JPS5847657B2 - Ryu Taibun Sekiki - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention can be responsive to properties such as opacity or turbidity of a fluid, i.e., the concentration of particulate matter in the fluid or the concentration of component gases or liquids in a gas mixture or liquid mixture. It concerns the analyzer.

Previous analyzers used radiation that entered the test room through one window and then passed through an Ikekata window to a receiver.

The windows tend to get dirty over time and the accuracy of the analyzer therefore depends on how dirty the windows are.

Attempts have been made to keep windows clean, such as by directing a steady stream of air or liquid onto the exposed surfaces of the window.

Even if the windows are kept perfectly clean, the analyzer's readings are likely to be affected by the source of the radiation and by deterioration in the quality of the receiver.

It has been proposed to use compensating photoconverters to compensate for radiation source degradation, but this does not compensate for changes in the input-output characteristics of the receiver.

The aim of the invention is to provide a new analyzer that can be used continuously and reliably.

A fluid analyzer according to the invention comprises a test chamber for receiving the fluid to be analyzed, the test chamber having two windows, each window having two adjacent sections, each section containing a test chamber. having a surface in contact with a fluid within the room, two transceiver devices each being provided in association with each of said windows, each transceiver device comprising a photoconverter and a radiation source, and each transceiver device comprising a phototransducer and a radiation source; A portion of the radiation that enters the test chamber by passing a predetermined portion of the radiation into the test chamber through the associated window passes through the Ikekata window and enters the photoconverter of the transceiver device associated with this Ikekata window. a transmission device configured to be received and to transmit a predetermined portion of said pool of radiation sequentially through two portions of an associated window into a photoconverter of the same transceiver device to which the source of said radiation belongs; A transmission device configured to receive the radiation source and a device for periodically energizing the radiation source in alternating half cycles.

According to the invention, also in an analyzer for determining the properties of a fluid, a pair of transceiver devices each having a radiation source, through a window for radiation from the source to be transmitted through the fluid to the pond device. a window, a photoconverter, a device for diverting radiation passing through the window to the photoconverter without passing through the fluid;
and a device for directing radiation received through the fluid from the Ikegata device through the window to a photoconverter;
This combination further periodically and alternately energizes the radiation source of each of said devices to operate each device to periodically and alternately operate as a transmitter and then as a receiver. An apparatus is provided having a device so that the photoconverter receives radiation from the radiation source when acting as a transmitter and receives radiation from the radiation source of the Ikekata device when acting as a receiver.

In FIG. 1 a pipe or chimney 2 is shown which serves as a test chamber.

During operation, waste gas flows through this pipe.

The gas carries suspended particulate matter, water vapor and its ponds (collectively known as smoke), and the opacity of the gas is a measure of the smoke it contains.

A transmitter-receiver arrangement, generally indicated at 4, is mounted on one side of the tube 2, and a transceiver arrangement, indicated generally at 6, is mounted on the other side of the tube 2. .

The sides where devices 4 and 6 are installed are A side and B side respectively.
Components designated as side and included in the transceiver device 4 are characterized by the letter A, while components in the transceiver device 6 that are similar to components of the device 4 are characterized by the letter B.

Transceiver device 4 includes a lamp 8A serving as a radiation source.

A portion of the radiation from the lamp 8A (as shown in the direction of the dotted line) passes through the beam splitter 10A, passes through the square window 12A formed on the A side of the tube, and passes through the gas present in the tube 2, the tube The radiation passes through the square window 12B formed on the B side of the photoconverter 22B to the beam splitter 10B, and the beam reaches the photoconverter 22B through the beam splitter 20B.

The pool of radiation from the lamp 8A is connected to the beam splitter 10.
A to mirror 14A, there to mirror 16A, across both parts of window 12A and a short stretch of gas between them to mirror 18A, from where beam splitter 2
0A and then to the photoconverter 22A.

