JPS5830083B2 - NC automatic lathe with multiple tool selection functions - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tool post control mechanism for a moving spindle type numerically controlled automatic lathe, and particularly to a mechanism for controlling a plurality of cut tools simultaneously.

In general, a movable spindle type automatic lathe has a standard tool rest in which cutters are mounted radially around the main shaft, and a drilling tool rest in which a drill, reamer, etc. are mounted opposite the main shaft, and this is attached to the cam shaft. Controlled by an attached cam (provided corresponding to each tool post), one product is manufactured when the camshaft rotates once.

Therefore, when manufacturing different products, it is necessary to replace the entire set of cams, which means that a corresponding cam must be prepared for each product to be processed, and the cam design and
It takes a lot of time and money to manufacture.

Furthermore, each time the product to be processed changes, a lot of setup time is required for replacing the cam, which is very inconvenient when producing a wide variety of products in small quantities.

To solve this problem, we used a master cam with an Archimedean curve profile, and controlled the tool post while rotating the camshaft forward and backward using a numerical control (hereinafter referred to as NC) device, allowing us to perform various types of machining without changing the cam. A method for machining objects has been considered, but it is said that the machining efficiency is lower than the above-mentioned method that simply controls with a cam.

That is, although the cam-type automatic lathe has the above-mentioned drawbacks, it has the advantage of being able to operate a plurality of tools simultaneously for machining using a tool adjustment device or a combination of cams.

For example, it is possible to simultaneously perform external milling and drilling, or for a workpiece with a large machining allowance, set the roughing tool and finishing tool at different angles in the radial and axial directions of the material for roughing and finishing. It was relatively easy and free to combine various types of processing, such as performing processing at the same time.

On the other hand, the method of controlling with an NC device has structural constraints on the tool selection mechanism, and the commanded coordinate values of the NC device must always have the same coordinate values for every tool (regardless of whether the sole is selected). Since there are restrictions on the 5NC device, a system is adopted in which only one tool is used in the same block of the Kani program, and each tool is controlled by one control system.

Therefore, with NC automatic lathes, simultaneous machining with multiple tools is not possible, and cam-type automatic lathes are the only way to perform simultaneous machining.
It becomes necessary to divide the processing performed in one process into two or more steps.

Moreover, after returning the tool that has finished machining to the reference position, the tool selection means is canceled, the tool necessary for the next machining is selected, and the tool is brought close to the machining position again before starting machining. It will take a long time.

In addition, moving spindle type automatic lathes usually process the material while supporting it with a guide bushing, and the function and accuracy of the kite bushing that holds the material are determined regardless of whether it is a cam-type automatic lathe or an NC-controlled automatic lathe. This is extremely important in maintaining high machining accuracy.

When cutting the outer diameter of a workpiece with high precision, especially when the shape of the workpiece requires a large amount of cutting allowance, a cam-type automatic lathe uses two different tools to cut the material in the radial and axial directions as described above.
In NC-controlled automatic lathes, the finishing tool is advanced after rough machining, and then machining is performed while the headstock is retracted, or -
Retract the long shaft stock, then advance the finishing tool,
Finishing will be performed while moving the headstock forward again, but in both cases, the rough-machined part of the material has a small outer diameter and cannot be supported by the guide bushing, so the guide bushing The length of the material to be held may change during finishing, become extremely short, or may not be able to be held at all depending on the shape of the workpiece.

High-precision finishing cannot be expected in such conditions.

Therefore, the above processing method, in which rough processing and finishing processing can be performed in two steps, is possible because the kite bushing is extremely short enough to hold the material during finishing processing.
This is limited to the case of workpieces, and relatively long workpieces must be machined with only one tool. As a result, the cutting edge of the tool wears quickly, resulting in changes in machining dimensions and deterioration of the finished surface. There are also drawbacks.

This invention was devised in view of the above points. First, the tool selection mechanism of the tool post can select each tool individually and select multiple tools at the same time, and can quickly select and deselect tools. The tool selection mechanism of the drilling machine is configured so that operations necessary for machining, such as indexing the tool, moving the tool to a predetermined position, and changing the rotational speed of the tool, are performed using the tool of the NC device. In addition to being configured so that selection commands can be used in the order specified, there is also a unique tool selection system for single selection of tools on the tool post and drilling equipment, and simultaneous selection of multiple tools by combining each tool. By assigning a number and specifying the tool selection number for simultaneous selection of multiple tools mentioned above in the tool selection command of the NC device, you can simultaneously select multiple tools on the turret and perform simultaneous machining of the outer diameter, or use the turret and hole drilling. It is characterized by the ability to simultaneously perform outer diameter cutting and hole drilling by selecting multiple tools that combine the equipment's tools.
This improves the drawbacks of NC-controlled automatic lathes, which are said to be inferior in machining efficiency and variety of machining methods compared to cam-type automatic lathes.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of a moving spindle type NC automatic lathe according to the present invention.

The headstock 101 that rotates and holds the material W is a bed 100.
It is numerically controlled in the Z-axis direction (spindle direction) via a ball screw 107 by a Z-axis servo motor 106 controlled by an NC device (not shown).

