JPS5846372B2 - Floor-mounted forging press with a piston fixed in the working direction on the top with a coaxial bore for the supply of pressure medium and a moving cylinder serving as a tool holder - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a floor-mounted forging press, which includes a piston fixed in the working direction at the top, a cylinder as a tool holder that slides on the piston according to the working stroke, and a moving cylinder. It relates to a type having a coaxial bore guided through the piston and the piston for supplying pressure medium to the piston.

In conventionally known multi-cylinder or single-cylinder type C forging presses, eccentric forces occur where the C force causes a lateral or tilting movement of the C tool holder, such as a barb during the movement of the press.

In order to better accommodate this force, in a structure with a fixed cylinder and a movable piston, the force of the piston is transferred to the tool through a plurality of ball sockets and a shoe surrounding the ball sockets. The signal is transmitted to the holding body.

In this case, the spherically turned shoe head allows lateral and tilting movements of the press fins.

Also in this case, at least two pistons are arranged in one forging press.

Typically, a guide ram provides central guidance of the press movement.

This guide ram is known as the so-called "Davy Pin J".

A piston moves within a stationary cylinder.

The supply of pressure medium in this case takes place on the cylinder side, so that the effective surface of the piston can be closed.

(Ernst □Niller, Hydraulic Presses and Pressure Medium Devices, Volume 1, Forging Presses, 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin/Göttingen/Heitelberg, 196
2nd year, pages 32-34 and 48-64 especially 59
(See Figures 50 and 51 on page 63).

A disadvantage of the above-mentioned known presses is that when using sockets and shoes for force transmission, the press cylinder must always be of fixed design in order to ensure the supply of pressure medium.

In yet another known single cylinder press, the cylinder performs a stroke movement and the piston is stationary.

This cylinder is additionally guided from the outside.

The piston, which is fixedly raised in the press, must in this case, in a well-adjusted machine, be forced to take part in the above-mentioned guiding action.

From a structural point of view, this means a harmonized operation of each guide, which in practice can only function satisfactorily if the cylinder guidance from the outside is optimally adjusted.

In practice and especially in forging operations, it is extremely difficult to carry out such an optimal adjustment by such means.

The object of the invention is therefore, on the one hand, to maintain an adequate supply of pressure medium in the cylinder chamber of a cylinder moving according to the stroke of the press when using a ball socket and shoe, and on the other hand, This avoids the disadvantages commonly occurring in the coordination of each guide and prevents the main bushing and plug between the cylinder and the piston under all working conditions, including for example when wear occurs in the guide. The aim is to provide the premise that the bushing is sufficiently unloaded by the guide element and that wear in that area is kept extremely low.

In this connection, the guide elements in direct contact with the working medium, insofar as unavoidable friction in the medium remains and, despite the filter elements, can cause damage to sensitive parts such as pumps and control elements. It should be mentioned that there are also risks.

According to the present invention, in a floor-type forging press of the type mentioned at the outset, the piston is formed as a hollow piston, and a plurality of ball sockets are provided between the piston head and the lift. This is satisfactorily solved by the fact that the ball socket is pivoted via a shoe surrounding the ball socket of the ball socket and is further held in the vertical direction by means of a holding member.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, as a holding element for the piston, a pressure medium supply pipe element located centrally on the cylinder axis is arranged in the raised bore of the press and is sealed; In addition, this pipe member has a ball socket and a shoe,
It extends through a piston head connected to the lower ball socket of the hollow piston, with another seal disposed between the tube member and the piston head; is raised or fixed in the piston head, for example by screwing.

This allows the piston, which is fixed by the ball socket, the shoe, etc., into the cylinder chamber of the so-called moving cylinder, and the ribs, which extend through the holes in the ball socket, the shoe, and the piston head, and which are attached to the piston head. It is possible to carry out the supply of pressure medium by means of a tube element which is sealed off.

In this case, it is not necessary to abandon the known advantages of using a ball socket and shoe.

This advantage avoids only one-sided wear of the main bushing and plug bushing and the resulting non-sealing of the seal and the formation of grooves on the piston surface.