Similarly, lamp 8B serves as a radiation source and radiation source 8B
The path of radiation from the beam splitter 10A to the beam splitter 10A is shown in the direction of the solid line.

Lamps 8A and 8B operate alternately as radiation sources, with lamp 8A operating during half of each cycle and lamp 8B operating during the other half of each cycle.

The energization of radiation sources 8A and 8B is effected by a power supply controller 32 which energizes source 8A during one half cycle of operation and source 8B during the remaining half cycle. energize.

When source 8A is energized, photoconverter 22A receives unabsorbed radiation, i.e. radiation that passes directly and successively through two parts of the same window, and photoconverter 22B receives absorbed radiation, i.e. 2) Receive radiation that enters the chamber through one window section and leaves the test chamber through a section of the window on the other side.

When source 8B is energized, it is photoconverter 22A that receives absorbed radiation and photoconverter 22B that receives unabsorbed radiation.

Photoconverter 22A is connected to power logarithmic amplifier 46, and photoconverter 22B is connected to power logarithmic amplifier 48.
connected to supply power.

The output signal from logarithmic amplifier 46 is applied along line 50 to storage devices 52 and 54.

Storage devices 52 and 54 are connected to lines 56 . 58 to a differential amplifier 60 which in turn is connected to an algebraic summing amplifier 62 via line 64.

The output signal from logarithmic amplifier 48 is applied via line 66 to storage devices 68 and 70.

Storage devices 68 and 70 are connected to differential amplifier 76 on line 7, respectively.
2 and 74, and the differential amplifier is connected to algebraic summing amplifier 62 via line 78.

The output signal from the algebraic summing amplifier has the instructions shown at 80;
transmitted to a recording or control device.

Power supply controller 32 is connected to storage devices 54 and 70 via line 34 and to storage devices 52 and 68 via line 36 to ensure that no It is designed to direct memories even in the moment.

After completion of one operating cycle of operation, radiation sources 8A and 8B
The logarithms of the values of unabsorbed radiation from the radiation sources 8A and 8B are stored in storage devices 52 and 70, respectively, and the logarithms of the absorbed radiation values from the radiation sources 8A and 8B are stored in storage devices 68 and 54, respectively.

Storage devices 52, 54 provide inputs to differential amplifier 60, while storage devices 68, 70 provide inputs to differential amplifier 76.

The outputs of amplifiers 60.76 provide inputs to summing amplifier 62.

Amplifier 62 then provides an output signal on line 84, which, as will be seen from the analysis below, is a function of the turbidity of the flue gas.

During the portion of the cycle in which lamp 8A is operating as a radiation source, the output signals from photoconverters 22A and 22B are expressed as:

In the formula, SIO AMA is the output signal from the photoconverter 22A, is the sensitivity coefficient of the photoconverter 22A, is the transmission coefficient of the mirror, including the characteristics of the mirrors 14A, 16A, and 18A, and the beam splitters 10A and 2OA, and WA is the window. 12A transmission coefficient, ■1o is the radiation intensity of the radiation source 8A, S1 is the output signal of the photoconverter 22B, B is the sensitivity coefficient of the photoconverter 22B, **M loss is based on the characteristics of the beam splitters 10A, 10B and 20B9. The mirror transmission coefficient, wB, is the transmission coefficient of the window 12B, r is the specific turbidity of the flue gas, L is the length of the radiation path through the tube 2.

During the portion of the cycle when lamp 8B is operating as a radiation source, the output signals from photoconverters 22A and 22B are expressed as:

In the formula, S2 is the output signal of the photoconverter 22A, MIB is the mirror transfer coefficient including the characteristics of the beam splitters 10A, 10B and 20B, I20 is the radiation intensity of the radiation source 8B, and S2o is the output signal of the photoconverter 22B. , MB are mirrors 14B, 16B and 18B and . It is a mirror transmission coefficient including the characteristics of beam splitters 10B and 20B.

By dividing equations (1) and (2) and equations (3) and (4), the following equation is obtained.