A main shaft drive motor 104 transmits rotation to the main shaft 101a via a main shaft drive pulley 105, and also transmits rotation to a drilling attachment 102, which will be described later, via an intermediate shaft 108.

A tool frame 103 is fixed on the bed 100,
Here, 41 to 65 tool rests 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are provided radially around the workpiece W (see Figures 2 onwards), and these tool rests are driven by the ball screw 2 by the X-axis servo motor 22.
It is numerically controlled via the connecting means 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and the feed levers 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and the material W is processed with high precision near the guide bush 230.

Next, according to the drawings below in Figure 2, /I61-A5 turret 3.
Controls 4, 5, 6, and 7 will be described.

A guide bush 23 for holding the material W is attached to the center of the tool frame 103, and a locking lever 2 is attached to the lower part so as to be swingable about a locking lever shaft 201.

Tool holders 202, 2 are on the left and right of the locking lever 2.
03 is slidably provided on the tool holder 202.
The 161 tool rest 3 is mounted on the tool holder 203 so as to be rotatable around the pin 301, and the //62 tool rest 4 is mounted on the tool holder 203 so as to be rotatable around the pin 401.

Also, there are pins 204 and 205 on the left and right sides of the locking lever 2.
protrudes, and the roller 901 of the feed lever 9 is engaged with the pin 204, and the roller 801 of the feed lever 8 is engaged with the pin 205.

206 is a spring tube attached to the bed 100, which contains a plunger 207 and a spring 208. One end of the spring 208 is supported by a lid 209, and the plunger 207 is connected to the spring 208.
Due to the elasticity of the locking lever 2, the locking lever 2 pops upward and comes into contact with the pin 205 of the locking lever 2.

Similarly, the plunger is brought into contact with the pin 204 by a spring, so that the locking lever 2 is kept in a balanced state.

T1. T2 is a bit, for example, a clamp screw 302°40
Second, the scraps are attached to the turret 1 turret 3 and /f6.2 turret 4 using a known method.

306 is a pin provided on the //61 tool rest 3;
05 is a set screw screwed onto the tool holder 202.

The A1 turret 3 has a spring 30 inserted into a hole 307 drilled therein.
9. A plunger 308 is built in, and one end of the plunger 308 is in contact with the tool holder 202, so the force of the spring 309 causes the tool rest 3 to rotate counterclockwise around the fulcrum 301, so that the pin 306 It is locked to a set screw 305.

By adjusting the set screw 305, the 461 tool rest 3 can be rotated, and fine adjustment can be made so that the cutting edge of the cutting tool T1 is directed toward the center of the material.

In addition, the /I61 tool rest 3 can slide the tool holder 202 relative to the locking lever 2 by loosening the clamp screws 210 and 210 and turning the knob 211 using a microscrew (not shown), and
The cutting edge can be adjusted.

Since the second tool rest 4 has the same structure as the first tool rest 3, the cutting edge of the cutting tool T2 can be adjusted in the same way.

A /16.3 tool rest 5, a scrap 4 tool rest 6, and an A6.5 tool rest 7 are also attached to the sole frame 103, and these are controlled by feed levers 10, 11, and 12.

That is, since the feed levers 10, 11, and 12 are rotatable by support shafts 117 and 112 degrees 122 attached to the tool frame, the microscrew 1 of each feed lever is
Via 16,111,121/! 6.3 Turret 5, A
6464 cutlery, 5 tool rest 7 slides toward the center of the material.

Since all of the turrets 3 to 5 have the same structure, the //64 turret 6 will be described unless otherwise specified.

As shown in Figure 4, the 5KA4 tool rest 6 has a tool holder 60L.
It is composed of a tool slide 604 and a tool post 605, and the cutting tool T4 is attached to the tool post 605.

The tool holder 601 includes a cylindrical portion 602 that fits into the tool frame 103 and a rising portion 603 having a sliding surface on which a tool slide 604 slides.

A microscrew 606 is attached to the cylindrical portion 6020 and 608 by a clamp 60γ, and a ring 610 is attached to the end surface of the tool frame 103 to which the cylindrical portion 602 is fitted.
is rotated, and the nut 612 is rotated through the thrust bearing 611.
is screwed into the microscrew 606.

609 is a square spring built into the hole 608, and the square spring 60
The tool holder 601 is configured to be pushed to the left in FIG. 4 with respect to the tool frame 103 by the elasticity 90, and this elasticity
, is connected to the ring 610 via a thrust bearing 611.

Therefore, if the nut 612 is rotated by a predetermined amount together with the scale ring 613, the microscrew 606 and the tool holder 60
1 moves backward (to the right in the figure) while compressing the square spring 609 or moves forward by the elasticity of the square spring 609, and the cutting tool T4 is finely adjusted in the axial direction of the main shaft.

A pin 616 is attached to the rising portion 603 of the tool holder 601, and the pin 616 is pushed out by a plunger 617 pushed out by an adjusting screw 620 and a spring 619 screwed into the tool frame 103, as seen in FIG. The pinched position is fixed.

