JPS5831706B2 - Mitsupeishiki alkaline chikudenchi - Google Patents
Mitsupeishiki alkaline chikudenchiInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5831706B2 JPS5831706B2 JP50093624A JP9362475A JPS5831706B2 JP S5831706 B2 JPS5831706 B2 JP S5831706B2 JP 50093624 A JP50093624 A JP 50093624A JP 9362475 A JP9362475 A JP 9362475A JP S5831706 B2 JPS5831706 B2 JP S5831706B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- battery
- hydrogen gas
- potential
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- PLLZRTNVEXYBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cd+2] PLLZRTNVEXYBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は密閉式アルカリ蓄電池に関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a sealed alkaline storage battery.
この種電池の代表的なものとしてニッケルーカドミウム
電池が挙げられ、密閉化のために陽極（水酸化ニッケル
）の容量に比して陰極（水酸化カドミウム）の容量を犬
ならしめ、充電時には陽極が完全充電状態に至っても陰
極には未還元物質が残存している状態とし、発生ガスを
陽極よりの酸素ガスのみとしてこの酸素ガスを陰極で消
失させる構成としている。A typical example of this type of battery is the nickel-cadmium battery, in which the capacity of the cathode (cadmium hydroxide) is made equal to the capacity of the anode (nickel hydroxide) in order to seal it. Even when the battery reaches a fully charged state, unreduced substances remain at the cathode, and the gas generated is only oxygen gas from the anode, and this oxygen gas is dissipated at the cathode.
而るに、例えば銀−亜鉛、ニッケルー亜鉛、ニッケルー
鉄の如き系における電池においては陰極活物質としてエ
ネルギー密度が高く、比較的安価で、しかも無公害であ
る物質を使用しているため電池としては非常に有利であ
るが、反面これら陰極活物質は放置中にアルカリ電解液
と反応（自己放電）し水素ガスが発生する。However, for example, in batteries based on systems such as silver-zinc, nickel-zinc, and nickel-iron, materials that have high energy density, are relatively inexpensive, and are non-polluting are used as cathode active materials, so they are suitable for use as batteries. Although this is very advantageous, on the other hand, these cathode active materials react with the alkaline electrolyte (self-discharge) during storage and generate hydrogen gas.
そのため、上記せる系の電池を密閉状態とした場合、た
とえ陰極容量を陽極容量より犬ならしめても放置中にお
いて水素ガスが発生し、電池内圧が上昇して電池容器を
破壊するか、或いは破壊するに至らないまでも安全弁が
頻繁に作動することになり、その結果アルカリ電解液が
霧状となって外部に飛散して液量が減少し電池性能が劣
化すると共にアルカリ液は腐蝕性であるため電池を組込
んだ機器内部を損傷せしめる懸念があり、更に安全弁の
頻繁な作動により水素ガスが電池外部に放出されて機器
内部に蓄積し、機器スイッチの開閉等により引火爆発す
る恐れがある。Therefore, if the battery of the above system is sealed, even if the cathode capacity is made smaller than the anode capacity, hydrogen gas will be generated while the battery is left unused, and the internal pressure of the battery will rise, destroying the battery container or destroying it. Even if it does not reach this level, the safety valve will operate frequently, and as a result, the alkaline electrolyte becomes atomized and scatters outside, reducing the amount of liquid and deteriorating battery performance.Also, since alkaline electrolyte is corrosive, There is a risk of damaging the inside of the device in which the battery is installed.Furthermore, due to frequent activation of the safety valve, hydrogen gas may be released to the outside of the battery and accumulate inside the device, and there is a risk of ignition and explosion due to opening and closing of the device switch, etc.
このような問題を解決するための一方法として電池内部
に発生する水素ガスを触媒電極を用いて電池内で消失さ
せる方法が提案されているが利用する触媒としてはパラ
ジウム、白金、銀等の貴金属でありコスト面でなお問題
があった。As a way to solve this problem, a method has been proposed in which the hydrogen gas generated inside the battery is dissipated within the battery using a catalyst electrode, but the catalyst used is precious metals such as palladium, platinum, and silver. However, there was still a problem in terms of cost.
本発明の目的はこの種電池、即ち電池放置中において自
己放電し水素ガスを発生する陰極活物質を用いた電池の
密閉化を安価なる水素ガス消失電極を用いて可能ならし
める点にある。An object of the present invention is to make it possible to seal this type of battery, that is, a battery using a cathode active material that self-discharges and generates hydrogen gas when the battery is left unused, using an inexpensive hydrogen gas dissipating electrode.