This moving cylinder can also be used as a tool holder without any problems, with the cylinder being guided from the outside in the press frame.

This eliminates the need for special exercise gear.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the tubular member is centrally arranged and the tilting, lateral movement, etc. caused to the piston by the type of operation of the press is within the range of the piston head or the range of the press ridges. The tube member is designed to be received by a deformable seal.

In this case, the tube part is designed to be rigid so that a lateral displacement of the piston is accommodated by a sealing material between the piston head and the tube part.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, the design of the centrally located tubular member accommodates, within the elastic range of the tubular member, the inclinations and lateral movements imposed on the piston by the type of operation of the press. It is made to be obtained.

That is, the tube has only such a wall thickness that any tilting or lateral movement of the cylinder is accommodated by the tube directly via the piston.

In this case, the forces that can occur when adjusting the external guidance to the cylinder in the press frame do not cause any deformation effects and therefore no misadjustments to the press center can occur.

This ensures that the cylinder is always guided centrally.

In a further embodiment, the ball socket located in the upper region of the tube member centered within the rib is centered in contact with the inner surface of the tube member and in the lower region of the tube member on the piston head. A contacting ball socket is disposed with a fit on the inner wall of the piston.

This keeps the upper ball socket in the center of the press, while the lower ball socket shares the lateral movement that exposes the piston head.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the centrally arranged tubular part is provided with a shoulder which, when the tubular part is screwed into the raised part, fits into a corresponding recess in the piston head. Advantageously, if the tube member is screwed into the piston head, it is placed in contact with the raised recess.

Normally, the piston is firmly pressed against the shaft through a ball socket and a shoe by hydraulic pressure generated between the piston head and the cylinder.

The arrangement of the shoulder on the side of the tube opposite the screwed part makes it possible to additionally hold the piston together with the ball socket and the shoe.

There are certain limits to structures in which a hollow piston is suspended in an elevated position by a rigid or elastic tube member, and the load resulting from the uneven working force is received by a separate seal or by the elasticity of the tube member itself. be.

This is determined, in part, by the elastic deformation of the tubular member.

One is regarding the maximum diameter of the holes for the supply of pressure medium to the moving cylinder, and the other is that certain limits are imposed on the working pressure of the pressure medium.

In special cases, e.g. in larger presses where a large amount of pressure medium is supplied to the cylinder per unit of time, or at higher and highest press pressures, the above-mentioned suspension of the piston with holes fixed through the structure in question Format is not enough.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, therefore, a spherically mounted pin is provided as a holding element for the piston, with which the piston can be moved via the flange of the piston, one in the piston. The other thing is that the ball sockets placed in the center of the raised ball sockets and the shoe surrounded by the ball sockets between the ball sockets have no play, and when the ball sockets are raised, they are tensioned elastically and freely. It is determined.

Furthermore, in this case, the ball socket and the shoe attached thereto are provided with a hole for supplying pressure medium, and are further sealed from the outside by two gaskets arranged on the hole cashew. .

The main piston is freely supported and spring-elastically suspended via elements known per se, such as ball sockets and shoes surrounding these sockets, so that the piston is free from the movement of the cylinder that occurs in the forging operation. changes in the adjustment position within the guide, such as tilting or lateral movement.

The pressure medium can be easily guided to the cylinder through the raised ball socket and holes in the piston head.
This is because the diameter of the hole in question can be varied as required, and the hole is sealed from the outside by a gasket.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the seals are respectively arranged at the level of the center points of the radii of curvature of the spherical portions of the shoes, and the seal support rings are each releasably connected to the shoes.

Due to the arrangement of the seal at the height of the center point of the radius of curvature, only minimal movements occur at this location during the swinging movement of the shoe, ie the seal is only slightly deformed here.

The packing support ring shares the movement of the shoe with the packing so that it does not cause any deformation effects on the packing.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the spring-elastic tensioning element between the pin and the lifter for spring-elastically suspending the main piston consists of a disc spring unit.