By adjusting the adjustment screw 620, the pin 616 compresses the spring 619 in the hole 618 via the plunger 617, or the pin 616 moves via the plunger 61γ due to the elasticity of the spring 6190, and the tool holder 6
01 swings slightly left and right around the cylindrical portion 602 when viewed from the direction of FIG. 2, allowing fine adjustment so that the cutting edge of the cutting tool T4 coincides with the center of the main shaft.

In addition, the rising portion 603 has a spring 615°615 in the longitudinal direction.
Spring holes 614, 614 containing the spring 61 are drilled, and the spring 61
The tool slide 604 is pushed upward by the elastic force of 5,615 and comes into contact with the feed lever 110 and the microscrew 111, so by turning the microscrew 111 with the knob 115, the tool slide 604 moves slightly, and the cutting tool T4 moves. Fine adjustment is made in the direction perpendicular to the main axis.

13. 14, 15, 16, 17 are connecting means, which connect the feed levers 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 to drive mechanisms (X-axis servo motor 22, ball screw 20, feed slide is, i
s).

The connecting means 13 and 15 are provided on the bracket 182, the connecting means 16 is provided on the bracket 183, and the connecting means 1
4 and 17 are provided on the bracket 192.

Brackets) 182 and 183 are attached to the first feed slide 18, and a bracket 192 is attached to the second feed slide 19.

21 is a feed slide base attached above the tool frame 103, which includes the first feed slide 18 and the second feed slide base 21.
Each of the feed slides 19 is slidable, and an X-axis servo motor 22 is arranged at one end, and the tool frame 1
Obsessed with 03.

A ball screw 20 is supported by the feed slide base 21, and one end is connected to the output shaft of the X-axis servo motor 22 via a coupling 223, thereby driving the ball screw to rotate.

The ball screw 20 has two threaded parts 221 and 222 whose twisting directions are opposite to each other. Menezinatsu 191
are screwed together, and when the ball screw 20 is rotationally driven by the X-axis servo motor 22, the moving directions of the first feed slide 18 and the second feed slide 19 are configured to be opposite to each other.

The connecting means 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 have similar configurations, and the configuration of the connecting means 16 shown in FIG. 7 will be described.

A cylinder body 161 is attached to the first feed slide 18 via a mounting plate 169, and the cylinder 162 is moved from side to side by a fluid drive source (not shown).

A bracket 183 is integrally attached to the opposite side of the first feed slide 18 to which the cylinder body 161 is attached by bolts, etc., and a connecting rod 164 is provided to be slidable in the axial direction with respect to the bracket 183. .

Reference numeral 161 denotes a sleeve, which is attached to the bracket 183 with a double nut 168, so that the connecting rod 164 can be slid thereon.

The connecting rod 164 has 7 langes 165 and a fork 1 to be described later.
An engaging portion 166 with which 63 engages is provided.

A fork 163 is integrally coupled to the rond 162, and a notch is bored at the tip of the fork 163, and as shown in the figure, this notch engages with an engaging portion 166 of a connecting rod 164, and the rond 1
62 moves to the left, the connecting rod 164 moves to the left via the fork 163, and as shown in FIG.
The stepped portion comes into contact with the sleeve 167 and stops.

At this time, the pin 113 of the feed lever 11 is inserted between the seven-run portion 165 and the slotted portion 1610 of the connecting rod 164 to connect the first feed slide 18 and the feed lever 11.

When the coupling means 16 operates to couple the feed lever 11 to the first feed slide 18 in this way, the feed lever 1
1 rotates around the support shaft 112 and advances the /16.4 tool rest toward the workpiece W.

This ultimately led to the tool selection command of the NC device
4 and the tool slide 604 to the first feed slide 18
This means that the robot has moved to the coordinate value where it is located, that is, the X-axis coordinate value specified by the NC device.

The position (X-axis coordinate value) where the tool has been selected as described above is usually a position where the T4 cutting tool does not yet cut the material W.

In this way, the feed lever 11 and the first feed slide 18 are connected by the action of the connecting means 16, and when the /164 turret 6 is selected, a selection completion signal 1 is issued by the switch or the like (not shown). Sent to the NC device.

When the NC device receives this signal, it operates the X-axis servo motor 22 according to a predetermined program to control the ball screw 2.
0 is rotated by a predetermined amount to move the first feed slide 18 to the right in FIG. The material W is processed by.

Next, the operation of tool selection cancellation will be described.

When a different tool number is designated with a tool selection command from the NC device, the currently selected sole is deselected.

The cylinder 161 is actuated by a command from the NC device, and the cylinder rod 162 moves to the right in FIG. 7, and the connecting rod 164 also moves to the right via the fork 163.

At this time, the flange portion 165 that was holding the pin 113 of the feed lever 11 also moves to the right, so the tool slide 604 is pushed upward by the elasticity of the spring 6150 installed in the tool holder 601 in FIG. The feed lever 11 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 2 around the support shaft 112 via the microscrew 111,
3 moves to the right while following the flange portion 165 of the connecting rod 164.

In this series of operations, the tool slide 604 moves upward, and the cutting tool T4 also moves away from the material W.

When the rod 162 has moved sufficiently to the right, a signal indicating completion of selection is sent to the NC by pressing υ□tosinch, etc. (not shown).
The tool selection cancellation operation is completed by sending the data to the device.

