JPS585233B2 - Jiyunkatsuyuso Saibutsu - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition having excellent low-temperature fluidity, viscosity properties, electrical properties, oxidative stability, and thermal stability.

More specifically, at least one selected from hydrorefined products, nuclear hydrides, and alkylated products of the hydrorefined products or the nuclear hydrides of highly aromatic hydrocarbon oils produced as a by-product during thermal decomposition of petroleum. The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising a homopolymer or copolymer of a hydrocarbon oil and at least one compound selected from monoolefins and diolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Generally, when petroleum is thermally decomposed at a high temperature of 500℃ or higher, highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil is produced as a residual oil, but this highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil has poor color stability, thermal stability, and oxidation stability. Since it has disadvantages such as poor oxidation, there is no effective way to use it, and industrially it has only been used in carbon black, fuel oil preparations, etc.

This highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil mainly contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as aromatic hydrocarbons, and in recent years various studies have been conducted to use this as a lubricating oil.

For example, by subjecting highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil to treatments such as hydrorefining, nuclear hydrogenation, or alkylation, various properties such as low-temperature fluidity and electrical properties, which are necessary conditions for lubricant base oils, can be improved. Improvements have been made.

However, even hydrocarbon oils subjected to such treatments have many drawbacks such as low viscosity or viscosity index and low thermal stability, and are not sufficient to be used as lubricating oil base oils.

The present inventors have found that the viscosity, viscosity index, and thermal stability have been significantly improved without impairing the favorable properties of various processed products of the highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil, such as low-temperature fluidity and electrical properties. As a result of intensive research on how to
It was discovered that this object could be achieved by blending an appropriate amount of polyolefin with an average molecular weight of 200 to 3,000 into the treated oil, and the present invention was completed.

The lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises (1) a hydrorefined product of highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil with a boiling point range of 250 to 380°C, which is produced as a by-product during thermal decomposition of petroleum at 500°C or higher; ( 2) From 45 to 5 parts of a polyolefin with an average molecular weight of 200 to 3000 among homopolymers or copolymers obtained by polymerizing at least one compound selected from monoolefins or diolefins having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. It is characterized by:

One component of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil with a boiling point range of 250 to 380°C, which is produced as a by-product during thermal decomposition of petroleum, such as naphtha, kerosene, light oil, and crude oil at 500°C or higher. Aromatic hydrocarbon oil obtained by hydrorefining, a naphthenic hydrocarbon which is a nuclear hydride of the highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil, or an alkylated product of a naphthene-based hydrocarbon oil. at least 1
It is a type of hydrocarbon oil.

For the hydrorefining of highly aromatic hydrocarbon oils, ordinary hydrorefining methods for petroleum oils can be applied.

For example, as a catalyst, transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, and tungsten, or their oxides or sulfides supported on a carrier such as alumina or silica-alumina can be used. Temperature: 250-400℃, pressure: 20-50 kg/cmG
, hydrogen/oil molar ratio 2-10, liquid hourly space velocity (LH8V) 1
Conditions such as ~5 can be adopted.

For nuclear hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbon oil, for example, the same catalyst used for hydrorefining is used, and the temperature is 100 to 300°C.
, normal pressure 300 kg/cm'G, hydrogen/oil molar ratio 5~
It can be carried out under normal nuclear hydrogenation conditions such as 20, LH8VO15-2.0.

In order to obtain alkylated products of aromatic hydrocarbon oils and naphthenic hydrocarbon oils, alkylation reactions using various alkylating agents can be applied.

This alkylation reaction uses an olefin, alcohol, etc. as an alkylating agent, a solid acid catalyst such as silica alumina, phosphoric acid-diatomaceous earth, zeolite, activated clay, acid clay, etc.
Alternatively, the reaction can be carried out using halides such as anhydrous aluminum chloride and zinc chloride, or mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid, under usual reaction conditions suitable for each catalyst.

Average molecular weight 2, which is one component of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention
00-3000, preferably average molecular weight 250-250
0 polyolefin is made from a monoolefin or diolefin having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and uses a so-called Friedel-Krach type catalyst such as aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, boron fluoride, titanium tetrachloride, or a complex compound thereof as a catalyst. It can be obtained by polymerizing at -30 to 30°C, using a promoter such as an organic halide or hydrochloric acid as necessary.

