to rotate for long periods of time due to inertia without significantly reducing its speed.

This requires special vacuum pumps and seals.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultracentrifuge for specimen production which can accelerate the rotor to a required speed within a relatively short time using a rotor 1 drive device and a magnetic suspension device for the rotor, and then maintain this speed for a sufficiently long time. Our goal is to provide separators.

In accordance with this objective, the specimen preparation ultracentrifuge of the present invention is constructed to house a container surrounded by a temperature-regulating shell and containing a specimen.

an exhaust housing containing a rotor, the rotor being disposed coaxially with and below the magnetic suspension;
In addition, in an ultracentrifuge for specimen production that is placed on a rotor drive device and a rotor support device, the rotor drive device is an electric motor, and the armature of the motor, which is formed in the shape of a sleeve, is fixedly supported by the rotor. , furthermore, the magnetic suspension device is disposed within the exhaust housing, and
It is characterized by comprising an annular permanent magnet having a magnetic circuit.

By placing the rotor drive device inside the centrifuge housing, vacuum sealing can be omitted.

A magnetic suspension system with a magnetic circuit provides the specimen rotor with a magnetic coupling of sufficient vertical stiffness, making it possible to vertically stabilize the rotor without using electronic servos.

Preferably, the armature of the electric motor is a double-walled sleeve, the inner wall being made of a ferromagnetic material and the outer wall being made of a non-magnetic electrically conductive material.

This allows high torque to be obtained with a relatively low weight armature.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stator of the electric motor is arranged in the exhaust housing of the centrifuge and is fixedly supported in the temperature regulating shell.

In a centrifuge with such an arrangement, the temperature regulating shell can be mounted at a minimum permissible distance from the rotor, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the required rotor temperature during operation.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a thermal insulator is interposed between and fixed to the armature of the electric motor and the centrifuge rotor, thereby transferring heat to the rotor during operation of the electric motor. prevent

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the magnetic circuit of the magnetic suspension is formed in the form of a bushing arranged coaxially with the magnet, and the support member adjoins the bushing at right angles to its axis, so that the bushing and the magnet a gap is created between the bushings and the bushing, such that the dimensions of this gap and the length of the bushing depend on the required lifting force generated by the magnetic suspension.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the rotor has a number of blades spaced equidistantly along its periphery and fixed to the rotor, each blade having a reservoir for receiving a cylindrical container containing the specimen. A slot radially disposed relative to the rotor is provided to which the container is mounted for rotation about a pin fixed perpendicular to the axis of the container.

Specimen rotors of this configuration are used in numerous experiments where the centrifuged specimens must be maintained in a rotating vessel to prevent mixing of the centrifuged specimens when the rotor is braked or stopped. Ru.

In a further embodiment of the invention, each rotor blade is made of an anisotropic material having a maximum strength in the radial direction of the rotor, said blade being fixed to a central part of the rotor.

This reduces the weight of the rotor and therefore the pressure that the rotor exerts on the stepped bearings mounted in the rotor support arrangement.

Preferably, the walls of the specimen container are such that the wall thickness increases uniformly towards the bottom and thus becomes uniformly strong.

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the ultracentrifuge for specimen production according to the present invention comprises a housing 1 having a vertically mounted rotor 2.
Equipped with

...The magnetic suspension device 3 fixedly supported within the maggot pufferfish 1 is arranged coaxially with and above the rotor 2.

Further, an electric motor 4 is disposed coaxially with the rotor 2 and below the rotor 2 within the maggot puffer fish 1.

The support spindle 5 of the rotor 2 is supported on a support device 6 mounted in the housing 1 .

A protective cylindrical member 7 is mounted within the housing 1 between the housing wall and the rotor 2, thereby preventing the risk of the housing 1 and the rotor 2 being destroyed during rotation.

A temperature-regulating thin-walled shell 8 is located between the protective cylindrical member 7 and the rotor 2 .

This shell 8 surrounds the rotor 2 and makes it possible to maintain the temperature of the rotor 2 at a predetermined temperature during operation of the centrifuge.

The temperature of the rotor is measured by a temperature pickup 9.

Attached to the outer surface of the shell 8 are coils 10 of a cooler evaporator (not shown).