Immediately upon receiving this completion signal, the NC device activates the connection means of the newly specified tool number, and proceeds to the tool selection operation similar to the case of the connection means of the scrap 4 tool rest.

Although the connecting means 13, 14, 15, and 17 have exactly the same structure, there is a slight difference in structure from the connecting means 16 explained above, so the connecting means 15 is shown in FIG.
I will explain the differences with 6.

A cylinder 151 is attached to the first feed slide 18,
The movement of the cylinder rod 152 is transmitted to the connecting rod 154 via the fork 153, and when the tool is selected, the end surface of the sleeve 157 and the flange portion 155 of the connecting rod 154
The structure for inserting the pin 118 is the same as that of the connecting means 16, but in the connecting means 16, the connecting rod 1640 and the hook engaging part 166 were provided in the center part.
In this case, the only difference is that the fork engaging portion 156 of the connecting rod 154 is provided at the left end of the connecting rod, and the method of operation and effect on the tool remain the same.

Connecting means 13, 14゜15.1 configured as above
6, 17 have feed levers 8, 9゜10, 11, 12 respectively.
Pins 803, 903, 118, 113, and 123 are facing, and when the connecting means is operated, the corresponding pins are locked and each tool rest is selected.

Next, the structure of the drilling attachment will be briefly described based on FIGS. 1, 8, and 9.

The drilling attachment 102 is provided in front of the headstock 101, and the one shown in FIG. 1 is one embodiment, and the drilling attachment controlled by the present invention is not limited to this.

The drilling attachment 102 is attached to the turret body 31 fixed to the bed 100. A turret 32 is rotatably fitted into the turret main body 31, and a plurality of tool axes (4 axes are provided in the embodiment) 33a are fitted into the turret 32 and can be moved in the axial direction.

33b, 33c, 33d, the tool shaft 33c.

The turret 32 is composed of a rotating shaft 34 that transmits rotation to the tool 33d, a feed table mechanism 35 that moves the indexed tool shaft toward the workpiece W, and an indexing mechanism 36 for the turret 32.

As described above, the turret 32 is provided with four tool shafts, the tool shafts 33a and 33b are stationary drill shafts that attach the drill and the drill, and the tool shaft 33c is a rotary drill shaft that rotates in the opposite direction to the main shaft 101a. It is used when performing small diameter drills or hole drilling quickly.

The tool shaft 33d is a screw support shaft that holds the tap, and the main shaft 10
Rotates in the same direction as 1a.

The rotating shaft 34 is provided at the center of the turret 32, and the rotating shaft 34
A clutch 344 is mounted on the rear shaft of the rotary shaft 4, rotates together with the rotating shaft by a method such as key coupling, and is mounted so as to be movable in the axial direction by a speed change cylinder 347.

On both sides of the clutch 3440, a low speed pulley 345 and a high speed pulley 346, whose rotations are transmitted by the intermediate shaft 108, are rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft 34 by ball bearings, so that the clutch 344 is connected to the speed change cylinder 347. By switching, the rotating shaft 34 is rotated at high speed or low speed.

The rotating shaft 34 is rotated at low speed except for tapping.

A gear 341 provided in front of the rotating shaft 34 is connected to the tool shaft 33
The gear 342 meshes with the gear 342 of c, and the gear 342 is connected to the screw support shaft 33.
It meshes with the gear 343 of d and transmits rotation.

The indexing mechanism 36 indexes the turret 32 to align a predetermined tool axis with the center of the main axis, and includes an indexing cylinder 361 fixed to the turret body 31. Rack 363 connected to cylinder 361, stop rond 3 following rank 363
62 and stoppers 364 a , 364 b , 364 c that limit the movement distance of the stop rond 362 and a lock cylinder 365 that fixes the turret 32 .

A gear is carved on the outer periphery of the turret 32, and the rank 36
3, so when the indexing cylinder 361 is activated by a command from the NC device, the turret 32 will move to the rotation axis 3.
It rotates either forward or backward around 4.

The stoppers 364a, 364b, and 364c are movable stoppers, and any one of them is projected depending on the rotational direction of the indexing tool shaft and the turret.

In addition, fixed stoppers on both sides provided on the turret body 31 are configured to act on the tool axis indexed at the most forward side and the most backward side of the indexing cylinder 361, and the above-mentioned Movable stopper 364a, 3
64 b t 364 c or the fixed stopper, the stop rond 362 comes into contact and the rotation of the turret is stopped.

At the same time, the limit switch 366 for confirming the index position is activated by the dog, and a confirmation signal indicating that the predetermined index position has been reached is output to N.
Send to C device.

When the NC device receives this signal, it operates the lock cylinder 365, and the pin provided at the tip of the cylinder is pushed into the hole in the turret 32, so that the turret 32 is accurately fixed at the indexed position.

At the same time, at the forward position of the lock cylinder, a limit switch (not shown) sends an indexing completion signal to the NC device, and the indexing operation is completed.

When the NC device receives the indexing completion signal, it retracts any of the stoppers 364a, 364b, and 364C that have been protruding so far, and further operates the feed platform mechanism 35.

The feed table mechanism 35 includes a cylinder 351 and a cylinder 351.
It consists of a feed base 352 coupled to a cylinder rond.