In this way, the turbidity is determined by the transmission coefficient WA of the window, the sensitivity A, B of the WB photoconverter. and lamp intensity ■1o, ■2o
is indicated by an unrelated term.

Furthermore, the third term on the right-hand side of equation (9) is constant and its value remains constant over a long period of time since it can be easily configured such that the inside of the transceiver device is sealed from the outside air condition. maintained.

The total turbidity rL or the specific turbidity r is then a constant in practice and is the term of the sum of the values of the differences between the functions of the action of unabsorbed and absorbed radiation during any two consecutive half-cycles. It is indicated by.

Although the third term on the right side of equation (9) is effectively constant, it is also possible to input a calibration signal to the summing amplifier 62 to adjust the third term.

Radiation sources 8A and 8B are selected to primarily emit radiation with a wavelength comparable to the fluid property to be measured.

Since the device is used as a smoke detector, the radiation source in the particular embodiment described above has wavelength characteristics that approach those of the human eye, so that the analyzer approximates what is measured by the observer. It will dictate the opacity of the smoke.

The wavelength bands to be transmitted are 24A and 24A, if necessary.
It can be further defined by a chemical filter as shown in B.

The wavelength of the pond may be used in a device configured to be responsive to the fluid properties of the pond.

An incandescent hollow cathode or a mercury lamp may be used as the radiation source.

Collimating lenses may be included as shown at 26A and 26B to create a generally parallel radiation beam of light.

Well-known expedients such as lens-pinhole arrangements consisting of lenses 28A, 28B and pinholes 30A, 30B placed at the focal point of the lenses so as to similarly limit the viewing angle of the associated phototransducer, A transceiver can be included within the device.

In a variation such as that shown in FIG. 2, the absorbed radiation exits the test chamber through a window that is not aligned with the window through which the radiation enters the test chamber.

The test chamber in this embodiment is a container or fluid sampler 8.
8 in which a static fluid sample is analyzed.

Transceiver devices 4 and 6 having windows 12A and 12B exposed to the sampled fluid through a suitable opening in the sampler 88 are fixed to the wall of the sampler 88 at an angle of 90° to each other. (Different angles may be used in the pond embodiment).

When device 4 is used as a transmitter, device 6 receives light scattered from the sampled fluid and vice versa.

Therefore, the opacity of the fluid can be changed by phototransducers 22A and 2.
2B output signal.

If the scattered radiation is to be trusted (rather than the radiation as in the conducted opacity meters mentioned above), then
Equations (2) and (3) do not apply.

Instead of the element e-rL there will be an opacity function that can be denoted as f(r).

In this case, logarithmic methods generally produce an output that is not proportional to the specific opacity, but is usually proportional to n(r).

Therefore, the circuit to which the outputs of amplifiers 46 and 48 are supplied is
It may be arranged to generate an output signal proportional to f (r) according to the equation:

11 The embodiments of this invention are summarized as follows.

(1) two windows, each window having two adjacent portions, each of which has a surface in contact with fluid in the room, and each one of the transceiver devices or each device associated with each window; a test chamber for receiving the fluid to be analyzed, comprising two sets of transceiver devices comprising a transducer and a radiation source, for transmitting a portion of the radiation from the source into the test chamber through an associated window; Some of the radiation entering the test room passes through the pond window,
A device and a constant portion of the radiation passed successively through the two parts of the associated window to be received by a photoconverter contained in the device associated with the pond window and contained within the same device as the radiation source. a fluid analyzer comprising a device for transmitting to be received by a photoconverter, and a device for periodically energizing the source in alternating half-cycles.

