JPS5846479B2 - Scoop type composting device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a scoop-type composting device that enables smooth aerobic fermentation, which is effective for composting, when fermenting organic materials such as home-grown feces to obtain compost. This is related.

Compost obtained from home-grown manure, etc., is used extensively like synthetic fertilizers (because it does not spoil the soil), and when returned to the soil, it maintains and further strengthens soil fertility, increases crop yields, and has physiological effects. It is a beneficial method of use that is compatible with the natural cycle, as no harmful substances are transferred or remain.

In addition, if you compost (rubbing) household excrement, the original odor will almost disappear,
Since the volume is small and lightweight, it is easy to handle. Substances harmful to crops are decomposed by the action of microorganisms that participate in fermentation during composting, and during this time other harmful bacteria and weed seeds are removed during the composting process. They either die due to heat generation or become extremely small.

In addition, the fertilizer effect on crops is slow-release and long-lasting.

In order to speed up the composting of organic materials such as household waste, it is necessary to artificially supply air to activate the action of aerobic microorganisms.

However, if the amount of aeration is too high, the temperature of the raw material will drop, making it unsuitable for microbial activity, while if the amount of aeration is too low, the proportion of anaerobic fermentation will increase, slowing down composting.

Therefore, it is important to maintain the temperature of the raw material, which is the medium, optimal for the activity of microorganisms, and the amount of aeration that can maintain its moisture content.

In addition, as a means to promote composting, it is possible to make the raw materials finer to increase the contact area with the air, and to stir the raw materials so that the bacteria can uniformly attach to the raw materials and obtain uniform growth. It has the effect of promoting composting.

In composting, if there is too much moisture in the raw materials, the equipment including the fermentation tank that processes the composting raw materials such as household feces will be expensive and uneconomical, so the moisture content of the materials must be optimized in advance for processing. It is advantageous to process the product after it has been processed.

There are various methods for composting equipment, but they can be roughly divided into two types based on the method of securing the necessary air for bacteria: non-ventilated methods that place emphasis on aeration, and forced ventilation methods that place emphasis on forced ventilation.

Non-aerated methods involve fermentation and composting using the cut-back method, box pile method, or mechanical stirring method, while forced aeration methods include the horizontal rotating cylinder type, scoop type, or tower-type silo type. Composting is carried out using forced ventilation using an air blower.

In general, the forced aeration method requires less equipment space than the non-aeration method, and the residence time in the equipment for turning raw materials into compost is short.

Of the forced aeration methods, the scoop method collects, scoops and moves the raw materials being composted and promotes uniform and rapid fermentation.The scoop method has the lowest operating power costs, is less likely to break down, and requires less maintenance. is advantageous.

In other words, the scoop-type composting apparatus, as shown in FIG. Air supply units 4 and 6 installed in The car 8 is moved in the direction of arrow B at the top of the fermentation tank 1, and the composting raw material 2 is moved from the front in the running direction, which is the input part, to the rear take-out part.Therefore, the frame car 6 runs once. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the composting raw materials in the tank are mixed and transferred toward the rear take-out part while maintaining a certain gap.

In this case, for example, if the platform car 6 is operated once a day, the moving distance of the raw materials is 1 m, and the period required for composting is 10 days, then the length of the fermentation tank is This will require 10m.

The purpose of ventilation from the bottom of the fermentation tank is to supply oxygen to efficiently decompose and compost feces through aerobic fermentation.
The purpose is to accelerate drying to reduce the moisture content.

If there is a lack of air, aerobic fermentation will deteriorate, the ratio of anaerobic fermentation will be 1-1, composting will be extremely slow, the rate of reduction of raw materials will be poor, and malodorous substances will be generated.

Furthermore, the drying becomes worse and the excrement tends to form into clumps, and if this happens, the drying will remain on the surface, and the ventilation inside will be extremely poor, making it impossible for water to evaporate and composting to proceed.

In this way, it is important to ensure ventilation during composting, and the structure of the fermentation tank, especially the bottom, must also have a good ventilation function. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the air supply section 4 may be made of a perforated steel plate that communicates with the ventilation pipe 3, or as shown in FIG. .

