JPS5820313B2 - Method of crushing rocks or ores, etc. - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for crushing lumps such as rocks or ores, and in particular to a crushing method using a show crusher or a cone crusher to obtain crushed products with a product size of 1'3 mm or less. This paper relates to a new crushing method in a machine.

Conventionally, rocks, ores, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as rocks, etc.)

crushers such as show crushers or cone crushers (hereinafter simply referred to as crushers).

), the gap between the outlet openings of the crusher (the outlet gap here means the minimum gap between the outlet openings formed during rocking motion or eccentric rotational motion).

) shall be set approximately equal to or smaller than the dimensions of the crushed product.

On the other hand, the capacity of a crusher is the amount of crushing per unit time, in other words, the amount of rocks, etc. that passes through the crusher per unit time, which is determined by the outlet gap in the crusher, the amount of motion deviation, the shape of the crushing chamber, the rotation speed, etc. The so-called simple amount of passage through the crusher,
It is defined by the amount of products of desired size in the shredded products that have been shredded, the so-called product yield.

By the way, during crushing, various efforts have been made to make the aforementioned outlet gap smaller than the size of the crushed product and to bring the ratio of product production to the amount of rocks etc. passing through the crusher as close to 10% as possible.

However, when trying to increase the ratio of product production, it is necessary to reduce the outlet gap, and as a reaction, the amount passing through the crusher inevitably decreases, resulting in a decrease in product production. become.

For example, to explain a cone crusher as an example, there is a conical cylindrical cone cape 1 as a fixed body, and a mantle 2 as a crushing body that makes an eccentric rotation movement inside the cone cape.
During the process of falling through the crushing chamber 3, the rocks, etc. supplied to the crushing chamber 3, which is defined by When crushed to a particle size or size approximately equal to the gap C of the regulated outlet opening 4, it is discharged from the outlet opening 4 to the outside of the machine.

The rocks etc. obtained in this way are sorted into products with the desired product size and particle size, and other products, but as mentioned above, if the outlet opening j is made smaller in order to increase the product ratio, Although the ratio of product production to quantity increases, on the other hand, the amount passing through the crusher decreases, resulting in a decrease in product production.

For this reason, in the past, with the intention of increasing product production, the crushing chamber 3 of the crusher, especially the vicinity of the outlet opening 4, is formed into a nearly parallel crushing chamber, and the flow rate of rocks, etc. in that part is accelerated. It has been proposed to increase the falling speed of rocks, etc. in the crushing chamber 3 and increase the number of times of compression to increase the amount of material passing through the crusher, thereby increasing the product production. It was not possible to dramatically increase production.

For these reasons, when trying to obtain crushed products with fine product dimensions or particle size, the crushing capacity will be significantly reduced, and this cannot be solved simply by increasing the size of the crusher. , especially rocks containing moisture, etc.
Or sticky.

However, when crushing rocks, etc., there is a drawback that an extreme drop in efficiency is unavoidable.

In view of the drawbacks of the conventional crushing methods mentioned above, the present inventors conducted various experimental studies on the crushing state of rocks, etc. in crushers, in other words, the crushing mechanism.

As a result, even when the exit gap is enlarged to increase the amount of rocks, etc. that pass through the crusher, the compression work on the rocks, etc. is reduced in order to apply an effective compressive load sufficient for crushing the rocks, etc. in the crushing chamber. It was discovered that by applying it to the spout plate or revolving body of a machine, not only could the product production volume be dramatically increased, but the shape of the resulting crushed products would also be close to a cubic shape.

The present invention has been made based on this knowledge, and specifically, while supplying the object to be crushed into a crushing chamber formed between a fixed body and a crushing moving body, the object to be crushed is periodically crushed by the movement of the crushing body. In a crushing method using a crusher such as a show crusher that applies a compressive load or a rotary crusher, the outlet gap of the crusher is set to 0.025 of the length of the crushing chamber of the crushing moving body in the case of a show crusher. In the range of ~0.05,
In addition, for rotary type crushers, 0.05 to 0.05 of the diameter of the crushing body
0.03, and the motion deviation of the crushing moving body in the crusher is set within the range of 0.05 to 0.1 of the crushing chamber length for show crushers, and for rotating type crushers. The diameter of the crushing moving body is set to 0.03 to 0.06, and the material to be crushed is continuously supplied to the crushing chamber so that the material is in a compacted state. shall be.