An electric motor 4 that drives the rotor 2 is disposed within the maggot pufferfish 1 coaxially with the rotor 2 and below the rotor 2.

According to the present invention, the armature 11 of the electric motor 4 is connected to the rotor 2.
is fixed to.

The stator 12 of the electric motor 4 has a circular shape and is composed of a magnetic circuit formed by combining iron sheets and three-phase windings.

The stator 12 is housed within a cylindrical frame 13 and embedded within an epoxy compound.

The frame 13 is attached to the housing 1 by its flange 14.

A temperature regulating shell 8 is also fixed to the flange 14.

The housing 1 consists of a lower square plate 15, an upper square plate 16, and a cylinder 18, and the cylinder 18 is fastened and fixed by a tie rod 17 via a rubber vacuum seal 19 between the upper and lower plates.

The upper plate 16 of the housing 1 has an opening through which the rotor 2 and the magnetic suspension device 3 are installed in the Ujifugu 1.

A guide member 20 on the plate 16 presses down a cover 21 that closes the opening of the upper plate 16.

The cover 21 is mounted on three ball bearings (not shown) and can be moved laterally when opened.

A sleeve 22 fixed to the upper plate 16 is located in the housing 1, and a circular groove is provided on the inner surface of the sleeve 22. A split support ring 23 is fitted into this groove, and the support ring 23 is magnetically suspended. It is used to attach a flange 24 for mounting the device 3.

Select the required support ring according to the type of rotor 2.

A microswitch (not shown) is mounted on the bearing surface of each ring 23.

This microswitch is used to close the rotation control circuit of the rotor 2 included in the centrifugal separation control system.

Each circuit controlling the rotation of the rotor 2 is used to set the maximum speed of the rotor 2 according to the rotor type.

A cup 25 is attached to the triangular flange 24,
The bottom of the cup 25 has a circular protrusion provided in the hole and facing the inside of the cup 25 and used to correctly center the annular permanent magnet 26 mounted within the cup 25 of the magnetic suspension 3. is provided.

The permanent magnet 26 is magnetized in the axial direction of the magnet ring and is made of a material with high coercive force.

The upper side (in the drawing) of the annular magnet 26 adjoins a magnetic circuit 27 made of soft magnetic material.

The magnetic circuit 27 is a bushing having an adjacent support member facing the -L side of the magnet 26.

The bushing of the magnetic circuit 27 that fits into the hole of the magnet 26 is separated from the magnet by a gap, the size of the gap and the length of the bushing being selected inversely proportional to the required lifting force of the magnetic suspension 3. be done.

The magnetic circuit 27 is attached to the support member of the magnetic circuit 27 by the cup 2.
A hole for fixing with a screw 28 is provided in the circular protrusion 5.

A cylindrical member 29 with a through hole is screwed into the bushing of the magnetic circuit 27 and houses a thermistor 30 fixedly supported in a holder 31 mounted by screws 32 within this cylindrical member 29.

The conductor 33 of the thermistor 30 is housed in an insulating bushing 34 attached to a flange 24. This same flange 24 has a hole fitted with a cover 35.
This hole forms an entrance for manually operating the conductor 33 of the thermistor 30.

The thermistor 30 acts as a non-contact pickup that senses the temperature of the rotor 2.

The magnetic suspension 3 has an armature 36 in the form of a sleeve 1 made of ferromagnetic material, a part of which is connected to the annular magnet 2.
It is housed in hole 6.

In order to prevent the armature 36 from contacting the lower end (in the drawing) of the magnetic circuit 27, a non-magnetic ring 37 is mounted in a groove formed in the circular protrusion of the cup 25.

The material of the magnets 26 and their degree of magnetization, as well as the dimensions and mutual arrangement of the magnetic circuit 27 and the armature 36, are selected according to the type of rotor 2.

Since the armature 36 is fixedly supported on the rotor 2, the ring 3 is made of some kind of non-magnetic anti-friction material, for example Teflon.
8 is provided so that the armature 36 moves away from the cylindrical member 29 during rotation of the rotor 2.

The ring 38 is mounted in a recess formed in the lower end (in the drawings) of the cylindrical member 29 into which the washer 3 is fitted.
9 and a ring spring 40.