Among these polyolefins, polybutene is most preferred.

Among polyolefins, polyolefins with an average molecular weight smaller than 200 have a safety problem because their flash point is too low, and polyolefins with an average molecular weight larger than 3000 have too high a viscosity and poor low-temperature fluidity and viscosity properties. Also, they are not preferred because they have poor solubility in aromatic hydrocarbon oils, naphthenic hydrocarbon oils, or alkylated products thereof.

The lubricating oil composition of the present invention has excellent properties such as viscosity, viscosity index, and thermal stability in addition to favorable properties such as low-temperature fluidity and electrical properties. Suitable for lubricating oils used under harsh conditions such as oil.

For example, when the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used as a refrigerating machine oil, it has various properties not found in conventional lubricating oils, such as less sludge generation in high-temperature parts such as discharge valves, and good stability against refrigerants. properties are obtained.

In the present invention, if desired, various additives such as viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, detergent dispersants, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, etc. may be added to the above composition depending on the use of the lubricating oil. Additives can be added.

To name a few, viscosity index improvers include polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyisobutylene, ethylene propylene copolymer, and antioxidants include dialkyldithiophosphate metal salts, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, 2.6 - di-t-butyl para-cresol, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, as detergents and dispersants, for example neutral salts, basic salts, ultrabasic salts such as metal sulfonates or metal phosphonates or alkenylsuccinimides, benzyl Ashless dispersants such as amines, metal deactivators include benzotriazole, antifoaming agents include silicones,
Examples include low molecular weight polymethacrylates.

These various additives can be used alone or in a mixed system of two or more, and are added in amounts of 0.1 to 0.1 to the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
It can be added in an amount of 10.0% by weight.

Examples will be given below to more specifically explain the present invention.

Example 1 Aromatic hydrocarbon oil (1) 60 to 90 parts Polybutene Note (2) 40 to 10 parts Note (1) Boiling point obtained by thermal decomposition of naphtha 300 to 37
Hydrorefined highly aromatic fraction at 0°C.

The processing conditions are as follows.

Note (2) Among the butane-butene fractions produced by naphtha decomposition, it is a copolymerized material that is mainly composed of isobutylene and contains a portion of n-butene using an aluminum chloride catalyst, and has an average molecular weight of 350 and a viscosity of 29. cst (below 100) and 4.5 (2101).

The results of measuring the properties of the composition of Example 1 as an electrical insulating oil are shown below.

All of the compositions were excellent in low-temperature fluidity, electrical properties, and heat-resistant stability.

Example 2 Note (1) Aromatic hydrocarbon oil alkylated product 70 parts Polybutene Note (2) 30 parts Note 1
) Aromatic hydrocarbon oil of Example 1 with a boiling point of 250 to 3
00°C, alkylated with ethylene and has a boiling point of 270 to 370°C.

The alkylation conditions are as follows.

The results of measuring the properties of the composition of Example 2 as a heat-resistant refrigerating machine oil are shown below.

The composition of this example met the JIS K2211 refrigerating machine oil standard, was particularly excellent in stability against refrigerants and low-temperature fluidity, and could withstand use for a much longer time than conventional compositions.

Example 3 Naphthenic hydrocarbon oil (1) 70 parts polybutylene, Note (2) 3o parts Note (1)
) Boiling point 210-37 obtained by thermal decomposition of naphtha
A highly aromatic fraction at 0°C is hydrorefined and then subjected to nuclear hydrogenation, with a boiling point of 265 to 307°C.

The processing conditions are as follows.

The results of measuring the properties of the composition of Example 4 as a hydraulic oil are shown below.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A hydrorefined product of highly aromatic hydrocarbon oil with a boiling point range of 250 to 380°C, a nuclear hydride of the hydrocarbon oil, or a hydrorefined product of the hydrocarbon oil, which is a by-product during thermal decomposition of petroleum at 500°C or higher. or 55 to 95 parts of at least one hydrocarbon oil selected from alkylated products obtained by adding at least one alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms to the nuclear hydride, and 55 to 95 parts of at least one hydrocarbon oil having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
A homopolymer or copolymer obtained by polymerizing at least one compound selected from the monoolefins or diolefins of No. 4 with an average molecular weight of 200 to 300.
A lubricating oil composition characterized in that it consists of 45 to 5 parts of a polyolefin of 0.0 to 5.0 parts.