Hereinafter, the crushing mechanism of the present invention will be explained based on the embodiment of the cone crusher shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, but the basic shape and structure of the cone crusher 10 are the same as those of the conventional one. The details are omitted.

The cone crusher 10 includes a cone cape 11 as a conical cylindrical fixed body, and a mantle as a crushing moving body driven by an appropriate drive source that makes an eccentric rotation movement around the central axis of the cone cape inside the cone cape 11. 12 are provided.

Rocks and the like supplied to the crushing chamber 13 defined by the mantle 12 and the cone cape 11 are gradually subjected to a compressive load by the rotating motion of the mantle 12, and are discharged from the machine through the outlet opening 14.

By the way, in order to increase the product production amount in such a crusher, on the one hand, it is necessary to increase the amount of rocks etc. that pass through the crusher, and on the other hand, on the other hand, it is necessary to increase the content of crushed products of desired product dimensions with respect to the amount that passes through the crusher. The goal is to simultaneously satisfy the contradictory dualities of increasing

Regarding the former condition, by increasing the exit gap, the amount of motion deviation of the crusher's spout plate or rotating body (described later), and the shape of the crushing chamber will uniquely improve the calculated passage of rocks, etc. per unit time of the crusher. The amount (Ton/) (r) will be determined, but the latter condition requires sufficient bulk density and high compression ratio when compressing rocks in the crushing chamber, as described above as a crushing mechanism for rocks, etc. This can be solved by giving.

By setting the gap C of the outlet opening 4 and the corresponding movement deviation amount e of the mantle 12, the amount of rocks etc. passing through the crusher, in other words, the amount of crushing is determined. When the throughput is continuously supplied to the crushing chamber 13, rocks and the like fall and flow in a compacted state at each position in the crushing chamber length H direction within the crushing chamber 13.

In addition, in the case of a cone crusher, the motion deviation amount e refers to the gap C of the outlet opening 14 formed between the mantle 12 and the cone cape 11 due to the rotational movement of the mantle 12, as shown in FIG. It refers to the distance between the inside and outside of the position of the lower edge of the mantle 12 when it reaches its minimum and the position of the outer periphery when it reaches its maximum.
As shown in the figure, the outer peripheral edge of the lower end of the toothed plate 12' when the gap C of the outlet opening 14 formed between the toothed plate 12' and the fixed plate 11' is minimized as the toothed plate 12' swings. It shows the distance between the inside and outside between the position and the position of the outer periphery at the maximum.

Now, in order to maintain the consolidated layered flow state of rocks, etc. in the crushing chamber and to increase the amount of rocks, etc. that pass through the crusher, the outlet opening should be opened in consideration of the relationship with the amount of motion deviation e. The gap C of 14 is in the range of 0.015 to 0.03 of the lower diameter of the mantle 12, or the length H of the crushing chamber.
It is an essential requirement to set the value within the range of 0.025 to 0.05, and if it deviates from this lower limit, the outlet opening 1
If the gap in step 4 becomes too small and the amount of rocks etc. passing through the crusher becomes small, not only will it not be possible to achieve the intended purpose, but the operation of the crusher will become unstable, and the upper limit value will be exceeded. cannot reproduce a layered consolidated flow state, and it becomes impossible to apply a sufficient compressive load to rocks etc. due to the eccentric rotational movement of the mantle 12, which will be described later.

In this way, the gap between the outlet openings 14 is set and the crushing chamber 1
In order to cause crushing of consolidated layered rocks, etc. that fall and flow in the crushing chamber 13, as described above, the rocks, etc. must have sufficient bulk density and high compression in the crushing chamber 13 during compression due to the rotating motion of the mantle 12. In order to apply a sufficient compressive load to fracture such layered rocks, etc., the amount of motion deviation e accompanying the eccentric rotation of the mantle 12 is The minimum amount and the amount of motion deviation e allowed from the mechanical structure of the crusher must be set within the range of 0.03 to 0.06 of the diameter of the mantle 12.

As mentioned above, the gap C of the outlet opening 14 and the amount of motion deviation e
is determined, but the flow state of the rock, etc. in the crushing chamber 13 becomes a problem in order to perform the crushing according to the present invention.