The magnetic suspension 3 is centrally located by a screw 41 having an axis perpendicular to the axis of the annular magnet 26.

The holes accommodating these screws 41 are arranged at equal intervals along the periphery of the flange 24.

In this example, three screws 41 are used.

After being centered, the magnetic suspension 3 is fixed to the flange 24 by screws 42.

The magnetic suspension device 3 is provided with a protective cover 43,
A handle 44 is attached to the flange 24 for mounting the magnetic suspension system 3 into the maggot puffer fish 1.

The rotor 2 is a heavy, unitary member with holes 45 for receiving test tubes containing specimens arranged equidistantly along the circumference of the rotor (see Figure 3). is inclined at an angle with respect to the axis of

This angle is selected to ensure gravity settling of the specimen in the test tube.

The rotor bore 45 is located under a common cover 46 provided with sealing rings 47 and 48.

The cover 46 is fastened to the rotor 2 with a special nut 49.

An axial hole provided in the upper part of the rotor 2 (in the drawings) partially accommodates a thermistor 30, which also passes through the hole in the nut 49 mentioned above.

The rotor 2 and cover 46 are manufactured from a high-strength aluminum alloy and have a black oxide coating on their surfaces.

The armature 36 of the magnetic suspension system 3 is firmly supported by the cover 46 of the rotor 2.

The armature 11 of the electric motor 4 is located at the bottom of the rotor 2 (in the drawing)
It is firmly supported.

According to the invention, the armature 11 is formed in the form of a double-walled sleeve, the inner wall 50 of a ferromagnetic material, for example steel, and the outer wall 51 of a non-magnetic electrically conductive material, for example an aluminum alloy.

The thermal insulator 52 interposed between the armature 11 and the rotor 2 is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, for example glass fiber reinforced plastic, and is provided with metal strips 53 and 54 above and below.

The underside of the rotor 2 is provided with a cylindrical axial hole into which a mandrel 55 with a hole is press-fitted, and into which the flexible support spindle of the centrifugation rotor 2 is fitted. 56 is press-fitted.

The flexible support spindle 56 (FIG. 4) has a rounded conical end.

The armature 11 and the thermal insulator 52 are attached to the rotor 2 at the flange 5.
7 and bolts 58.

A further thermal insulator 59 is interposed between the flange 57 and the armature 11.

The flange 57 has a cylindrical projection 60 adjacent to the flange hole.
This cylindrical projection 60 serves to limit the rocking of the rotor 2 during rotation of the rotor 2 and to hold the rotor 2 in a vertical position when the rotor 2 becomes unstable.

The cylindrical projection 60 is housed in a hole in a limiting disk 61 mounted on the rotor support device 6 .

The rotor support device 6 consists of a fixing sleeve 62 (see FIG. 5) fixed to the lower plate 15 of the centrifuge housing 1.

Mounted on the upper side of the sleeve 62 (in the drawing) is a handwriting disc 61 and a speedometer generator 63 used to measure the speed of the rotor 2.

A movable sleeve 64 is housed within the sleeve 62 of the support device 6 and is mounted so as to be movable along the vertical axis of the support device 6 .

The sleeve 64 has a flange 65 integral therewith, which serves to limit movement of the sleeve,
On the other hand, the sleeve 62 has a recess that abuts the flange 65.

The sleeve 62 is connected to a movable sleeve 64 by an elastic strip 66, one end of which is tightened by a bolt 68 between the lower abutting end (in the drawing) of the sleeve 62 and a flange 67, and the other end is tightened between the lower abutting end of the sleeve 64 and the washer 69.

This washer 69 is located on a bottom member provided at the bottom of the sleeve 64 and is fixed thereto by a nut 70.

The strip 66 is in close contact with a limiting disk 71 , the end of which is clamped together with the strip 66 between the abutting end of the sleeve 62 and the flange 67 .

The limiting disc 71 serves to prevent the strip 66 from being sucked into the interior of the sleeve 62 of the support member when the centrifuge housing 1 is evacuated.

The dimensions and stiffness of the strips 66 are selected according to the weight of the rotor 2.