In the figure, the rotary drill shaft 33c is shown in an indexed state, and when the feed base 352 is moved to the right by the cylinder 351, the rotary drill shaft 33c moves forward while compressing the spring 41c.

A plunger 353 movable by a spring is inserted into the feed table 352, and as the feed table 352 moves, the plunger 353 comes into contact with a stopper 354c provided on the turret body 31, and the feed table 352 and the tool shaft are brought into contact with each other. 33c stops moving forward.

At this time, the plunger 353 moves back while pushing the spring,
A limit switch 355 for confirming forward movement fixed to the feed table 352 is activated, and a signal indicating completion of the forward movement of the feed table mechanism 35 is sent to the NC device, thereby completing the forward movement.

Note that since the stopper 354 is adjustable, the moving distance of the rotary drill shaft 33c can be freely adjusted depending on the shape of the workpiece.

To move the feed table mechanism 35 backward, the cylinder 351 is actuated by a command from the NC device, and the feed table 352 moves to the left in FIG. 1, comes into contact with the turret body 31, and stops.

When the feed base 352 moves backward, the tool shaft 33c is moved by the spring 4
Due to the elasticity of 1c, it follows the feed table 352 and retreats, and stops together with the feed table 352.

Note that the limit switch 356 for confirming the backward movement attached to the feed table 352 still contacts the actuating piece 311 at the most retracted position of the feed table, and sends a signal indicating the completion of the backward movement of the feed table mechanism 35 to the NC device, thus completing the backward operation. .

Next, regarding the selection of tools for the drilling device, the order of operation is first.
This will be explained according to Figure 0.

When the NC device inputs a tool selection command for the cutting program, which is a tool selection command for the tool axis of the drilling machine, the NC system first inputs the current state of the drilling machine, that is, the tool axis selection command for the tool axis of the drilling machine. The presence or absence of the turret and the current indexed position of the turret are detected from the indexing mechanism and limit switch of the feed mechanism.

When any tool axis is selected, that tool axis (
When the feed carriage is also in the forward position and none of the tool axes are selected, all of the tool axes are in the retracted position and the turret index position is also not constant.

(However, one of the four axes must coincide with the main axis.

) The current state detected by the NC device (hereinafter referred to as old selection)
and a newly inputted tool selection command (hereinafter referred to as a new selection command) to determine in what order the new selection commands should be executed.

That is, [Judgment-1] If the new selection command is the same as the old selection or not, the tool selection is immediately canceled, and if they are not the same, the process moves to [Judgment-2].

[Judgment-2] In the old selection, if any tool axis is selected or not, if it is in the selection state, after executing [Process],
1].

If the tool is not in the tool selection state, proceed to [Judgment-3].

[Judgment-3] Are the turret indexing positions of the old selection and new selection commands the same? If they are the same, execute [Action-6] immediately; if they are not the same, execute [Processing] and then execute [Action-2]. ] Execute more.

[Processing] A stopper (364a) that operates in accordance with the rotational direction of the turret to move from the turret indexing position of the old selection to the turret indexing position of the new selection command.

364b, 364c, or a fixed stopper).

After completing the above judgments and processing, the NC device executes a new selection command, and therefore, based on each judgment, commands the indexing mechanism 36 and feed platform mechanism 35 to operate in the following order.

[Operation-1] Retraction C of the feed platform mechanism 35 Operation-2) Unlocking the turret The lock cylinder 365 operates and pulls out the pin at the tip of the rond from the turret hole.

A limit switch (not shown) operates at the backward end of the lock cylinder and sends a signal indicating completion of lock release to the NC device.
Operation is complete.

[Operation-3] Stoppers 364a, 364b.

The set NC device 364c causes the stopper determined in [Judgment-4] to protrude.

A limit switch (not shown) operates at the forward end of the stopper and sends a signal to the NC device that the stopper has been set.
Operation is complete.

Note that when the fixed stopper is activated, the NC device is not activated.

[Operation-4] The turret indexing NC device operates the indexing cylinder 361 in the indexing direction determined in [Processing] to rotate the turret 32.

As a result, the stop rond 362 moves and [operation-3
] The turret stops rotating when it comes into contact with the stopper set at ].

At this time, the indexing position confirmation glue □ seat switch 366 operates to send a confirmation signal that the turret has reached the predetermined indexing position to N.
Send it to C device and the operation is completed.

[Operation-5] Turret 3 by lock cylinder 365
2 Lock [Operation-6] Advancement of the feed platform mechanism 35 Simultaneously with the forward movement of the feed platform mechanism 35 [Operation-6]
The stopper set in step 3] is also released.

In addition, when the screw support shaft is selected by the tool selection command, the speed change operation of the rotary shaft 34 is also performed at the same time.

That is, the shift cylinder 341 is operated and the clutch 3
44 to mesh with the high speed pulley 346,
The rotating shaft 34 is switched from low speed to high speed.

As a result, the rotating tool shafts 33c and 33d become faster.

As mentioned above, depending on the state of the old selection, there is a difference in which order the operation starts, but the final [Action-6]
] is completed, the execution of the new tool selection command ends.

Next, the tool selection cancellation of the tool axis of the drilling machine will be described.