That is, in order to more effectively propagate the compressive load to the rocks, etc. in the crushing chamber 13 between layers, it is required to form a fluid state in which the rocks, etc. are densely packed in the crushing chamber 13, For this purpose, it is necessary to supply a sufficient amount of rocks, etc. to the crushing chamber 13.

This supply amount of rocks, etc. is commensurate with the amount that passes through the crusher (Ton/Hr). Therefore, it is uniquely calculated from the size of the crusher and the movement deviation e of the gap C1 of the outlet opening mentioned above, and the amount that passes through the crusher is By continuously or intermittently supplying an amount substantially equal to , the filling state of rocks, etc. in the crushing chamber 13 is maintained and formed.

3 of the exit opening gap, motion deviation amount, and supply amount of rocks, etc.
As shown in Figure 2, the amount of compressive work due to the eccentric rotational movement of the mantle 12, or in other words, the compressive load on rocks, etc. As a result, fractures occur from rocks with low strength, and the crushing chamber 1
By repeating this in step 3, the required products are crushed.

To be more specific, in order to facilitate understanding of the crushing mechanism of rocks, etc., the swinging motion of the mantle 12 relative to the cone cape 11 is treated as a direct reciprocating swinging motion similar to that of a show crusher (theoretically the same It is something that can be regarded as something that belongs to someone else.

) Further, to add an explanation by partially sectioning the crushing chamber 13 in the axial direction and dividing the crushing chamber 13 into a plurality of regions 1 to 2 in the direction of the length H of the chamber, it is assumed that the mantle 12 has a motion deviation amount e. When the advance is gradually started from a position away from the cone cape 11, the bulk density of rocks and the like in the crushing chamber 13 gradually increases, and they tend to flow in the circumferential direction within the crushing chamber 13. Due to the extremely large amount of rocks etc. supplied into the mantle 13, a kind of restraint state occurs in the circumferential direction, and most of the compression work by the mantle 12 is a compressive load on the rocks etc. This compressive load is It will be propagated between rocks, etc.

In this sense, it is meaningful to set the gap C of the outlet opening 14 large to increase the supply amount of rocks and the like.

When the bulk density of rocks, etc. increases due to the rotational movement of the mantle 12, and a compressive load is propagated between the rocks, etc., the destruction of rocks, etc. progresses from those with low fracture strength, and the fractured rocks, etc. are affected by the compression. It acts as a load propagation member in the load-receiving region, and rocks and the like are compressed in a layered manner until the mantle 12 reaches the position closest to the cone cape 11, as shown by the imaginary line in the figure.

The inventors have named this phenomenon layer compression fracture.

This layered compression crushing is carried out simultaneously in the areas 1 to 2 in the crushing chamber 13, but the crushing status of the rocks, etc. in each area, in other words, the particle size or size, changes as the crushing progresses. It changes.

In order to apply a sufficient compressive load to rocks, etc. that fall and flow in a compacted state in the crushing chamber 13, the mantle 12 is
The above-mentioned specific range is required as the motion deviation amount e, and this range is essential.

When the mantle 12 begins to retreat from the position shown by the imaginary line in the figure to the position shown by the solid line, it is compressed to the volume shown by the cross-hatched lines in Fig. 3, increased to the highest bulk density, and crushed. As the mantle 12 recedes, the rocks in each area shown by will fall vertically or continuously into the area immediately below each area, resulting in a consolidated layered falling flow state of rocks as a whole. However, even in this case, if the amount of motion deviation e of the mantle 12 is small, it has been confirmed that the falling volume of rocks, etc. necessary for layer formation cannot be guaranteed. Also from this point of view, the amount of motion deviation e of the mantle 12 should be limited to the range described above.

The rocks, etc. are crushed in the process of falling and flowing gradually through the areas 1 to 2 in the crushing chamber, and fall through the outlet opening 14 to the lower part of the crusher, and the rocks, etc. that can pass through the crusher are sieved as appropriate. If the product size exceeds the required size, it is returned to the crusher for crushing.

Next, the results of experiments on crushing rocks, etc. were conducted using the crushing method according to the present invention and the conventional crushing method, and the results are shown in the table below.

Experimental data for the method of the invention are shown in graphical form in FIG. 5 to aid in understanding the benefits of the method of the invention.

The preconditions for this experiment, namely the type of rock, the size of the rock, the water content of the rock, the type of crusher, the mantle diameter, and the rotation speed, are the same as in the table above.