Sleeve 72 is mounted on top of sleeve 64 (in the drawings) with its bottom facing upward.

A bushing 73 is formed integrally with the sleeve with a center hole drilled in the bottom of the sleeve 72, and a mandrel 74 having a stepped bearing 75 is press-fitted into the bushing hole near the middle along the height of the bushing. There is.

The stepped bearing 75 is made of a wear-resistant material and has a central spherical hole in which the tip of the flexible support spindle 56 is received.

The end of the pillar 76 is inserted into the hole of the bush 73 from below and Q
Ru.

This post 76 is formed in the shape of a stepped cylinder, the shoulder of which abuts the lower end (in the drawing) of the bush 73.

A needle 77 is fixed at the center of the lower abutting end of the post 76.

To center the stepped bearing 75, a cylindrical insert 78 with a center hole is mounted at the upper end within the hole of the bushing 73.

The diameter of the hole in the insert is slightly larger than the diameter of the flexible spindle 56.

Taper the top of the hole in the insert 78 and insert it into the rotor 2.
so that the flexible spindle 56 can be guided correctly when installing the.

Connected to the outside of the insert 78 are springs 79 arranged radially at equal intervals along the circumference, the free ends of the springs 79 being fixed to a ring 80 attached to the upper side of the sleeve 64 by screws 81. ing.

A pressure pickup 82 mounted within a case 83 is located at the bottom of the sleeve 64 (in the drawings).

Pressure pickup 82 is freely mounted within case 64 and secured by ring 84.

It is a cylinder.

Coils 85 each wound around a mold 86 are arranged one above the other inside the case 83.

The core 87 of each coil 85 is made of soft magnetic material.

Each core 87 is provided with a support disk, and this support disk is formed on the inner surface of the case 83.

Therefore, one support disk fits into the groove of the L part coil 8.
5 and the other support disk is adjacent to the lower end of the lower coil 85 .

Holes are formed in the two cores 87 along their axes, and a bar 88 passes through the holes.

This bar 88 terminates in an integrally formed toe 89 on which the needle 77 of the post 76 rests.

A diaphragm 90 is located below the toe 89 and is in close contact with the toe, the edge of which is tightened between a support disk of the core 87 of the upper coil 85 and a washer 91. It is installed in the groove formed in the
It is tightened by a washer 92 installed inside the case 83.

The ends of the bars 88 pass through holes formed in a similar lower diaphragm 90, which adjoins the support disk of the core 87 of the lower coil 85 from below and is fixed in a similar manner to the upper diaphragm 90. ing.

Further, a ferromagnetic disk 93 is fixed to the bar 88 at both ends thereof at the center.

This disk 93 is fixed by a spacer bushing 94 attached to the bar 88.

The upper diaphragm 90 is clamped between one spacer bushing 94 and the toe 89, and the lower diaphragm 90 is clamped between the second spacer bushing 94 and a washer 95 having a nut 96 mounted on the lower free end of the bar 88. It is being

A ferromagnetic disk 93 is attached to the bar 88, and this disk 93 and each core 8
It is mounted so that a gap ``δ'' is obtained between the end portion 7 and the end portion 7.

The size of this gap δ is selected according to the pressure applied to the stepped bearing 75 by the rotor 2.

The leads of the coil 85 pass through holes formed in the walls of the sleeves 62 and 64 of the support device 6.

In addition, there is a vacuum seal 9 for the lead wire in the hole of the sleeve 62.
7 is provided.

The lead wire of the speedometer generator 63 is also passed through the same hole in the sleeve 62.

The space within the sleeve 64 above the upper diaphragm 90 is filled with oil to a level slightly on the -F side relative to the stepped bearing 75.

This oil provides a lubricating effect on the friction surfaces of the flexible spindle 56 and the stepped bearing 75, and acts to damp the swinging of the rotor 2 during operation of the centrifuge.

In one embodiment of the invention, the rotor 2 has a plurality of blades 98 spaced equidistantly along its circumference and in this example integrally formed with the rotor (FIG. 6).

Each blade 98 has a radial slot 99 for receiving a container 100 containing a specimen.