Processing materials such as feces, materials in the process of being composted, and compost that has completed fermentation, deposited on the air supply section 4 made of perforated steel plates or crushed stones, etc.
The items exemplified here or all of them are referred to as treated materials,
The same shall apply hereinafter.

) is scraped up by the scraper 7 of the conveyor 5, mixed and conveyed, but it is difficult to increase or remove the treated material from the bottom plate equipped with the air supply part 4, and as shown in Fig. 5 (the tip of the scraper and the supply A gap of about 5 to 20 mm is created between the air and the air.

The layered treatment material interposed in this 5 to 20 gap has a contact surface with the incoming air and is well dried, and is also pressed by the scraper so that the treatment material is crimped onto the air supply section, so this area This results in a dry fixed layer of 5 to 20 degrees.

For this reason, the air circulation inside the fermentation tank becomes poor, which not only delays decomposition and composting during the processing process, but also worsens the progress. When the platform car 6 is run, the treated material becomes a large lump, which further aggravates the above-mentioned phenomenon, creating a vicious cycle.

If fibrous materials such as straw or grass are mixed into the composting raw material, the fixed layer will become even stronger and the lumps will become even larger, making the above tendency particularly noticeable. Ta.

The present invention has been made in view of the current situation, and aims to propose a scoop-type composting device that eliminates various difficulties caused by agglomeration of treated materials, which could not be avoided with existing means.

To this end, the first object of the present invention is to provide a scoop-type composting device that prevents the treated material from clumping and settling on the upper surface of the air supply section, which would inhibit the progress of the fermentation process.

Specifically, it has a structure in which a suitable cutting blade is attached to a conveyor scraper for mixing and transporting the processed materials, and it has the function of crushing the processed materials and the ventilation by making cuts in the fixed layer at the bottom of the fermentation tank. In addition, the ventilation hole of the air supply part is made into a slit, and an edge lever with upper and lower blades is supported by a pin on the lower part of the slit on the side of the ventilation pipe, so that it protrudes and retracts from the slit. The structure is such that it is possible to cut and remove the processing material on the slit-shaped air supply section, and the processing material that adheres to the scraper of the conveyor is scraped off when the processing material is mixed and transported by the conveyor. The final objective is to create a scoop-type composting device that is also equipped with a scraping rod that allows for efficient mixing, conveyance, and cutting of materials during operation.

Hereinafter, an example of implementation of the scoop-type composting apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail. Care is taken to prevent the formation of nodules, and to break up any nodules that are formed to ensure even and sufficient aeration during processing to ensure smooth aerobic fermentation.

First, as shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG. 8, the scraper to be attached to the conveyor of the apparatus of the present invention, together with the ordinary plate-shaped scraper 7, has a blade oriented in the rotational direction of the scraper from the tip to the base. The cutting blades 8' formed over the entire length are arranged in parallel at appropriate intervals to form an additional bladed scraper 8.

This bladed scraper 8 has a plate body (the cutting blade is 50 to 1
The cutting blades 8' are installed at intervals of about 50n, and the tips of the cutting blades 8' protrude from the plate, and the cutting edges touch the air supply section 4 to remove the processing material stuck on the air supply section through the rotation of the conveyor. Since the material is pressed from above and linear cuts are made, it is possible to prevent decomposition of the material to be treated and deterioration of composting due to blockage of the air supply section due to the fixed layer.

Furthermore, since the bladed scraper has a cutting blade protruding from the plate, this part can be used to push out lumps of processed material, cut straw, grass, etc. in the flow, improve ventilation with the cuts, and further crush the lumps into small pieces. It promotes composting.

Next, the bladed scraper 8 and the scraper T are used to form cuts in the fixed fixation layer, to push and break up the nodules in the treated material, or to smoothly mix and transport the material to create an aerobic environment, which is most desirable for composting organic raw materials. In order to assist in the effect of actively carrying out fermentation, the bladed scraper and scraper f scrape off the treated material that adheres and accumulates from the core, and always use the carrying part of the scraper and cutting blade to effectively This is done to keep it in an easy-to-climb condition.