This disc spring unit has a steep spring force characteristic suitable for good spring elastic retention and suspension of the piston in the raised position.

Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the invention, the spherical portions of the ball socket and the shoe are located within the working medium.

Due to the fact that the seal is arranged on the outside of the shoe opposite the inner surface of the piston, the contact surfaces between the ball socket and the shoe are located in the working medium, i.e. hydraulic oil, and are advantageously lubricated thereby. There is.

In the case of the normal runout occurring in the press at the external diameter applied to the piston for a given pressing force, for example with a working pressure of 315 bar, ideal values for the division of this external diameter can be obtained using the piston structure according to the invention. It will be done.

This means that the shoe can be made structurally sufficiently stable despite the arrangement of the holes.

This is especially true when the cylinder is filled with a medium without pressure, or for such cases relatively large passage holes must be provided through the ball socket, shoe or piston head. This also applies to cases.

The invention will now be explained with reference to the illustrated embodiment.

Free forging press, raised 2, lowered 3, and both raised 2
, 3, a cylinder 6 moving in an adjustable guide 5 is guided in the press frame 1, which consists of side walls and guide elements 4 connecting the lateral walls and guide members 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, .

An upper tool 7 is held on the lower surface of this cylinder 6.

A corresponding lower tool 8 is fixed on the lowered 3.

In FIG. 1, a hollow piston 9 is guided in a cylinder 6 via a main bush 10, a seal 11 and a plug bush 12 arranged in the cylinder 6.
is fixed to the end face of the cylinder 6 via a plug-shaped bushing flange 13.

A tube member 15 is guided through the piston head 14, and this tube member 15 extends into the raised hole 2 through the respective holes of the lower ball socket 16, the shoe 17, and the upper ball socket 18. There is.

This tube member 15 is screwed in the raised 2 with an external thread 19.

Through a further hole in the raised 2, the pressure medium is guided through the interior of the tube element 15 into the space between the piston head 14 and the cylinder 6.

To resist pressure medium losses, a sealing material 21 is arranged between the raised 2 and the tube part 15 on the one hand, and a further sealing material 22 between the piston head 14 and the pipe part 15 on the other hand. .

In order to better retain the piston 9 with the ball sockets 16, 18 and the shoe 17 surrounded by them, a shoulder 23 is provided on the centrally arranged tube member 15;
This shoulder 23 is arranged in a recess 24 in the piston head 14.

The upper ball socket 18 is centered at the lower surface of the raised 2, and the lower ball socket 16 in contact with the piston head 14 is brought into contact with the inner wall of the piston 9 with a fit. .

In FIG. 1, the tube element is designed as a so-called elastic tube element 15, the wall thickness of which is thinner, at least over the length of the shoe, than at the point of insertion into the raised 2 and piston head 14. It has become.

The horn-shaped ends of the shoe 17 have the same radius of curvature as the ball sockets 16 and 18.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 is basically the same as that of FIG. 1, but
A tube member 15 is located in the notch 24a in the raised 2 with its shoulder 23 and is screwed into the piston head 14 with an external thread 19.

A corresponding sealing material 21a is arranged on the underside of the external thread 19 in the piston head 14 and a shoulder 23 in the raised 2
Another sealing material 22a is arranged below.

In this case, the pressure medium is also supplied from the raised part 2 to the cylinder 6 through the inside of the pipe member.
1 and 22 avoid leakage losses.

As in FIG. 1, in FIG. 2, the positions of the earth tool 7 and the cylinder 6 when placed above the lower tool 8 are shown by chain lines.

FIG. 3 shows a centrally located resilient tubular member 15 connected with an external thread 19 within the raised 2; It also has a sealing material 21.

In other respects it corresponds to FIG.

However, FIG. 3 shows the eccentric force F that occurs during the forging operation and acts on the earth tool 7, and this force F causes the moving cylinder 6 connected to the upper tool 7 to move its right side towards the lower guide. 5, and its left side is strongly abutted against the upper guide 5.