The container 100 is mounted within the slot 99 of the blade 98 for rotation about a resilient axis 101;
One end of the elastic shaft 101 is press-fitted into a bushing 102 fitted into a hole in the blade 98, and the other end is fitted into the container 100.
It is housed in a slot formed in a boss 103 in the wall of the.

In this way, the bushing 102 having the axis 101 located along a straight line perpendicular to the axis of the container 100
Form an elastic suspension system for 0.

A boss 103 provided on the wall of the container 100 is located above the center of gravity of the container 100.

The rotor 2 having such a configuration is preferably used when it is necessary to prevent centrifuged samples from being mixed when the rotor 2 is braked to stop.

FIG. 8 shows a rotor 2 having blades 104 made of an anisotropic material, in this example glass fiber reinforced plastic.

This reinforced plastic has its greatest strength in the radial direction of the rotor 2.

A blade 104 of such construction is manufactured by winding multiple layers of continuous glass thread onto a mandrel having a shape that matches the shape of the slot in the blade 104.

The glass threads are held together with epoxy glue.

This blade 104 was mounted on a protrusion 106 formed in a central portion 105 of the rotor 2, and was fixed by screwing a screw 108 into a hole in the protrusion 106.

It is fixed to the rotor 2 by a cover 107 (the eighth
and Figure 9).

The elastic suspension system for container 100 is constructed in the same manner as described above.

To attach the resilient suspension of the container 100, the blade 104 has a metal clamp 109 with a hole in which the bushing 102 fits.

This clamp 109 extends along the length of the blade 104 to the middle and surrounds the protrusion 106.

At the end of the blade 104 is an insert 110.

The insert 110 acts as a support member for supporting the container 100 during rotation of the rotor 2.

The structure of the specimen container 100 is such that the wall thickness increases uniformly towards the bottom, ensuring the required strength of the container 100 and reducing weight.

In one embodiment of the invention, the armature 36 of the magnetic suspension 3, the armature 11 of the electric motor 4 and the support spindle 56 are all attached to the rotor 2 in a manner similar to that described above.

Before starting operation, the rotor 2 is installed in the centrifuge housing 1 together with the container 100 containing the specimen and the cover 46.

The flexible spindle 56 of the rotor 2 is supported on a stepped bearing 75, and the weight of the rotor 2 is transferred from the stepped bearing T5 to the mantle 4.
Then the post 76 is transferred to the press-fit bushing 73.

The weight of the rotor 2 from the column 76 is then transferred via the needle 77 to the toe 89 and the bar 88.

The weight of the rotor 2 thus transmitted is further applied to the diaphragm 90 from the toe 89 and the bar 88, and then passes through the core 87 of the coil 85 to the pressure surprise 8.
2, and from there to the movable sleeve 64 of the support member 6.

As a result of the action brought about by the weight of the rotor 2, the sleeve 64 descends and the rotor 2 comes into contact with the horizontal surface of the limiting disk 61.

As the movable sleeve 64 descends, the elastic attenuation 66 bends.

The stiffness of this strip 66 is selected appropriately so that the pressure exerted on the stepped bearing 75 when the strip 66 bends does not exceed a predetermined value, in this example IKy.

After installing the rotor 2, attach the magnetic suspension device 3 to the flange 24.
and... mounted in the clamp 1 and fixed in the sleeve 22 at a specific level corresponding to the type of rotor 2.

At this level, the ring 23 attached to the wall of the sleeve 22
can be adjusted by selecting.

Next, the cover 21 of the clamp 1 is moved along the guide member 20 to close the cover of the housing.

Next, the exhaust system is activated to evacuate the space inside the centrifuge/clamp 1 to a pressure of approximately 10-3 to 10' mHg.

At this time, the cover 21 is pressed against the upper plate 16 of the clamp 1 by the atmosphere.

...At the same time as Clamp 1 is exhausted, the temperature control device is activated.

This temperature regulating device includes a temperature regulating shell 8 surrounding the rotor 2.

During operation of the centrifuge, air exhaust and temperature control devices are operated continuously... to maintain the required pressure and temperature within the clamp 1.

When the pressure in the housing 1 decreases, the elastic strip 66 and the atmospheric pressure exerted on the abutting ends of the movable sleeve 64 of the support device 6 cause the movable sleeve 64 to rise, causing the sleeve 6 to rise.
The flange 65 of 4 abuts a recess provided in the inner surface of the sleeve 62 of the support device 6 .

