JPS5850855B2 - drilling machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention has an operating shaft which is connected at one end to a drive device and is rotatable and axially driveable by the drive device; A coupled case cylinder, a drilling shaft disposed displaceably in the case cylinder against a spring force and supporting a drilling head for drilling a hole having a cylindrical cross section, and the case cylinder and the drilling shaft. a relative displacement effecting means for selectively enabling or disabling relative displacement of the shaft; and a fine-toothed support fixed to the case tube, the stroke of which is controlled within a conduit formed in the axial direction on the outer surface of the drilling shaft. a fine tooth support guided over the entire length of the fine tooth support, and fine teeth supported by the fine tooth support and movable axially and laterally outward, for drilling a hole that widens in the drilling direction. It concerns a drilling machine.

This type of drilling machine is used to drill holes that widen in the drilling direction in ore materials and construction materials.

For example, a tension anchor is fitted into a conical borehole of this type, which is subject to a high tensile force and requires a stable engagement function.

Conventionally known drilling machines include, for example, the US patent (US-PS)
It is shown in Publication No. 2013257.

It has been recognized that known drilling machines of this type have a number of drawbacks and are not suitable for practical use.

Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that there is virtually no drilling machine that can be used for conical drilling in particularly hard stone or cement, for which only percussion-type drilling machines can be put to practical use.

In known drilled drilling machines, the drilling grains and drilling powder can only be discharged by interrupting the drilling and withdrawing the drilling machine.

Furthermore, known drilling machines do not allow a clear changeover from cylindrical to conical drilling.

The object of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of conventional drilling machines,
Applicable to both hard and soft, and therefore all workpieces, it is possible to reliably switch from a first cylindrical drilling to a second conical drilling when the desired hole depth has been reached. The object of the present invention is to provide a drilling machine that operates reliably and has a long life.

According to the invention, this problem can basically be solved by guiding the fine teeth accommodated in the drilling shaft along a guide path in an outwardly open guide path. can.

This allows the fine teeth to withstand loads such as those applied when drilling extremely hard ores with a percussion drilling machine, and allows them to be displaced in either forward or backward directions as required. It is preferable to support fine teeth made of hard metal at the end of a fine tooth support body having spring elasticity that can be used.

In this case, if the fine tooth support is moved together with the fine tooth in the fine tooth guide path, no strong load will be applied between the fine tooth and its support during impact drilling. do not have.

In order to input the forward driving force, it is preferable that the end of the fine tooth support body opposite to the fine teeth be supported by an anvil supported by the case cylinder.

For a favorable transmission of the driving force, it is advantageous to use a relatively thin, elastic, fine-toothed support which is at least partially hyperbolically curved.

In order to support the lower surface of the hyperbolic force transmitting body, it is preferable that the bottom part of the guide path has a hyperbolic shape at least in the expanding direction for guiding the fine teeth.

In order to guide the fine teeth in the axial direction and outward of the drilling shaft relative to the case tube in the "conical drilling" position, the relative displacement between the case tube and the drilling shaft is selectively enabled or disabled. Means for effecting the relative displacement 1 is provided, and the effecting means enables the above-mentioned relative displacement.

As this Q relative displacement effecting means, for example, a cam ring rotatable relative to the case cylinder can be used.

This cam ring has the function of applying an axial force only to the drilling shaft at the drilling position of the cylindrical hole, and actuating the fine teeth by the axial force at the drilling position of the second conical hole.

In particular, in drilling machines for relatively soft workpieces, the release means is
It can also be constructed by forming a widening surface on the case tube, which is supported by the upper surface of the workpiece when the predetermined depth is reached.

This type of construction is advantageous for drilling preferred cylindrical or conical holes in weak workpieces, such as porous cement, plaster, etc., for example.

In order to reliably remove drilling powder and the like, it is preferable to use a drilling shaft having a hole penetrating in the axial direction like the drilling head, and to connect the hole to a suction source.

In this case, it is preferable to provide a suction port rotatably mounted on the operating shaft.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings showing embodiments.

The first method is for drilling a cylindrical hole that expands into a conical shape.
The embodiment of the drilling machine shown in the figure is particularly intended for drilling hard rock or concrete, and the hollow operating shaft 100 and the grip 11 are placed inside the case of a compressed air or electromagnetic impact device. It was inserted into.

The grip 11 is accommodated and held in the case so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and the case is drivingly connected to the rotational drive shaft of the motor via a gear system.

However, this part is not shown because it is similar to a known percussion type drilling machine.