さて、従来より化学の分野、特に有機化学の領域におい
てはニッケル或いはその化合物（例えばラネーニッケル
）が水素添加用触媒として有効に利用されている。Now, in the field of chemistry, particularly in the field of organic chemistry, nickel or its compounds (for example, Raney nickel) have been effectively used as hydrogenation catalysts.
そこで本発明者は前述せるニッケル或いはその化合物が
電池内における水素ガスのイオン解離化、即ち水素ガス
の消失に利用できないかと検討したところ、ニッケル或
いはその化合物よりなる多孔性電極は水素標準電極に対
して一〇、 ３ Ｖ乃至０．８■の電位においては水素
ガスを消失させ得ることが判明した。Therefore, the present inventor investigated whether the above-mentioned nickel or its compound could be used for ion dissociation of hydrogen gas in a battery, that is, for the disappearance of hydrogen gas, and found that the porous electrode made of nickel or its compound could be used for the hydrogen standard electrode. It has been found that hydrogen gas can be quenched at a potential of 10,3 V to 0.8 V.
従って密閉状態で上記多孔性電極の電位を前述せる範囲
内に持続的に保持することができるならば水素ガスの蓄
積による電池内圧の上昇を防止することができる。Therefore, if the potential of the porous electrode can be continuously maintained within the above-mentioned range in a sealed state, it is possible to prevent the internal pressure of the battery from increasing due to the accumulation of hydrogen gas.
而るにニッケル或いはその化合物よりなる電極の電位は
一般に、
Ｎ １００Ｈ＋Ｈ２０＋ｅ ｔＮｔ（ＯＨ）２ ＋ＯＨ
の平衡電位を示し、その電位はアルカリ電解液のもとで
は水素標準電極に対して約＋〇、 ５ Ｖである。However, the potential of an electrode made of nickel or its compound is generally N100H+H20+e tNt(OH)2 +OH
It exhibits an equilibrium potential of approximately +0.5 V with respect to a hydrogen standard electrode in an alkaline electrolyte.
つまり通常の方法でニッケル或いはその化合物よりなる
電極をアルカリ電解液を用いる電池内に組込でもその電
位を−０，３Ｖ乃至−０，８Ｖの範囲内に保持させるこ
とは電気化学的理論からして不可能である。In other words, even if an electrode made of nickel or its compound is incorporated into a battery using an alkaline electrolyte using the normal method, it is impossible from electrochemical theory to maintain the potential within the range of -0.3V to -0.8V. It is impossible.
斯る点に着目し、本発明者はアルカリ電解液中において
水素標準電極に対して一〇、７３Ｖの電位を有する金属
コバルトよりなる電位規制用電極を上記多孔性電極に電
気接続し、多孔性電極の電位を−０，３Ｖ乃至−０，８
Ｖに規制することにより水素ガスを消失せしめこの種電
池の密閉化を計るものである。Focusing on this point, the present inventor electrically connected a potential regulating electrode made of metal cobalt having a potential of 10.73 V with respect to a hydrogen standard electrode in an alkaline electrolyte to the porous electrode, and The potential of the electrode is set from -0.3V to -0.8V.
By regulating the hydrogen gas to V, hydrogen gas is eliminated and this type of battery is sealed.
以下、本発明の一実施例を密閉式ニッケルー亜鉛電池に
ついて説明するに第１図において、１は水酸化ニッケル
を活物質とする陽極と亜鉛を活物質とする陰極よりなる
主電極群、２はＮｉ粉末を焼結してなる水素ガス消失電
極、３はニッケルメッキした鉄板の両面に３００〜３５
０メツシユの金属コバルト粉末を焼結したコバルト焼結
板よりなる電位規制用電極であり、前記水素ガス消失電
極２に電気接続されている。Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be explained regarding a sealed nickel-zinc battery. In FIG. 1, 1 is a main electrode group consisting of an anode with nickel hydroxide as an active material and a cathode with zinc as an active material; Hydrogen gas dissipation electrode made by sintering Ni powder, 3 is 300-35 on both sides of a nickel-plated iron plate.
This is a potential regulating electrode made of a cobalt sintered plate obtained by sintering 0 mesh metal cobalt powder, and is electrically connected to the hydrogen gas dissipation electrode 2.
４，５は陽、陰極端子である。4 and 5 are positive and negative terminals.
尚、水素ガス消失電極２は３相界面に配置され、電解液
はその量が規制されている。Note that the hydrogen gas dissipation electrode 2 is placed at the three-phase interface, and the amount of electrolyte is regulated.
第２図は密閉式ニッケルー亜鉛電池の密閉後における放
置期間と電池内圧との関係を示す特性しであり、本発明
電池は水素ガス消失電極を有し乙い従来電池に比して電
池内圧が極めて低く保持とれていることがわかる。Figure 2 shows the characteristics of a sealed nickel-zinc battery that shows the relationship between the storage period after being sealed and the battery internal pressure. It can be seen that it is kept extremely low.