At this point the rotor 2 also rises, so that the rotor 2 is supported only by the flexible spindle 56 which is supported on the stepped bearing 75.

When the rotor 2 rises, the armature 36 of the magnetic suspension 3 fixed to the rotor approaches the lower side of the magnetic circuit 27.

When the rotor 2 stops, the armature 36 and the magnetic circuit 27 are still separated by a certain gap, the size of which is such that the magnetic suspension 3 with the permanent magnets 26
The pressure applied to the stepped bearing 75 by the supporting spindle 56 is of a magnitude that generates a lifting force such that the pressure is approximately one glaze.

The size of the gap between magnetic circuit 27 and armature 36 also determines the horizontal stiffness of the magnetic coupling between these members.

The thermistor 30 is mounted together with the magnetic suspension device 3,
One end of the thermistor 30 is inserted into a hole in the rotor 2.

The thermistor 30 is used to continuously and non-contactly measure the temperature of the rotor 2, and also serves to automatically control the temperature regulator.

The desired thinning is achieved within the housing 1 and the rotor 2
When the desired temperature is obtained, the electric motor 4 of the centrifuge is started.

The electric motor 4 is connected to a power source that provides an AC voltage of adjustable frequency.

A rotating magnetic field is formed by the windings of the stator 12, and the armature 11 of the electric motor 4 fixed to the lower part of the rotor 2 is placed within this magnetic field.

The interaction between the magnetic field of the stator 12 and the armature 11 generates torque, which rotates the armature 11 and the rotor 2 connected to the armature.

During the rotation of the armature 11, the inner wall 50 of magnetic material acts as a magnetic circuit for the electric motor 4 and creates a hysteresis moment.

On the other hand, eddy current is generated in the outer wall 51 made of a non-magnetic conductive material, for example, an aluminum alloy.

The interaction of the eddy currents with the magnetic field of stator 12 results in asynchronous torque.

The magnitude of this asynchronous torque is determined by the time required to accelerate the centrifuge rotor 2 to the required speed.

The geometric dimensions of the armature 11, the thickness of its double wall and the material of the can wall are selected according to the required magnitude of the asynchronous torque, with appropriate consideration of the armature strength.

Since the armature 11 is designed as a sleeve, the weight of the armature can be reduced and thus the centrifugation rotor 2
can promote dynamic stability.

If the armature 11 is shaped in this way, the pressure exerted on the support device 6 by the suction cuff on the stator 12 will not be increased.

Based on the fact that the magnitude of the asynchronous torque is several times larger than the hysteresis moment, the armature 11 together with the rotor 2 can be operated within a relatively short time, for example in 20-25 minutes, from 30,000 to 75.00
It can be accelerated to a speed of Of$lIn.

When starting the electric motor 4, the frequency of the supplied current is adjusted appropriately so that the difference between the speed of the magnetic field of the stator 12 and the speed of the armature 11 of the electric motor 4 is constant.

This difference is made high enough, such as 25-50 Hz, to provide the required asynchronous torque, yet the amount of heat generated by the armature 11 during operation of the electric motor 4 is relatively small.

When the speed of the motor 2 reaches the required value, the rotational speed of the armature 11 becomes equal to the speed at which the magnetic field of the stator 12 rotates;
The hysteresis moment generated by the interaction between the ferromagnetic material of the inner wall of the armature 11 and the magnetic field of the stator 12 remains constant throughout the operation of the centrifuge.

In the centrifugal separation operation in this state, the power consumed to rotate the rotor 2 is as low as 3 to 5 W, so the current supplied to the stator 12 of the electric motor 4 is reduced to a fraction of the conventional value.

The required speed of the rotor 2 is kept constant by stabilizing the frequency of the supplied current.

The speed of the rotor 2 is continuously measured by an induction speedometer generator 63 mounted on a movable sleeve 64 of the support device 6.

The inductor of the generator 63 is the head of the bolt 58 passing above it.

The rotor 2 is capable of continuous rotation for many thousands of hours.