A rotor 14 is slidably fitted around the working shaft 10 for relative rotation, the flange at the upper end of the rotor being held between the shoulder of the working shaft 10 and the spring ring 13, making it axially immovable.

However, the term "rotor" is used for convenience in that it is rotatable relative to the operating shaft 10, and it should be understood that the rotor 14 itself does not rotate during operation of the drilling machine.

When the drilling machine is in operation, an operating shaft 10 rotates within this rotor 14.

As shown, an annular groove is formed on the outer periphery of the actuating shaft, and a communication opening 20 is provided in the annular hole, so that the hollow internal chamber 19 of the actuating shaft 10 communicates with the annular groove.

A conduit 15 is provided in the old rotor 14 and opens at a position corresponding to the annular groove.

It is connected via this conduit 15 to a hose of a suction source (not shown).

Further, annular seals 17 are provided on both sides of the annular groove. This conduit 15 of the rotor 14 serves for suction of drilling dust during the drilling period.

Inside the case tube 25 fixed to the lower end of the actuating shaft 10, a perforated shaft 30 with a through hole 31 is connected to the coil spring 27.
It is guided so that it can be displaced in the axial direction against the force of.

The upper part of the coil spring 27 abuts an intermediate ring 65 connected to the case tube 25 by at least one pin 64, while its lower part abuts a ring 28 arranged in a seal 29 on the intermediate flange of the drilling shaft 30. ing.

The coil spring 27 normally biases the drilling shaft 30 to the extended position shown in FIG.

The drilling shaft 30, which is provided with a shoulder 32 on its lower side, has a thread at its lower end in a through-bore 31, in which it is provided with a drilling tooth 36 made of hard metal, so that the through-hole 31 of the drilling shaft 30 A drilling head 35 having a conical outlet opening communicating with the hole is threadedly secured.

The drilling pattern shown in FIG.
0 is guided so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction in a guide groove 38 cut axially in the drilling shaft 30.

In addition, FIG. 1 shows a part of the cam ring 68 in the cross section on the line I-I in FIG.
Since this is a longitudinal section of the drilling machine on a vertical plane at an angle of 0°, one of the fine teeth 40 and the guide groove 38 are illustrated.

Each fine tooth 40 is made of spring steel or the like, and includes a flexible fine tooth support 44 that is at least partially curved into a hyperbolic shape, and a hard metal support 44 fixed to the lower end of the fine tooth support 44. It consists of teeth 47 and an anvil 42 that fixes the upper part of the fine tooth support 44.

The anvil 42 that receives axial force from the drilling machine is connected to the case cylinder 25.
The case cylinder 25 is held and fixed between the lower end of the case cylinder 25 and a screw ring 50 screwed and fixed to the lower end.
It projects as an elastic enlargement towards the shoulder of the drilling shaft 30 which is movable therein.

The hard tooth 47 is welded and fixed to the slope 45 at the lower end of the elastic fine tooth support 44.

By forming the slope in this way, it is possible to provide a better axial force receiving structure at the welding location.

As is clear from FIG. 1, the bottom of the guide groove 38 is formed in a hyperbolic shape below the end of the fine tooth support 44 supporting the hard tooth 47 and is inclined outwardly in the direction of the drilling head 35. There is.

This curved section is specifically designated by the number 39.

When drilling a conical hole, first, the drilling shaft 30 enters into the case cylinder 25, and as a result, the fine tooth 4γ supported at the end of the fine tooth support 44 is inserted into the guide groove 3.
8 on the curved cross-section 39 and guided in the outwardly flared part of the guide groove 38, so that
The fine teeth 47 gradually protrude outward from the periphery of the drilling shaft 30,
A conical hole is bored in the protrusion of the fine teeth 47.

The protruding position of the narrow tooth 47 from the guide groove 38 is set such that at least a portion of the fine tooth 47 (the portion shown as the inclined surface 45 in the figure) does not protrude beyond the upper edge of the guide groove 38. It should be noted that there are

With this method, severe loads during impact drilling can be avoided, and the fine teeth 47 can therefore be protected.

The screw ring 50 is stably held by a kind of holding device formed in the internal chamber of the screw ring 50 by a ball 52° biasing spring 53 and a notch to prevent the screw ring 50 from becoming loose inadvertently. There is.

As already mentioned, the drilling machine shown in FIG. 1 is driven by two drive systems.

That is, cylindrical drilling is performed by the drilling head 35, and conical drilling is performed by the fine-toothed mechanism 40 that is guided to expand outward.