このようにニッケル或いはその化合物よりなく多孔性電
極を水素標準電極に対して一〇、３■乃ｊ−０，８Ｖの
電位に規制することにより水素ガス弓効率的に消失させ
る理由は未だ明らかでないが、上記電位範囲においてニ
ッケルが水素ガスのイ１ン解離化に対して活性となるた
めであろうと推演される。It is still not clear why the hydrogen gas arc is efficiently dissipated by regulating the potential of the porous electrode to 10.3 to 0.8 V with respect to the hydrogen standard electrode rather than using nickel or its compounds. However, it is speculated that this is because nickel becomes active for ion dissociation of hydrogen gas in the above potential range.
上述した如く、本発明は亜鉛、鉄等のようにフルカリ電
解液と反応して水素を発生する物質をぼ極活物質として
利用せる電池において、ニツケノＬ或いはその化合物よ
りなる水素ガス消失電極と、金属コバルトよりなる電位
規制用電極とを電池−に組み込むと共に水素ガス消失電
極と電位規制片電極とを電気接続し水素ガス消失電極電
位を水葬標準電極に対して−０，３ｖ乃至−〇、ＳＶの
電位Ｃζ規制することにより、電池放置中において電池
１部に発生する水素ガスを継続的に消失せしめるもので
あり、従来水素ガス消失用の触媒として利汗されている
高価な貴金属を用いることなく安価にこの種電池の密閉
化を可能ならしめることができその工業的価値は極めて
犬なるものである。As mentioned above, the present invention provides a battery in which a substance that generates hydrogen by reacting with a fluoroelectrolyte, such as zinc or iron, is used as a polar active material, and a hydrogen gas dissipation electrode made of Nitsukeno L or a compound thereof; A potential regulation electrode made of metallic cobalt is incorporated into the battery, and the hydrogen gas dissipation electrode and the potential regulation piece electrode are electrically connected to set the potential of the hydrogen gas dissipation electrode to -0.3V to -0, SV with respect to the water standard electrode. By regulating the potential Cζ of the battery, hydrogen gas generated in one part of the battery can be continuously dissipated while the battery is left unused, without using expensive precious metals that are conventionally used as catalysts for dissipating hydrogen gas. It is possible to seal this type of battery at low cost, and its industrial value is extremely high.
第１図は本発明電池の概略断面図、第２図は本発明電池
と従来電池との放置期間に対する電池巴圧の変化を示す
特性比較図である。
１・・・・・・主電極群、２・・・・・・水素ガス消失
電極、３・・・・・・電位規制用電極。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic comparison diagram showing changes in battery voltage with respect to storage periods between the battery of the present invention and a conventional battery. 1...Main electrode group, 2...Hydrogen gas dissipation electrode, 3...Potential regulation electrode.
Claims (1)
り犬なる容量を・有し亜鉛又は鉄を活物質とする陰極と
、ニッケル或いはニッケル化合物よりなる水素ガス消失
電極と、コバルトよりなる電位規制用電極とを備え、前
記水素ガス消失電極と電位規制用電極とを電気接続し、
水素ガス消失電極電位を標準水素電極に対して−０，３
Ｖ乃至−〇、８■の電位に規制せしめたことを特徴とす
る密閉式アルカリ蓄電池。1. An anode made of silver or nickel as an active material, a cathode with zinc or iron as an active material and having a larger capacity than the anode, a hydrogen gas dissipation electrode made of nickel or a nickel compound, and a potential regulating electrode made of cobalt. an electrode, electrically connecting the hydrogen gas dissipation electrode and the potential regulating electrode,
Hydrogen gas dissipation electrode potential -0.3 with respect to standard hydrogen electrode
A sealed alkaline storage battery characterized by being regulated to a potential of V to -〇, 8■.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50093624A JPS5831706B2 (en) | 1975-07-30 | 1975-07-30 | Mitsupeishiki alkaline chikudenchi |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50093624A JPS5831706B2 (en) | 1975-07-30 | 1975-07-30 | Mitsupeishiki alkaline chikudenchi |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5217626A JPS5217626A (en) | 1977-02-09 |
| JPS5831706B2 true JPS5831706B2 (en) | 1983-07-07 |
Family
ID=14087469
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50093624A Expired JPS5831706B2 (en) | 1975-07-30 | 1975-07-30 | Mitsupeishiki alkaline chikudenchi |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5831706B2 (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-07-30 JP JP50093624A patent/JPS5831706B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5217626A (en) | 1977-02-09 |
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