After selecting the tool axis of the drilling machine as described above and performing the specified machining, a tool selection command that does not select the tool axis of the drilling machine in the machine program (a command that specifies a tool different from the tool axis) ), the NC device instructs the drilling device to execute only the above-mentioned [operation-1].

This is called tool selection cancellation, and this command is called a tool selection cancellation command.

Next, hole drilling after tool selection will be described using the tool shaft 33c as an example.

The rotary drill shaft 33c does not move after the forward movement is stopped when the tool is selected (it only rotates by the rotary shaft 34, but in a movable main shaft type automatic lathe, the main shaft 101a is configured to be movable, so it is difficult to drill holes). inputs a two-axis movement command to the NC device using the machine program, operates the Z-axis servo motor 106, and advances the main shaft 101a toward the rotary drill shaft 33c by an amount corresponding to the drilling length to perform machining. .

After machining is completed, move the spindle to 10 using the Z-axis movement command from the machine program.
The drilling process is completed by retracting 1a or by retracting the rotary drill shaft 33c with a tool selection cancellation command.

Next, we will discuss thread tapping (processing of female or male threads using a tap or die).

As mentioned above, the screw support shaft 33 is
When d is selected, the screw support shaft 33d is indexed to the center of the main shaft, moves forward, and rotates at a high speed (rotating in the same direction as the main shaft) to complete tool selection.

In addition, to explain the rotation speed of the screw support shaft 33d,
When machining right-hand threads, the high-speed side speed is set to be faster than the main spindle, and the low-speed side speed is set to be slower than the main spindle, and when machining left-hand threads, the settings are set so that the reverse is true.

Also, to add more information about the forward movement of the screw support shaft 33d,
When the screw support shaft 33d moves forward, the flange 331 at the rear end of the screw support shaft 33d comes into contact with the buckle 421 of the collar 42 that is slidably fitted onto the axis of the rotating shaft 34, and the spring 45
The collar 42 is configured to advance together with the collar 42 while compressing the collar 42 .

When the tool selection for the screw support shaft 33d is completed, although not shown, the tip of the tapping tool (tap or die) attached to the screw support shaft is positioned very close to the threaded part of the material W. By adjusting the stopper 354d,
The forward position of the feed base 352 is set.

Next, the workpiece is moved forward by the length required for the tapping tool by the Z-axis movement command of the machine program, and once the tool has bitten into the workpiece, the screw supporting shaft is rotated (rotation difference with the main shaft). The tool moves forward while screwing into the material W by itself.

In this way, the screw support shaft 33d advances independently from the feed base 352 while compressing the spring 41d, and at the same time advances the collar 42.

When the screw support shaft 33d moves forward by a predetermined length (thread machining length), the collar 422 at the rear end of the collar 42 comes into contact with the lever 44, actuating the speed change limit switch 43, actuating the speed change cylinder 347, and moving the screw support shaft 33d forward. The rotation of the shaft 33d is switched to low speed.

This speed change has the same effect as reversing the tool with respect to the material W, the tool moves backward by the machined screw, and after the tool is separated from the material W, the screw support shaft 33d is moved to the feed base 35 by the elasticity of the spring 41d. The collar 42 is also moved back by the spring 45 to complete the tapping process.

Next, the tool selection function of the NC device in this invention will be described.

The NC device has a T4-digit tool function, that is, the first two digits following the T address specify a tool selection number, and the bottom two digits specify a tool correction number.

In this invention, a unique tool selection number is defined for each of the cases where each tool is selected individually and when multiple tools are selected simultaneously, and by specifying this tool selection number, each tool can be selected individually and It is configured so that simultaneous tool selection commands can be issued for multiple tools.

In this example, in order to simplify the program, the number of tools that can be selected at the same time is limited to two, and a unique tool number (hereinafter referred to as T/%) is determined for each tool of the tool rest and drilling device. The TA of the tool to be selected is used as is for each of the first and second digits of the tool selection number specified by a two-digit number, and the TA of the tool to be selected is used as is for the first and second digits of the tool selection command. The numbers are configured to indicate T-4 of the tool that is simultaneously selected.

The following will explain based on this example.

As mentioned above, in this embodiment, the turret 3 is
, 4, 5° 6.1, and four tool axes 33a, 33b, 33c, 33d of the drilling device 102 are provided, and Ts of these is set in order as T1 to T9, and further unselected. (with none of the above tools selected)
Define O.

In this way, the machine program is converted into a T code (commands for tool selection and tool compensation).

When 'l'1409 is commanded, the NC device commands the simultaneous selection of tools on /I61 tool rest 3 and //64 tool rest 6, and for this selected tool, the tool set with tool compensation number 9 is commanded. Make corrections.

Similarly, when commanding T2803, the NC device returns //6
The second tool rest 4 and the rotary drill shaft 33c of the drilling device are simultaneously selected and work to perform tool correction with tool correction number 3.

Note that the tool correction is not directly related to the present invention, so a description thereof will be omitted.

Also, the tool selection command is actually a 4-digit T along with tool compensation.
Although it is commanded by a code, since the explanation will be complicated, the tool correction part will be omitted in the following explanation, and will be described as a tool selection command T○○ to distinguish it from the T code.

