JPS5842897B2 - How to get started - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] There are different types of white blood cells: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, each of which is produced in different parts of the body and has different functions.・Ru.

Therefore, by counting the white blood cells in the blood by type, or by understanding the changes in each type of white blood cell,
It can contribute to the diagnosis of diseases.

This invention, as part of the above-mentioned white blood cell test,
The purpose is to classify, detect, and count neutrophils, and this will be explained below with reference to illustrated embodiments.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a sample consisting of a preparation containing blood cells, which is placed on a stage 2 that can be moved in the X direction. It is illuminated via lens 6.

A projection microscope 7 is arranged above the sample 1, and this microscope 7 includes an objective lens 8, an eyepiece 9, and a reflector 10.
, and has a screen 11 on which the magnifying glass of the sample 1 is projected.

On the back side of the screen 11, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of light guides 13a to 13n are arranged in a row in the Y direction perpendicular to the moving direction X of the sample image 12 as the mounting table 2 moves. It is combined with L.

The other ends of these light guides are respectively light receiving elements 14a to 14.
The light receiving signals of each element are supplied to AND circuits 15a to 15n, respectively.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a time division circuit, which sequentially outputs time division pulses a at different times in synchronization with the clock pulse given as input 17.
to
n, and the light reception signals of each of the light receiving elements 14a to 14n are sampled in a time-division manner.

The sample outputs of these AND circuits 15a to 15n are
Combined onto a common output line 18, a series of sample scanning signals A is obtained.

In addition, the time division circuit 16 supplies the X direction drive pulse X to the X direction drive mechanism 19 during the blank period when the generation of the time division signals a-n has completed, and moves the sample stage 2 in the X direction at a constant rate. Move by small distances.

When the sample scanning device 20 described above is used to sequentially scan white blood cells one by one to obtain a sample scanning signal A, the sample scanning signal differs depending on the type of white blood cell as follows.

That is, basophils have a prominent nucleus (on the other hand,
Since it has a large number of granules, when the sample scanning signal A is extracted and counted at an amplitude level or higher, the counted value shows a certain large value.

Therefore, this fact can be utilized for selection.

Block 21 shown in FIG. 3 is a basophil selection device based on this principle, and its output Qb is a signal indicating that the basophils are not basophils.

In addition, eosinophils have a much lower light transmittance in cell parts other than the nucleus than other types of white blood cells, so the sample scanning signal A
The value obtained by extracting and counting the portion at a level where all types of white blood cells are detected is approximately equal to the value obtained by extracting and counting the portion at a higher level.

Therefore, by utilizing this fact, eosinophils can be selected.

Block 22 in FIG. 3 is an eosinophil selection device based on this principle, and its output Qe is a signal indicating that it is not an eosinophil.

Furthermore, while monocytes and lymphocytes +'4 nuclei have relatively simple shapes, neutrophils have complex-shaped nuclei.

This means that neutrophils have a large nuclear circumference relative to their nuclear area.According to the inventor's research, when the magnification for measurement is N, as shown in Figure 4, The ratio of nuclear circumference to nuclear area is 2.13N.

( )cm'', monocytes and lymphocytes are distributed toward the lower L., and neutrophils are distributed toward the higher L.
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In Fig. 3, 23 is a nuclear area calculation device, which extracts only the portion corresponding to the cell nucleus from the sample scanning signal A based on the level difference, and calculates the signal extracted throughout the scanning period of one white blood cell. is counted to obtain the nuclear area Na.

Further, 24 is a nuclear circumference calculation device that calculates the number of changes in the signal of the cell nucleus portion in the sample scanning signal A mentioned above during Y-direction scanning, as well as changes that appear between adjacent portions in the previous Y-direction scan. By counting the number of times, the nuclear circumference Nt is approximately determined.

25 is a division circuit which divides the nuclear circumference Nt by the nuclear area Na to find the ratio Ka of the two.

A numerical signal indicating this ratio is compared in a comparator 26 with a numerical signal Kb given by a setter 27, and K
A comparison output is generated when a is thicker than Kb.

This set value is determined by considering the distribution curve in Figure 4, Kb=
2.0.

The output Qb of the basophil sorting device 21 and the output Qes of the eosinophil velocity separate device 22 are supplied to the AND circuit 27 together with a control pulse.

That is, when the control pulse arrives, the signal Qb indicates that it is not a basophil, the signal Qe indicates that it is not an eosinophil, and the output of the comparator 26 indicates that it is a monocyte or a lymphocyte. However, if L is shown, it is determined that the white blood cells under test are neutrophils, and an AND output is generated.

This AND output sets the flip-flop 28,
Generates a signal Qn indicating that it is a neutrophil.

Then, this flip-flop is connected to the next white blood cell.
It is reset before performing the inspection.

The AND output is also supplied to a counter 29, which counts each neutrophil detected.

This counter is reset after completing the L test on sample 1.

As described above, according to the present invention, the signal Qn is emitted every time a neutrophil is detected, so the number of neutrophils in the sample can be counted, and the neutrophil signal Qn can be used to detect the neutrophils. This signal Q can be used to automatically operate a ball property inspection device.
Using n, it becomes possible to assist in the classification of other types of white blood cells.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a sample scanning device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the above-mentioned device, FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an embodiment of this invention, and FIG. 4 is a distribution curve diagram of monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Each part of the white blood cell sample divided into minute quanta is two-dimensionally scanned in sequence by high-speed scanning in the Y direction and low-speed scanning in the a sample scanning device that detects as a scanning signal; a basophil sorting device that generates a signal indicating when the white blood cells under test are not basophils based on the sample scanning signal; Based on the sample scanning signal, an eosinophil sorting device generates a signal indicating when the white blood cell under test is not an eosinophil; a device for calculating the area of the nucleus of the white blood cell under test based on the sample scanning signal; and a division circuit for calculating the ratio of the calculated nuclear circumference to the nuclear area. , a comparator that generates a signal when the above-mentioned ratio is above a predetermined value, and a comparator that generates a signal when the above-mentioned basophil sorting device, eosinophil sorting device, and comparator are generated simultaneously, and when the white blood cells under test are preferred. A basophil selection device consisting of a circuit that generates a signal indicating that the basophil is a basophil.