The oscillations of the rotor 2 that appear during acceleration at a critical frequency of the rotor and that occur due to the attraction of the armature 11 to the stator 12 or for any other reason may be prevented by the flexible support spindle 56 and the stepped It is transmitted to the sleeve 72 via the bearing 75 and damped in the oil bath in which this sleeve is located.

The tension of the central female spring 79 is selected such that, after the oscillation has decayed, this spring 79 returns the insert 78, the stepped bearing 75, and the sleeve 72 connected to the insert 78 to their initial central position. .

The oscillation amplitude of the rotor 2 caused by relatively strong accidental disturbances is limited in such a case by the ring 33 in contact with the armature 36 of the magnetic suspension 3 and the bush 60 accommodated in a hole in the disk 61. .

The pressure exerted on the stepped bearing by support spindle 56 during operation of the centrifuge is continuously sensed by pressure jump-up 82.

The operation of the pickup 82 is as follows.

The pressure exerted by the spindle 56 on the stepped bearing 75 is applied to the diaphragm 9 through the column 76, the needle 77 and the toe 89.
0 and is coupled to the ferromagnetic disk 93 and transmitted to the bar 88.

As a result, the diaphragm 90 bends and the bar 88 is
3 and moves up and down according to fluctuations in the pressure applied to the stepped bearing 75, thereby changing the gap "δ" between the ferromagnetic disk 93 and the core 87 of the coil 85.

This results in a change in the inductive reactance of the coil, which is measured by the measuring device.

By measuring the pressure on the stepped bearing 75, it is possible to check the correctness of the centrifuge during initial assembly and operation.

In the case of the rotor 2 shown in FIG. 6, this rotor can also be mounted in a centrifuge and accelerated in a manner similar to that described above.

When the rotor 2 is installed in a centrifuge, the container 100, which is installed in the slot 99 of the blade 98 of the rotor 2 and held by the shaft 101, assumes a vertical position.

While accelerating the rotor 2, the container 100 gradually moves out of the vertical position and rotates around the axis 101 to assume a horizontal position.

As the speed of the rotor 2 is further increased, the container 100
overcomes the elastic energy of shaft 101 and its bottom abuts against the base of slot 99 of blade 98 and remains in this position for the duration of centrifuge operation.

In the case of the rotor 2 having the blades 104 shown in FIG.
After the container 100 is in a horizontal position, the insert 11 installed in the base of the slot 990 of the blade 104 is inserted into the bottom of the container 100.
Abuts against 0.

When braking the loader 2, the current in the stator 12 is increased to its initial value.

The frequency of the supplied current is such that the difference between the number of rotations of the magnetic field of the stator 12 and the number of rotations of the armature 11 of the electric motor 4 is constant and 25
While remaining equal to ˜50 Hz, it is gradually reduced to, for example, 100 Hz.

In order to completely stop the rotor 2, move the stator 12 to D.
Connect to C power supply.

During braking, as well as during starting, the electric motor 4 acts as an asynchronous device.

Even after the rotor 2 has come to a complete stop, the magnetic device 3 assumes the same position as during the centrifugation operation.

To remove the rotor 2 from the housing 1... air is introduced into the housing to equalize the pressure with atmospheric air and the temperature control device is stopped.

When the pressure inside the centrifugal separator 1 increases, the movable sleeve 64 of the support device 6 lowers while stretching the elastic strips 66, and the rotor 2 comes to rest on the limiting disk 61.

After this, the cover 21 is moved laterally along the guide member 20, the flange 24 is taken out together with the magnetic suspension device 3, and the rotor 2 is taken out.

In the case of the rotor 2 shown in FIGS. 6 and 9, the shaft 10
1 gradually straightens while moving the bottom of the container 100 away from the base of the slot 99 of the blade 98 or 104, after which the container 100 gradually returns to the vertical position.