(In the above example, 'l'14 and T28) Next, various examples will be described about how to issue tool selection commands.

First, when no tool is to be selected (non-selected) or when all already selected tools are to be canceled, a tool selection command is issued using TOO.

If the current state (old selection) is non-selection, all (S) will be completed without operation, and if any tools are selected in the old selection, those tools will be deselected.

When selecting only one tool, specify the tool selection command using either the first or second digit of a two-digit number such as TOI to TO9 or Tl0 to T2O (N
The C device processes them as the same command).

There are three cases in which this tool selection is performed:

The first case is when a new tool selection is made from a state where no tools have been selected in the old selection, and the second case is when one or two tools have already been selected in the old selection, and this The third case is when two tools are simultaneously selected in the old selection and one of them is deselected.

In case #2, only the newly specified tool is selected, but in the second case, the currently selected tool is first deselected and then the newly specified tool is selected.

In the third case, the tool specified by the new tool selection command remains unchanged, and only the sole that was not specified (that is, the tool that received the cancellation command) is deselected.

When selecting two tools at the same time, the tool selection command is TAB (both A and B are the '' of the tools to be selected).
r-, 46).

In this case, even if the first and second digit T/16 are swapped, N
The C device processes them as the same command.

However, in the input tool selection command, if the combination of A and B above cannot be selected at the same time under the following conditions, the NC
The device is configured to issue an alarm signal and stop the machine.

The conditions that cannot be selected at the same time are (1) When the same T /16 is specified for A and B above (2
) When the combination is structurally impossible.

In other words, in the case of simultaneous selection of //61 and /162 tool rests or simultaneous selection of the same tool axes of a drilling machine (3) Combinations of adjacent tool rests that may cause tools and tool rests to interfere with each other if they are selected at the same time. When.

That is, when a combination of A61 and /I65 turrets, Kai 2 and Fu 3 turrets, /I64, 463 and O 5 turrets is used.

There are four cases in which two tools are selected simultaneously.

The first case is when a new tool is selected from a state where no tools have been selected in the old selection, and the second case is when one or two tools have already been selected in the old selection, and this is the case when a new tool is selected. The third case is when one tool is selected in the old selection and another new tool is selected, and the fourth case is when changing to two new tools. In this case, two tools are selected in the old selection and one of them is to be changed to another tool.

In the first case, only the two newly specified tools are selected at the same time, while in the second case, the currently selected tool is first deselected, and then the two specified tools are selected. Select at the same time.

In the third case, the currently selected tool is kept as it is and only the newly added specified tool is selected, and in the fourth case, the new tool selected in the old selection is first selected. The tool that was not specified by the tool selection command is deselected, and then the newly specified tool is selected.

At this time, the other tool that was selected in the old selection and also specified in the new tool selection command is held in the state of X, as in the third case, and the tool selection command is I have described how to do this and the associated operation, but in either case, when the NC device inputs a new tool selection command, it compares it with the current tool selection state and commands to cancel the selection of the ones that are different. , commands the newly specified tool to be selected.

To describe this in order using Fig. 11, when the NC device inputs a tool selection command for the machine program, the circuit inside the NC device first determines whether the selected tools can be combined, and if the combination is not possible, an alarm is issued. Give a signal to stop the machine.

If possible, the tool selection state of the old selection is detected from the tool post or the limit switch of the drilling device, and this is compared with the input command described above to determine whether they are the same. If they are the same, It is processed as if the tool selection is complete, and if it is different, the tool selection mechanism is instructed to cancel the selection of the different tool.

If a different tool is already in the deselected state, it is processed as deselected.

When the NC device receives the completion of selection, it then instructs the tool selection mechanism to select the designated tool.

For subsequent operations, tool selection is performed in the order already described in the description of the tool selection mechanism and drilling device of the tool post, completion signals are sent to the NC device by limit switches in each part, and several predetermined signals are used to select the tool. The NC device processes the tool selection as complete.

As described above, based on this example, N
We have explained the method of issuing a tool selection command to select multiple (two) tools at the same time with the C device, but the tool selection command for simultaneous selection can be combined with the T/% of the tools of each part to be selected and used as a tool selection number. This method is not limited to the case of this embodiment in which the tool consists of five turrets and four drilling devices.

If the number of tools installed on the tool post and drilling device is 9 or less, and the conditions of limiting the number of tools to be selected simultaneously to 2 are met, the above method can be used in the same manner as in this embodiment. .

For example, in the case of a tool configuration of a drilling machine with six tool rests and three tool axes, the TiI4° of the tool on the tool rest is T
1 to T6, the tool axes of the drilling device are T7, T8, and T9, and the tool rest and tool selection mechanism of the drilling device are configured similarly to those shown in the embodiments. Two tools can be selected simultaneously by a tool selection command with a tool selection number indicated by the combination l'-/16.

In addition, the tool selection function of the NC device constituting this invention uses the method of issuing a tool selection command for selecting multiple tools at the same time as explained in the above embodiment, that is, the 'l' of each tool to be selected as the tool selection number. The method is not limited to the method of specifying -s.