In other words, if straw, grass, etc. are mixed into the raw materials, they will become entangled with each scraper t and will not peel off and fall from the scraper using gravity alone, making it impossible to mix, transport, or cut the materials to be treated, and the material will not be able to perform its original function. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, a means 11 for scraping the treated material adhering to each scraper of the conveyor for mixing and conveyance is provided near the upper end of the inclined lower surface of the conveyor. As an example of the means, as shown in FIG. 9, a rotating shaft is provided near the upper end of the inclined lower surface of the conveyor, and an L
The bent ends of the scraping rods 12 are attached at appropriate intervals, and a counterbalancing portion 13 is provided on the other end, and a downward tensile force is always applied to the tips of the scraping rods 12. This is done by pressing the scraper upward.

When the conveyor is moved, the bent tip of the scraping rod 12 presses against the scraper surface, and as the scraper advances, the contact point of the bent tip of the scraping rod moves from the base of the scraper to the tip, thereby scraping the treated material adhering to the scraper surface. While removing it, descend and completely peel off and remove them.

When the scraping rod separates from the scraper, the scraping rod jumps up due to the downward force applied to the counterbalance part, and the bent tip hits the treated material attached to the next scraper, and the same operation is repeated as the scraper moves forward. The processing material adhering to the scraper can be removed and the functions of the scraper and the scraper with blades can be fully demonstrated.

In order to scrape the core part by advancing the bent tip of the scraping rod or the scraper and separate it from the scraper tip side, the position of the rotating shaft of the scraping means can be appropriately selected. By keeping the bent tip of the scraping rod sharp, you can scrape more efficiently, and the counterbalance part can be equipped with a mechanism that generates an appropriate return force, such as a spring or weight. It is advantageous to make the force adjustable so that it can correspond to the degree of dryness or consistency of the material to be treated.

Furthermore, in addition to a mechanism for maintaining uniformity of aeration by preventing the treated material from forming lumps as described above, sufficient air must be ensured from the air supply section to promote aerobic fermentation.

In the device of the present invention, the air supply section 4 has a large amount of ventilation and does not cause clogging, which is the cause of insufficient ventilation. Specifically, as shown in FIG. A plurality of slits 22 are formed in parallel in the flat plate 21 to serve as ventilation holes for the air supply section provided in the slit h22,
A rotary shaft is disposed at the lower part of the shaft 22, and the same number of edge levers 23, 23 as the slits 22 are fixed thereto, and the upper and lower sides thereof have an eleventh acute edge and can pass through each slit.

Then, the rotating shaft is guided out of the fermentation tank, and the edge lever 23, which is fixed in a horizontal position, can be raised and lowered by appropriate means.

In this way, the edge lever 2 can be rotated by operating the rotary shaft from the outside.
By rotating 3, the treated material that has stuck or is about to stick on the air supply section can be removed, and blockages that impede ventilation can be eliminated.

In other words, it is possible to cut or remove the treated material above the ventilation slit, which is the air supply section.
Since the edge lever has sharp top and bottom edges, it can cut straw, grass, etc. contained in feces, making it extremely easy to divide the material into small pieces and prevent air supply blockage.

Furthermore, the slit width and the thickness of the Edge Lever are set so that the Edge Lever can be moved not only by raising and lowering it from a horizontal position around the rotating shaft, but also by reciprocating the rotating shaft along the axial direction. The material to be treated is cut by combining the raising and lowering of the edge lever due to the rotation of the rotating shaft with the reciprocating movement of the rotating shaft in the axial direction, and the material to be treated is pressed from the side to widen the cut and contact the air supply section. Sufficient ventilation can be ensured.

In addition, as a means for improving ventilation when using crushed stones in the air supply section, the crushed stones may be washed with water to effectively maintain the gaps between the crushed stones and increase the amount of air flowing. Effective measures include providing a movable floor that slides on the upper surface of the air supply section filled with crushed stone to prevent the processing material from digging into the crushed stone surface.

The former is intended to remove clogging caused by the treatment material in the crushed stone layer by washing with water.