The drive system has an outer cylinder 74 attached around it, which can be manually rotated to switch between a cylindrical perforation position and a conical perforation position.It is possible to select whether relative displacement between the case cylinder and the perforation axis is possible or not. It is determined depending on the position of the position ring 73 as a means for exerting a relative displacement.

The rotation angle between the two drive positions is determined by one or more circumferential slits 71 cut around the case tube 25 inside the position ring 73 and the pins 69 that fit into each of the slits 71. Ru.

Although only one is shown in FIG.
is engaged with the coupling of the position ring 73 located inside the case tube 25 and the cam ring 68 shown separately in FIGS. 1a and 1b.

The cam ring 68 is diametrically opposed to the central hole passing through the upper small diameter end of the drilling shaft 30 and is 9
It consists of two selection holes 70 having a fan shape of 00 or less.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lower part of the cam ring 68 is provided with a flange of the perforated shaft 30, which flange is partially cut out to form two fan-shaped flange portions 62.

A lower notch 61 is provided at the lower part of each flange portion 62,
When the drilling shaft 30 is sent relative to the case cylinder 25, the notch 61 guides the pin 64 so that it can be sent in the axial direction, and the notch 61 and pin 64 prevent the relative rotation between the case cylinder and the drilling shaft. The end of the drilling shaft 30 that prevents the
9 is provided with a tongue seal 59.

During drilling, first, the position ring 73 is adjusted to its "cylindrical drilling position", and the cam ring 68 is positioned relative to the drilling shaft 30 as shown in FIG. 1a, that is, the cam ring 68
The remaining hole portion 70 is held at a position apart from the flange portion 62.

In this working position, a relative movement of the drilling shaft 30 in the axial direction upwards (as viewed in the drawing) with respect to the case tube 25 is prevented by the flange portion 62 abutting against the remaining portion of the cam ring 68, and thus There is no relative movement between the fine tooth support 44 fixed to the case cylinder and the drilling shaft 30, and the fine teeth 40 are held in a retracted state within the guide groove 38 of the drilling shaft, and the drilling teeth 36 of the drilling head 35 are held in a retracted state. Cylindrical drilling is performed by

At the same time, the drilling powder in front of the drilling head 35 is transferred to the conical opening 3γ provided in the drilling head 35, the through hole 31 of the drilling shaft 30, the internal chamber 19 of the operating shaft 10, and the conduit 1 of the rotor 14.
5, and is sucked into a suction source (not shown).

Once the cylindrical hole has been drilled to the desired depth 1, the drilling machine is stopped and the position ring 73 is rotated approximately 900 degrees to position 1 relative to the drilling axis 30 shown in FIG. 1b.

The cam ring 68 is positioned at either of the two switching positions.

For this purpose, a protrusion 66 is provided on the lower side of the cam ring 68, and the protrusion 66 is gripped by a corresponding notch of an intermediate ring 65 fixed to the case cylinder 25 by a pin 64.

Regarding the ``conical drilling position'' of this cam ring 68,
The selection hole portion 70 of the cam ring is aligned with the flange portion 62 of the drilling shaft, so that the drilling shaft 30 is moved axially upward relative to the case tube 25 without being blocked by the cam ring 68, and the case tube 25 is aligned with the flange portion 62 of the drilling shaft 30. It becomes possible to move relative to the shaft in the axial direction downward.

That is, the drilling shaft 30 is prevented from moving axially by the bottom surface of the workpiece to produce this relative movement.

When the drilling machine 10 is held in the "conical drilling position" and rotated again to perform impact operation, and the drilling shaft 30 is driven again within the cylindrical hole, the relative movement between the case tube and the drilling shaft causes the shaft of the impact operation to change. The force passes through the drilling shaft 30 and is transmitted to the fine tooth 40 via the case tube 25.

The lower end of the fine tooth support 44 is connected to the guide groove 38 along with the fine teeth 47.
slides in the direction of the drilling head on a hyperbolic curved section 39 along a preset inclined plane to allow drilling of a conical hole, whereby the fine teeth 47 are radially outwardly moved. The drilling tooth 36 of the drilling head protrudes from the guide groove.
The tip of the tooth gradually protrudes outward in the radial direction to form a conical hole.

At this time, the drilling shaft 30 is rotationally driven within the conical hole, and the drilling powder from the conical drilling falls into the hole formed on the outer periphery of the drilling head 35, and the fallen drilling powder is transferred to the opening 37 and through the hole as described above. It is sucked and discharged through the hole 31.