The centrifuge is thus stopped and the rotor 2 is extracted from the centrifuge in the same manner as described above.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a vertical cross section in the axial direction of an ultracentrifuge for specimen production according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a magnetic suspension device of the rotor; Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing the centrifugation rotor. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing the rotor support spindle together with the armature of the magnetic suspension system and the electric motor armature; FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing the rotor support device;
The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the rotor, especially the container housing blade part; Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the blade part as seen in the direction of line ■-■ in Figure 6; Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the rotor FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the blade portion taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 8. FIG. 1...Centrifuge...Using, 2...
・Rotor, 13...Magnetic suspension system, 4...
...Electric motor, 5...Rotor support spindle, 6...Rotor support device, 7...Protection cylindrical member, 8...Temperature adjustment shell , 9...
...temperature pickup, 10...coil,
11... Armature of electric motor, 12...
・Stator, 13... Stator frame. 14... Flange, 15... Lower plate, 16.
...Top plate, 17...Stay rod, 18...
...Cylinder, 19...Vacuum seal, 20
...Guide member, 21 ... Centrifugal separation housing cover, 22 ... Sleeve, 23 ...
... Support ring, 24 ... Flange, 25.
...Cup, 26 ... Curved permanent magnet, 27 Magnetic circuit, 28 ... Screw, 29 ... Cylindrical member, 30 ... Thermistor, 31 ... Curved thermistor holding member, 32... Screw, 33... Curved thermistor conductor, 34... Insulating bushing, 35/-...
...Efficacy bar, 36... Armature of magnetic suspension system,
37...Kunnong, 38...Anti-friction ring,
39...Washer, 4o...Bend, 41.4
2...screw, 43...protective cover, 4
4...Bundle, 45...Rotor hole, 46...Cover, 47.48...Sealing ring, 49.Track/Nut, 50... ... Inner wall made of ferromagnetic material, 51 ... Outer wall made of non-magnetic conductive material,
52...Interthermal insulator, 53゜54...Strip, 5
5...mandrel, 56...flexible support spin)"#, 57...flange, 58...
...Volt, 59...Thermal insulator, 60...
...Cylindrical protrusion, 61...Limited disc, 6
2... Fixed sleeve, 63... Speedometer generator, 64... Movable sleeve, 65...
...7 lunges, 66...elastic stripes, 67...
...Flange, 68...Bolt, 69...
...Washer, 70...Natsuto, 71...
...Limited disc, 72...Sleeve, 73...
...button, 74...stepped bearing mandrel, 75...stepped bearing, 76-00.・・Pillar,
77... Needle, 78... Song insert 79...
...Spring, 80...Ring, 81...
Screw, 82...Pressure surprise, 83...
...Case, 84...Ring, 85...
...Coil, 86...Coil type, 87...
...Coil core, 88...Bar 89...
・Toe, 90...Diaphragm, 9L92...
...Washer, 93...Ferromagnetic disk, 94
...Bushing, 95...Washer,
96... Nut, 97... Vacuum seal, 98... Rotor blade, 99...
... Blade slot, 100 ... Specimen container, 101 ... Shaft, 102 ... Bush, 103 ... Boss, 104 ... Blade, 105... Center part of rotor, 106...
...Blade installation is by protrusion, 10γ...cover, 108...screw, 109...clamp, 110...insert.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An exhaust housing 1 having an upper opening closed by an openable/closable cover, configured to accommodate a container containing a specimen, having a support spindle 5 at the bottom, and removably housed in the housing. A rotor 2 and a temperature regulating shell 8 provided in the housing and surrounding the rotor.
and the lower position of the rotor in the housing ζCe/>T/・
A rotor support device 6 comprising a movable sleeve 64 vertically movably attached to the housing via an elastic member, and a bearing 75 attached to the movable sleeve via a pressure pickup 82 to support the spindle of the rotor.
, an inner wall 50 of ferromagnetic material and an outer wall 51 of non-magnetic conductive material.
2, which is fixed to the lower part of the rotor via a thermal insulator.
a rotor drive motor 4 comprising a heavy-walled sleeve-shaped armature 11 and a stator 12 fixed to the temperature regulating shell and surrounding the armature, and arranged coaxially with the rotor at a position below the rotor in the housing; Consisting of a sleeve-shaped armature 36 of ferromagnetic material fixed to the upper part of the rotor and a permanent magnet 26 fixed to the housing and provided with an annular magnetic circuit 27, arranged coaxially with the rotor at a position above the rotor in said housing. An ultracentrifuge for specimen production, comprising a magnetic suspension device 3.