As shown in FIG. 12, the washing water flows through a washing water pipe 24 from the lower part of the crushed stone layer and is washed out from an overflow/air supply pipe 26 at the upper part of the crushed stone layer.

The water accumulated in the crushed stone layer and the overflowing water are discharged by opening the drain cock 25.

Overflow and ventilation are used in combination, and air is taken out from the lower part of the crushed stone layer and connected to the upper part, so that air can be ventilated from both the upper and lower parts of the crushed stone layer.

In the latter case, as shown in FIG. 13, a movable bed is provided in contact with the upper surface of the crushed stone layer to prevent the treatment material from landing on the crushed stone layer and causing clogging.

The movable bed 21 has a detachable body 29 such as a triangular prism or a semi-cylindrical column fixed to the top surface of a thin plate 28, and when the movable bed 27 is reciprocated on the top surface of the crushed stone layer using an operating rod connected to the flat plate, the top surface of the crushed stone layer can be moved. The treated material that is about to land on the floor is floated from the area by the action of the peeling body to create a ventilation space.On the other hand, the treated material does not get stuck in the crushed stone layer under the thin plates of the movable floor, so the effect of maintaining ventilation is Remarkable.

The structure promotes aerobic fermentation by maintaining ventilation in the air supply section.
In the case of water washing overflow, a remarkable effect was observed when applied to floors in the first half of treatment where the water content of the treated material is high and clogging is likely to occur; (This function was efficient and enabled us to improve the overall fermentation and composting process.

Thus, the bladed scraper, the scraping means for the scraper, and the air supply section with the edge lever are each mounted or arranged in the fermentation tank as shown in FIG. 1 to form a composting device, and each part Expresses its function and contributes to improving aeration, allowing complete aerated fermentation to take place.

As described above, the conventional difficulties in composting organic materials such as accumulated feces are solved by the scoop type composting apparatus of the present invention, and according to the spirit of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. However, it goes without saying that all diversions, modifications, and applications derived from this are included within the technical scope of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention device, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of a conveyor and a cart for loading it, Figs. 3 and 4
Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of the air supply section used in conventional equipment.
The figure shows the positional relationship between the conveyor and the bottom of the tank, Figure 6 shows an example of the scraper with a blade in the present invention, Figure 7 shows the tip of the cutting blade, and Figure 8 shows the scraper and the conveyor. Diagram showing the state in which the scraper with blade is attached, No. 9
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the scraping means, FIGS. 10 and 11 are explanatory diagrams of an air supply section equipped with an edge lever, and FIGS. 12 and 13 are explanatory diagrams showing other embodiments of the air supply section. . 1... Fermentation tank, 2... Composting raw material, 3
...Vent pipe, 4...Air supply section, 5...
... Conveyor, 6 ... Frame bundle, 7 ...
・Scraper, 8... Kiss scraper with blade, 11
.....Scraping means, 21 ..... Flat plate, 22
... Slit, 23 ... Edge lever, 26 ... Overflow and air pipe, 27 ...
...Movable floor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a scoop-type composting device consisting of a fermentation tank that can be ventilated from the bottom and a platform car that is equipped with a conveyor that mixes and transports the processed materials in the fermentation tank and runs over the fermentation tank, the conveyor for mixing and transport is is a flat scraper whose main purpose is conveyance, and a scraper at the bottom of the fermentation tank that separates the lumps of processed material into small pieces.
A scraper with a blade equipped with a large number of cutting blades for cutting ventilation cuts into the fixed part of the treated material to be deposited is installed alternately, and a scraper with a blade is attached to the scraper of the conveyor near the upper end of the lower surface of the conveyor for mixing and conveying. A scraping means is provided to scrape off the adhering lumps of treated material, and on the other hand, the structure of the air supply section for ventilation at the bottom of the fermentation tank can be used to wash away the treated material adhering to the area, or to fix the treated material covering the area. Scoop-type composting characterized by having a function of preventing clogging of the air supply section by including means for cutting or expanding the layer or peeling off the treatment material fixation layer covering the section. Device.