The moment causing this tilting effect on the cylinder 6 is transmitted via the main bushing 10 to the stationary piston 9 and thus causes a shoulder 2 in the recess 24 of the piston head 14.
It is transmitted to the tube member 15 located at 3.

The design of the dimensions of this tube element 150, in particular the wall thickness, makes it possible for the tube element 15 to elastically accept the above-mentioned deformation effects, in which case the pressing force is applied to the piston head 14 and the ball socket 16. and a shoe 17 enclosed between the ball socket and the ball socket.

This does not impede the supply of pressure medium through the tube element 15, which elastically accommodates the tilting effects and lateral movements of the cylinder 6.

In this case, the force-induced moment of the pressing described above does not adversely affect the main bushing 10, the plug-shaped bushing 12, and the piston surface 9a.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is essentially the same as in FIG.
1.

However, in this embodiment the tube part is designed as a rigid tube with a correspondingly large wall thickness.

Seal material 22 between tube member 15 and piston head 14
is designed here as an elastic sealing element 22, which prevents eccentric loading effects, tilting movements and lateral movements occurring on the cylinder during the working process via the main bushing 10 on the piston 9. It is becoming accepted.

In this case, the outer surface of the lower ball socket 16 is in contact with the inner wall of the piston 9 with a fit, so that the above-mentioned pushing forces are applied to the ball socket 16, the shoe 17, and the ball at this location as well. They can be properly adjusted and transmitted to each other through the socket 18 to the raised two.

5, 6, 7 and 8 show an alternative construction of a movable piston arranged in the upper part of a forging press.

FIG. 5 shows a floor-mounted forging press 101 in a frame structure with a raised 102 and a lowered 103 and a side member 104 that connects these beams and is formed as a guide.

The moving cylinder 105 is centrally guided in an adjustable or fixed guide 106 of the side member 104.

An upper tool 107 is directly attached to the bottom of the cylinder 105.

A corresponding lower tool 108 is fixed on the lowered 103.

A retraction rod 109 is engaged with the cylinder 105 and is connected via a cross beam 110 to a retraction cylinder unit 111 arranged on the raised 102 .

In the moving cylinder 105 a main piston 112 slides, which main piston 112 is guided via a main bush 113 arranged in the cylinder 105 and is held between a plug bush 114 and a main bush 113. Patsukin 1
15 to the cylinder 105.

A hole 117 is provided in the piston flange 116 disposed above the main piston/112.

Balls 119 are fixed to both ends of a pin 118 guided through this hole 117.

A main piston 112 is swingably suspended above a lower ball 119.

This suspension is achieved by a disc spring unit 121 located in the hole 120 of the raised 102, which is connected to a plate 122 fixed above the raised 102.
is held by.

The main piston 112 is suspended by a spherical bearing on a disc spring unit 121 via a pin 118 with balls 119 at both ends.

The spring-elastic tensioning of the main piston 112 against the raised 102 is caused by the notch 123 in the raised 102 and the main piston 1
This is done by upper and lower ball sockets 125 arranged between another notch 124 in 12 and a shoe 126 surrounded between the two main sockets.

In this case, the design of the disc spring unit 121 is such that the iron blood spring unit can withstand stress that is many times the weight of the main piston 112, ball socket 125, shoe 126, etc., that is, the stress including friction generated during the guiding operation. It is made to be retainable and acceptable.

As a result, the shoe 126 enclosed between the main piston 112, the upper and lower ball sockets 125, and both main sockets,
The assumption is that the parts to be tightened, such as the raised 102, are placed tightly against each other without any play.

This addresses the well-known phenomenon that members that are loosely placed relative to each other can beat rhythmically under pressure.

A shoe 126, which is spherically supported in ball sockets 125 at both ends, is provided with a gasket 127 on its outer diameter on both ends, and on the side facing the spherical end of the shoe 126. The seal 127 is held by a respective seal support ring 128 which is arranged (FIGS. 6, 7 and 8).