Fig. 1C shows the position of the cam ring 68 (conical drilling position) when the position ring 73 and pin 69 are rotated 900 degrees from the state shown in Fig. 1. A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the drilling machine on an angled vertical plane is shown, showing a state in which the case cylinder 25 and the drilling shaft 30 are relatively displaced in the axial direction.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has the same and corresponding parts as the embodiment shown in FIG. It has a changed part characterized by the part indicated by 'B'-c.

Therefore, descriptions regarding the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 will be omitted for the sake of brevity regarding parts similar to the structure and operation of the embodiment shown in FIG.

The example shown in FIG. 2 is Boland cement.

This shows a drilling machine for forming cylindrical or conical holes in relatively weak workpieces such as plaster.

A rotor 14 is mounted on a hollow actuating shaft 10a with a shaft grip 11a, which is fitted with a conduit 15 that communicates with the hollow chamber 19 of the actuating shaft 10a via a communication opening 20.

A case cylinder 25a screwed and fixed to the operating shaft 10a, and held movably in the axial direction within the case cylinder 5a,
A coil spring 27a is wound between the lower end thereof and a drilling shaft 30a supporting a drilling head 35a having teeth 36a and a center drill 89.

A pin 64a is fitted into the horizontal hole of the actuating shaft 10a, and is supported from the outside by a retaining ring 79.

This pin 64a is adapted to fit in a longitudinal notch of the drilling shaft 30a and to assume a second end position associated with the conical drilling shown in FIG. 2 and described below.

In contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, in the embodiment shown in Figs. This is done automatically after the predetermined depth of the cylindrical hole is reached.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a relative displacement effecting means for selectively allowing relative displacement between the case cylinder and the drilling shaft is provided on a ball bearing 84 relative to the drilling shaft 30.
The cover ring 86 is rotatably attached via the cover ring 86.

It is based on the position of this cover ring 86 that there is an automatic changeover from "two-cylindrical drilling" to "two-conical drilling".

If the workpiece is a brittle material, at the depth of the hole where the cover ring or position ring 86 abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece, the case cylinder and the drilling shaft are driven almost integrally, and the drilling head of the drilling head can drill the hole without relative displacement. Cylindrical drilling is performed by the teeth.

After the cover ring 86 abuts against the upper surface of the workpiece, the drilling shaft 30 no longer moves axially with respect to the workpiece, and the case cylinder 25a contacts the cover ring 86 with respect to the stationary drilling shaft 30. 1 causes relative movement.

Due to this relative movement, the fine tooth support 44a fixed to the case cylinder 25a is guided by the inclined surface 39a of the guide groove 38a of the drilling shaft, and the fine teeth 47 gradually move outward in the radial direction beyond the drilling teeth 36a of the drilling head 35a. Displace to the direction and perform conical drilling.

This method allows automatic switching from cylindrical to conical drilling, eliminating the need to interrupt drilling.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the upper part of the fine tooth support 44a is bent obliquely and is held between the case tube 25a and a threaded ring 50a screwed onto the outer periphery of the case tube 25a.

As can be seen in FIG. 2a, the drilling head 35a has on its front side two lateral suction openings 37a which communicate with the through-hole 31 of the drilling shaft 30a and which introduce the drilling powder into said hole.

In this case, in the case of conical drilling, the drilling head 35a rotates but is not lowered any further, so that the drilling powder generated at [-7] and falling during drilling is sucked into the suction opening 37a.

When the drilling is completed, the drilling shaft 30a is moved by the spring 27a.
As a result, it is returned to the normal position shown in FIG.

According to the corresponding curve, the elastic fine-toothed support 44a is
A mechanical displacement commensurate with the shape of the conical hole is given to the fine teeth 47.

As is clear from FIG. 2, the cover ring 86 is fixed together with the bearing 84 around the enlarged leg 82 at the tip of the drilling shaft 30a.

This part 82 is provided with guide grooves 38a extending in the axial direction at positions facing each other in the diametrical direction, and these guide grooves 38a
A fine-toothed support 44a is slidably housed therein.

In order to prevent the fine-tooth support 44a from deviating from the guide groove 38a, the outer periphery of the upper part of the leg 82 is surrounded by a cover ring 86.

Therefore, the side tooth drilling mechanism 40a can penetrate inside the bearing 84.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is substantially similar to the embodiment described above in connection with FIG. 2, and is a drilling machine suitable for machining more fragile and porous workpieces.