In Figure 5, the vertical axis is the product production volume (Ton/)Ir)
, the horizontal axis represents the exit gap/mantle diameter, and the parameter represents the amount of motion deviation/mantle diameter.

In FIG. 5, A 2, C, and 2 represent data for the present invention method (1), same (2), comparative example, and conventional method shown in the above table.

E is the operating limit point (in this type of crusher, when the ratio of apparent density/true density is approximately 80 or more, compression becomes impossible and the crusher becomes unable to operate).

This limit is shown in E).

Further, the hatched area in the figure indicates the scope of the present invention.

Here, each point of the experimental results other than I to H is intentionally not plotted to make the graph easier to recognize.

This type of crusher was conventionally operated within the range indicated by the broken line in FIG. 5.

As is clear from this experimental result, compared to the conventional crushing method, the crushing conditions of the present invention have an extremely significant difference from the concept of the conventional crushing method, and despite this, the product production amount was 85. .8Ton/) (r), which is 6 times as much as the conventional product production volume, so it can be seen that the effect is great.

In addition, even when compared with comparative examples, the present invention is far superior in terms of product production, and what is particularly noteworthy is that if the crushing conditions do not satisfy all of the conditions specified in the present invention, This is the point where the effect cannot be achieved.

Regarding the shape of the crushed products obtained through this experiment, it was found that the present invention produced products that were close to cubic shapes, but the content was low in other cases.

The above explanation was based on the case where a cone crusher was used as the crusher, but this was done for convenience of explanation, and it has been confirmed that the same effect can be achieved in the case of a show crusher. has been done.

In other words, the crushing principle of a show crusher is similar to the relationship between the mantle and the cone cape in one cross section in a cone crusher, and when setting the crushing conditions for a show crusher, the crushing chamber length (H) in Figure 4 is the standard. Specifically, the outlet gap is set within the range of 0.025 to 0.05 of the length of the crushing chamber, and the amount of motion deviation of the crushing moving body (spray plate) is set within the range of 0.05 to 0.1 of the length of the crushing chamber. It is essential to keep it within the range.

In addition, in the method of the present invention, since the crushing mechanism is based on a layer compression phenomenon, it is difficult to crush rocks that are conventionally difficult to crush, or rocks in a wet state that have to sacrifice a reduction in product production. It was confirmed that it is extremely effective in crushing highly cohesive rocks.

As is clear from the above, according to the crushing method according to the present invention, an effective crushing phenomenon can be imparted by setting the outlet gap and the amount of motion deviation of the crusher, and the capacity of the crusher can be improved.
It has become possible to dramatically improve the product production volume per unit time, and as a result, it has reduced the cost of crushing rocks, etc., and on the other hand, it has become possible to process a large amount of crushed materials. The effects it brings, such as opening the way to reducing the number of machines and reducing equipment costs for rock crushing plants, are extremely significant in terms of their industrial contribution.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the crushing state in a conventional cone crusher, FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional explanatory diagram showing the crushing state by the same cone crusher when implementing the crushing method according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view showing the crushing state when the crushing method of the present invention is applied to a show crusher, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing experimental data of the method of the present invention in a graph format. In the figure, 10 is a cone crusher, 11 is a cone cape, 12 is a mantle, 13 is a crushing chamber, and 14 is an outlet opening.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A show crusher or rotary crusher that supplies crushed materials to a crushing chamber formed between a fixed body and a crushing moving body, and periodically applies a compressive load to the crushed materials through the movement of the crushing body. In such crushers, the outlet gap of the crusher is set in the range of 0.25 to 0.05 of the length of the crushing chamber of the crushing moving body in the case of a show crusher, and in the range of 0.25 to 0.05 of the crushing chamber length of the crushing moving body in the case of a rotary type crusher. The diameter is set within the range of 0.015 to 0.03, and the amount of motion deviation of the crushing moving body in the crusher is set within the range of 0.05 to 0 of the length of the crushing chamber in the case of a show crusher.
．． 1 or 0.03 to 0.06 of the diameter of the crushing moving body in the case of a rotary type crusher, and the material to be crushed is continuously crushed so that the material is in a compacted state in the crushing chamber. A method for crushing rocks, ores, etc., characterized in that crushing is carried out while supplying