The holes 129 extend from the raised ball socket 102 to the upper ball socket 125, the shoe 126, the lower ball socket 125, and the main piston 1.
12 extends to the moving cylinder 105.

This hole 129 serves to supply the operating pressure medium.

A gasket 127 sealing each space from the outside is disposed on the shoe 126, so that the hole 129
It is possible to supply the operating pressure medium through.

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of the upper part of the floor-type forging press 101, excluding the lowered part 103 and the lower tool 108.

What is special in this case is the position of the cylinder 105 which is offset laterally, ie to the left, from the central position.

In this case, the main piston 112 is itself in a pivotable, spring-elastic suspension, so that it follows the aforementioned position of the cylinder 105, without any particular tilting movement within the main bushing 113.

By guiding the bore 129 through the ball socket 125 and through the shoe 126, which follows the lateral displacement of the main piston 112, the supply of operating pressure medium is guaranteed in all cases.

Figure 7 shows a floor-type forging press 10 with the same size as in Figure 6.
The same part of 1 is shown.

However, in this figure the moving cylinder 105 is shown in an inclined position according to the eccentric force.

The cylinder 105 is pushed away from each guide by being pushed to the left in the lower guide 106 and to the right (highlighted in the drawing) in the upper guide 106.

In this case too, the main piston 112 follows the above-mentioned tilting movement due to its spring-elastic suspension and tension with respect to the raised 102, and in this case, the seal 115 and the plug-like bush 1
14 is not overloaded.

Since the shoe 126 follows the aforementioned tilting action, the supply of operating pressure medium through the hole 129 to the cylinder 105 is guaranteed in any case.

FIG. 8 is a further enlarged view of a portion of the raised ball 102, upper ball socket 125, and shoe 126 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

The seal 127 is located exactly at the level of the center point 130 of the radius of curvature of the spherical end of the shoe 126.

A packing support ring 128 disposed on the shoe 126 secures this packing 127.

Due to the arrangement of the seal 127 at the level of the center point 130 of the radius of curvature of the spherical end of the shoe 126, only a minimum movement occurs at this point during the swinging movement of the shoe 126, i.e. the seal 127 Only slight deformation is required here.

Taken together, in all the examples shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the main piston 112 is located outside the cylinder 105.
Follow the position taken by.

The shoe 126 then assumes an angular position.

Depending on the adjusted position of the cylinder, the shoe 126 either does not change its position or modifies its position during the stroke of the cylinder 105.

If a rattling movement occurs in the cylinder 105 due to guiding play or eccentric forces, the shoe 126 will correct its position in any case.