In other words, a unique tool selection number is determined for each tool selection individually and for simultaneous selection of multiple soles, regardless of the TA of each tool, and by specifying this tool selection number in the tool selection command, each tool is This is a method that allows you to select a single tool or select multiple tools at the same time.

The unique tool selection number is TOO for non-selection, then TOI for single selection, TO2, etc., then for simultaneous selection of two tools that can be combined. Then, assign tool selection numbers in the order of 0, followed by simultaneous selection of three tools that can be combined.

In an NC device with a 74-digit tool function, the tool selection number is TOO.
to T99, it is possible to command these tool selections even when there are a large number of tools or when there are many combinations of simultaneous selections.

When the NC device of this method inputs a tool selection command from a machine program, it decodes the tool selection number of this command, determines which tool selection command it is, detects the current tool selection state, and detects the current tool selection state. The system is configured to compare the status and input commands, determine the order in which tool selection should be performed in response to the input commands, and instruct the tool selection mechanism of the tool rest and drilling device to operate in a predetermined order. has been done.

In addition, in this method, the simultaneously selected tool selection numbers are determined for those that can be combined, so the NC device in this case does not need the function of determining whether or not the combination is possible in the case of the above-mentioned embodiment.

As described above, regarding the tool selection command method in this invention,
How to specify the tool selection number with T-s of each tool and T
- Method 2 of using a unique tool selection number regardless of the seat
As I mentioned before, the former is easy to program and convenient, but the conditions are that the number of tools that can be selected at the same time is limited to two, and that the number of tools to be equipped is nine or less.

Therefore, if the above condition is acceptable, the former method will be used, and if the number of simultaneously selected tools exceeds 2 or the number of equipped tools exceeds 9, the latter method will inevitably be used. A method will be taken.

As described in detail above, this invention has a configuration in which all the tool rests attached to the tool frame can be controlled by one feed screw, and each tool rest can be selected at any position on the tool rest by each connecting means. Tools can be selected or canceled, and these are controlled by a series of sequences. Compared to conventional NC automatic lathes with moving spindles, tools can be selected and canceled at any position more freely and quickly. The processing efficiency is extremely high.

Furthermore, by associating the drilling attachment and the tool rest of the tool frame with the T function of the NC, it is now possible to control each of these tools at the same time, making it possible to perform simultaneous machining that was previously impossible. It has extremely high machining efficiency compared to conventional NC automatic lathes.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a movable spindle type NC automatic lathe with a tool selection function according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view of the turret with the - section cut away, and Fig. 3 is a view of the turret seen from the back. , Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the flat 4-turret, and Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the V- in Fig. 2.
A sectional view taken along the V line, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the connecting means 15 and the feed lever 10, and FIG.
8 is a schematic diagram of the drilling device, FIG. 9 is a Z view of FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the operating order of tool selection of the drilling device. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the tool selection command. In the case, 100 is the bed, 101 is the headstock, 102
is a hole drilling device, 103 is a tool frame 3゜4.5,6
, 7 is a tool rest, 8, 9, 10, 11° 12 is a feed lever, 13, 14, 15, 16° 1γ is a connecting means, 18 is a first feed slide, 19 is a second feed slide, 20 is a ball screw, 21 is a feed slide base, 22 is an X-axis servo motor, 32 is a turret, 33a, 33b, 33c. 33d is a tool shaft, 35 is a feed table mechanism, 36 is a talent indexing mechanism, 344 is a clutch, 347 is a speed change cylinder,
354a, 354b, 354c. 354d is a stopper.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A moving headstock type automatic lathe having a drilling device having a plurality of tool slides arranged radially with respect to the material and moving toward the center of the material, and a plurality of tool axes at positions facing the material. First, there is one servo motor that controls a plurality of tool slides, a feed screw that is rotationally driven by the servo motor and has two threaded parts with different twist directions, and a screw threaded into each of the threaded parts. two feed slides that move in opposite directions as a result of the rotation of the feed screw; and a feed slide corresponding to each tool slide for transmitting the movement of the feed slide to each of the plurality of tool slides. The same number of feed levers, the same number of coupling means as the number of feed levers for simultaneously connecting or disengaging one or more of the feed levers to the feed slide at any position on the feed slide, and the tool slides being connected to the feed slide in the radial direction with respect to the workpiece. and an adjustment means that can be manually adjusted in the axial direction; a turret on which the plurality of tool axes are arranged; and a turret that rotates in both forward and reverse directions to adjust the axis of each of the tool axes. A turret indexing mechanism that indexes to the center of the material, a feed table mechanism that moves the tool axis indexed to the center of the material toward the material, an adjustment means that can manually adjust the advancing position of each tool axis, and the tool axis. The tool selection mechanism of the drilling machine, which is composed of a transmission mechanism that transmits rotation to a rotatably installed tool shaft and can change its speed, inputs the tool selection command of the machine program, and controls the current tool selection. It is comprised of an NC device that can detect the state, compare it with the inputted tool selection command, determine the order in which to execute the tool selection command, and output an operation command to the tool selection mechanism of the tool rest and drilling device. , the tool selection mechanism of the tool rest or drilling device is activated in accordance with the tool selection command of the NC device, so that a single tool or a plurality of tools can be selected at the same time. NC automatic lathe with tool selection function.