(2) In an analyzer for determining the properties of a fluid, a pair of transmitter and receiver devices each having a radiation source, a window through which radiation from the source is transmitted through the fluid to the pond device, and a photoconversion device. a device for deflecting radiation passing through the window to the photoconverter without passing through the fluid, and a device for directing radiation received through the fluid from the Ikekata device through the window to the photoconverter. Apparatus for periodically and alternately conditioning the radiation source of each of said devices to operate each device such that the combination further operates periodically and alternately as a transmitter and then as a receiver. , so that when the photoconverter operates as a transmitter it receives radiation from the radiation source, and when it operates as a receiver it receives radiation from the radiation source of the Ikekata device.

(4) a device for deflecting radiation from a source passing through a window without passing through a fluid, comprising: a first beam splitter placed in the path of radiation from the source to the window; , onto a second beam splitter which directs it onto a photoconverter.

(4) The device of paragraph (3), wherein the first beam splitter also acts as a reflector to direct radiation received from the other device to the front photoconverter.

(5) the first beam splitter deflects the radiation from the source in a direction perpendicular to the radiation from the source; and the optical system deflects the deflected radiation in a direction parallel to the radiation from the source. a first mirror that directs, and then a second mirror that directs said deflected radiation in the opposite direction but parallel to the radiation deflected by said beam splitter through the window and into a third window; and a third mirror that directs deflected radiation in the opposite direction but parallel to the radiation from the source to the second beam splitter.

(6) the (3) to (3)-(3)-(3)-(3)-(3)) comprising a lens and a pinhole provided between the second beam splitter and the photoconverter, the pinhole being located at the focal point of the lens;
5) The device according to any of item 5).

(7) a housing for the transceiver device having an opening in one wall, the window covering the opening and forming a cavity with a transparent wall in the housing so that deflected radiation is directed between the device; The device according to any one of items (2) to (6) above, which passes through the window without passing through the fluid.

(8) radiation received from the other device after being reflected by the first beam splitter passes through the second beam splitter before stimulating the photoconverter;
) or the device according to any one of the above-mentioned paragraphs (6) and (7).

(9) A device according to any of the preceding paragraphs, comprising a calculation circuit responsive to a signal generated by the phototransducer for producing an output signal depending on the characteristics of the fluid.

00) The transceiver devices are aligned with each other and the radiation passing through one window is directed towards the Ikekata window, and a calculation circuit algebraically adds the logarithm of the signal generated by the phototransducer. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus generates an output signal proportional to the opacity of the fluid.

(11) said transmitter-receiver devices are provided in approximately orthogonal positions, each receiving radiation from the Ikekata device as a result of scattering when operating as a receiver, and said calculation circuit receiving radiation generated by said photoconverter; 10. The apparatus of claim 9, including a device for generating an output signal that varies functionally with respect to a signal proportional to the opacity of the fluid.

(121) Analyzer as described with reference to any of the drawings.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an analyzer through which the opacity response of the waste gas can be produced through a tube; FIG. It is an explanatory diagram. In the figure, 2...Tube, 4, 6...Transmitter/receiver device, 8A, 8B...Radiation source lamp, 14
A, 16A, 1 8A, 1 4B, 16B, 18B...
...Mirror, 10A, 1 0B, 20A, 20B...
...Beam splitter, 22A, 22B...Photo converter, 32...Power supply control device, 32
, 54, 68, 70... Storage device, 60, 76
... Differential amplifier, 62 ... Summing amplifier, 80 ... Indication recording controller.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 comprising a test chamber receiving the fluid to be analyzed, the test chamber having two windows, each window having two parts adjacent to each other, each part having a surface in contact with the fluid in the test chamber; has
Two transceiver devices are each provided in association with each of the windows, each transceiver device comprising a photoconverter and a radiation source, for transmitting a predetermined portion of the radiation from the radiation source through the associated window for testing. a transmission device configured such that a portion of the radiation passed into the test chamber is transmitted through the other window and accepted by the photoconverter of the transceiver device associated with the window; a transmission device configured to sequentially transmit a predetermined portion of a pool of radiation through two portions of an associated window so as to be received by a photoconverter of the same transceiver device to which the source of said radiation belongs; and a device for periodically energizing the source in alternating half-cycles.