As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 3, a relatively long fine-toothed support 44b is provided on the operating shaft 10b so as to face the axial body of the drilling shaft 30b over a long portion, and the support 44b is attached to the upper part of the shaft. is not fixed and guided, but is guided through it in the axial direction, and is fixed by a set screw 93 between the retaining ring 92 and the actuating shaft.

In this embodiment, unlike the above-mentioned embodiment, fine teeth 47
b is not supported on the slope of the support body 44b, but is rigidly fixed to the side surface thereof.

Instead, a fine tooth support 44b to which fine teeth 47b are fixed.
The inner surface of the end of the guide groove 38b has an inclined surface 39 formed in the guide groove 38b.
It is tilted parallel to b.

A spring 27b is arranged around a long part of the inner shaft body of the drilling shaft 30b, and a leg 82b is attached to the tip of the drilling shaft 30b, and this part 82b is a cylindrical wall extending upward. This cylindrical wall surrounds the spring 27b and the shaft body of the perforated shaft 30b.

Axial guide grooves 38b are provided on the diametrically opposing outer surfaces of this cylindrical wall, and sloping surfaces 39b are provided on the bottom surfaces of these guide grooves so that the cross section becomes wider toward the tip.

The elongated fine-tooth supports 44b are accommodated in these guide grooves 38b, and in order to prevent them from deviating from the guide grooves, the upper ends of the legs 82b are surrounded by cover rings 86b as in the embodiment shown in FIG.

The bearing 84b for the cover ring 86b is pressed onto the flange 81b in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG.

A tubular intermediate case 95 is attached to the operating shaft 10b,
While surrounding the spring 27b and the shaft body of the perforation shaft 30, the tip of the tubular intermediate case 95 is slidably fitted into the inner surface of the cylindrical wall of the leg 82b.

Further, a support ring 100 is attached to the inner surface of the tubular intermediate case 95, to which a spring 27b is pressed.

This support ring 100 is a thin cylindrical wall portion 9 of the operating shaft 10b.
Provided at a position that abuts the front end surface of 9.

The spring 27b biases the support ring 100, and thus the intermediate case 95 and the actuating shaft 10b, to an upwardly pushed position relative to the drilling shaft 30.

This upward deflection is limited by a shoulder on the shaft barrel of the drilling shaft 30b.

Calcareous light building materials, e.g. cellular cement.

For perforated plates etc., it is preferable to chrome plate the perforating heads 35, 35a and 35b, since there are no hard particles in the perforating powder.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a drilling machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 1a and 1b are taken along line L-I in FIG.
FIG. 1c is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the operating positions of the cam ring corresponding to the line cross section, and the drilling holes on the vertical plane forming an angle of 90° to each other as shown by the line ■-■ when the cam ring is in the state shown in FIG. 1b. FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view of a drilling machine showing a second embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2a is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 3a is an axial cross-sectional view of a drilling machine showing the third embodiment, and FIG. 3a is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 10.10a, 10b...-operating shaft, 25, 25a. 25b...Case tube, 30, 30a, 30b...-Drilling shaft, 35, 35a, 35b--Drilling head, 44° 44a, 44b-Side tooth support, 47, 47a, 47b
...Fine teeth, 15...Connecting pipe, 31...Through hole, 6
8...Cam ring, 86, 86b... Support ring.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An operating shaft that is connected to a drive device at one end and is rotatable and axially driveable by the drive device; a case cylinder that is coaxially connected to the other end of the operating shaft; and the case cylinder. A drilling shaft that supports a drilling head for drilling a hole with a cylindrical cross section and is disposed so as to be displaceable against a spring force within the case, and it is possible to select whether relative displacement between the case cylinder and the drilling shaft is possible or not. means for effecting a relative displacement, and a fine tooth support fixed to the case tube, the fine tooth being guided throughout its stroke in a channel formed axially on the outer surface of the drilling shaft. and fine teeth supported at the tip of the fine tooth support, the bottom surface of the guide path being gradually separated from the axis of the drilling shaft as it goes toward the drilling head when viewed in a longitudinal section of the drilling shaft. The thin tooth support is made of a spring elastic body, and the relative displacement when the relative displacement effecting means enables relative displacement between the case cylinder and the drilling shaft,
The fine tooth support is slid in the axial direction within the guide channel to displace the fine teeth radially outward, and the fine teeth gradually protrude outward in the radial direction from the teeth of the drilling head. A drilling machine characterized by being configured to drill a hole that gradually expands in the direction.