Due to the cooperation of the effective lever arm in this case and the frictional connection that necessarily occurs in the ball socket 125, the forces in the guide of the main piston 112 remain within tolerable limits.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show several embodiments of the invention, the first
The figure shows in cross section a moving cylinder with earth tools mounted in a free forging press with a closed frame and a pressure medium supply through a tubular member raised and screwed into the cylinder. Figure 2 is the same as Figure 1, but shows an example in which the pressure medium supply pipe is screwed into the head of the piston, Figure 3 is the same example as Figure 1, but shows the connection to the upper tool. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the cylinder is tilted as a result of an eccentric load and the pipe for supplying pressure medium is bent; FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 1 but with a so-called rigid pipe for supplying pressure medium; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a floor-mounted forging press in a frame structure with a moving cylinder and a freely tensioned main piston; FIG. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the same example in which the moving cylinder is displaced laterally toward the outer guides; FIG. 7 shows the moving cylinder in the same example as in FIGS. 5 and 6; FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the upper part of the shoe and the upper ball socket in contact with the raised part of the press from FIGS. 6 and 7. be. 1...Press frame, 2,102...Raised, 3
゜103...Lowered, 4...Side wall and guide member, 5,
106... Guide, 6, 105... Cylinder, 7,
107...Earth tools, 8,108...Lower tools, 9...
・Piston, 9a...Piston surface, 10,113・
...Main bushing, 11.115,127...Packskin,
12,114... Plug-shaped bush, 13... Plug-shaped bush flange, 14... Piston head, 15... Pipe member, 16,18° 125... Ball socket, 17,126...
... Shoe, 19 ... External thread, 20, 117, 12
0,129... Hole, 21.21a, 22... Seal material, 23... Shoulder, 24.24a, 123,124.
... Notch, 101 ... Floor-type forging press, 104.
... Side member, 109... Pullback rod, 110...
Horizontal beam, 111... Return cylinder unit, 112.
...Main piston, 116...Piston flange, 11
8... Pin, 119... Ball, 121... Belleville spring unit), 122... Plate, 128... Packing support ring, 130... Center point.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A floor-mounted forging press, which includes a piston that is fixed in the working direction, a cylinder as a tool holder that slides on the piston according to the working stroke, and pressure on the moving cylinder. The piston 9; 112 is formed as a hollow piston, and the piston head 14 is of the type with a coaxial bore guided through the piston and the raised piston for supplying the medium. 2 raised
; 102 and a plurality of ball sockets 16° 18;
125 and a shoe 17 surrounding these ball sockets;
126 and further raised by means of a retaining member 2; 102, characterized in that it is held in a vertical direction, with a coaxial hole for the pressure medium. Floor-mounted forging press with a piston fixed in direction and a moving cylinder serving as a tool holder. 2. As a holding member for the piston 9, a pressure medium supply pipe member 15 located at the center on the cylinder axis is arranged in the raised hole 20 of the press and sealed,
Further, this tube member 15 extends through the ball sockets 16 and 18, the shoe 17, and the piston head 14 connected to the lower ball socket 16 of the hollow piston 9. Another sealing material is disposed between the piston head 14 and the pipe member 15 is fixed within the raised 2 or the piston head 14, the floor-mounted forging according to claim 1. press. 3. A deformable sealing material 22 in which the tubular member 15 is centrally arranged and in which the inclination, lateral movement, etc. caused to the piston 9 by the working type of the press is within the range of the piston head 14 or within the range of the digit 2 of the press. 3. A floor-mounted forging press according to claim 2, wherein said tubular member 15 is designed to be received by. 4. The design of the centrally arranged tube member 15 is such that the tilting and lateral movements caused by the working type of the press on the piston 9 can be accommodated within the elastic range of the tube member 15; A floor-type forging press according to claim 2. 5 The ball socket 18 located within the upper range of the pipe member 15 centered within the raised 2 is centered while contacting the inner surface of the raised 2, and the piston head is located within the lower range of the pipe member 15. A ball socket 16 in contact with 14 is arranged with a fit on the inner wall of the piston 9. A floor-mounted forging press according to claim 4. 6. The centrally arranged tube part 15 is provided with a shoulder 23 which, if the tube part 15 is screwed into the raised 2, corresponds to a corresponding recess 24 in the piston head 14. If the pipe member 15 is screwed into the piston head 14, the piston head 14 is provided at a position where it comes into contact with the raised notch 24a. The above-mentioned floor forging press. 7 A spherically mounted pin 118 is arranged as a holding element for the piston 112, by means of which the piston 112 is moved via its 7 flange 116, one in the piston 112 and the other in the piston 112. Raised 10
The raised ball socket 102 is spring-elastically and freely movably tightened without any play against the ball sockets 125 arranged centrally in the ball sockets 2 and the shoe 126 closed with a spherical bearing between these ball sockets. A hole 129 for supplying pressure medium is provided in the ball socket 125 and the shoe 126 attached thereto. Sealed to the outside world. A floor-type forging press according to claim 1. 8. The seals 127 are each disposed at the height of the center point of the radius of curvature of the spherical portion of the shoe 126, and the seal support rings 128 are each releasably coupled to the shoe 126. The above-mentioned floor forging press. 9. The floor-type forging press according to claim 8, wherein the spring-elastic tensioning member between the pin 118 and the raised part 102 comprises a disc spring unit 121. 10. The floor-type forging press according to claim 9, wherein the spherical surfaces of the ten-ball socket 125 and the shoe 126 are located within the working medium.