JPS5854970B2 - Extrusion molding equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for fluidizing crushed, crushed, comminuted, powdered or granulated solid materials in a hopper with or without the addition of some liquid. , relates to an apparatus for extruding said material through a specific opening or shaping it precisely to the shape of a mold.

Therefore, the present invention provides that when fluidization is not occurring,
It relates to such materials that are in a state where they cannot flow by gravity alone or only flow slowly.

The present invention relates primarily to the molding of cement, gypsum or plaster mixtures by making them sufficiently fluid and extruding or molding them into a predetermined shape, whereby the molded parts are not subjected to additional chemical means or heat treatment. A material that is rapidly hardened or solidified for practical purposes by compaction and normal chemical action, without applying high pressure to the material being extruded or shaped. .

The cement, gypsum or plaster mixtures mentioned above are
Contains granular or fibrous materials such as sand, gravel or crushed rock aggregate, glass, asbestos, steel granules, polyethylene or other synthetic or natural fibres, ground rubber or cork. I can't help it.

The invention can also be applied to extruding road-making materials in slabs or ribbons, such as concrete or aggregate mixtures or bitumen-bound aggregates or asphalt or ordinary aggregates or natural earth. .

Conventional methods of compacting concrete are done after the material is placed in a mold or placed where concrete is needed permanently.

Therefore, due to pressure compaction, a wet mix is required, which results in a relatively weak concrete unless excess water is removed by pressure or vacuum suction methods. becomes.

The pressurized approach can only be used in static devices.

Segregation and irregular compaction are common drawbacks of road-making machines in which concrete is placed and compacted using vibrators inserted into the concrete.

Compaction using extrusion processes, operated by screws or hydraulic pressure, creates stresses in the material that can cause it to bend or curve.

Usually the work is done with a fairly large cross-sectional area, i.e. 10CmX
Limited to extrusions with a cross-sectional area of 12.5 cm.

The object of the invention is to provide a device which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages of grass compaction processes, and in particular:
The material can be extruded by a process of fluidizing the cement, gypsum or plaster mixture;
It is an object of the present invention to provide a concrete extrusion and shaping machine capable of compacting and shaping said material without the use of supplementary vibration sources.

The apparatus of the present invention has a hopper having an open top and a discharge port at its lower end to receive and take the material, a rotating shaft supporting an eccentric weight, and a hopper located above or below the discharge port. a mechanical vibrator extending laterally through the hopper, a device that vibrates the material in the hopper in the direction of flow through the hopper by rotating the shaft of the vibrator, and the surface to which the material is fed after leaving the hopper. Or, it is more advisable to use it as a device to create relative movement between it and the mold.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and easily put into practice, several forms of apparatus according to the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2, the machine consists of a hopper fed with material to be extruded from a mixer or silo 2 (not shown in FIG. 2).

Hopper 1 is connected to extrusion chamber 3.

A tubular pie break 4 is attached to a suitable location within the hopper.

Piebreak-4 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 15-17.

These pie breaks can vary in frequency, but their amplitude is predetermined.

The piebreak is driven by a motor or other power source 5, for example by a belt drive 6.

The extrusion chamber 3 is an open box with a fixed base 7, the box being raised and lowered relative to the base 7, for example by a hydraulic jack 8.
The jack raises and lowers the entire machine.

The base 7 is attached to wheels 9 running on rails, and the base 7 is further driven along the rails by a drive device (not shown).

In operation, a concrete mixture or similar material is loaded into a hopper 1 from a mixer or silo 2, a vibrator 4 is moved to vibrate the material in the direction of flow through the hopper to a base 7; The base 7 is then moved through the chamber 3.

When the material in the hopper 1 is vibrated, it flows, packs into the extrusion chamber 3 and is conveyed through the machine onto the base 7.

The same technique may be used to fill the mold or shutter placed on the base 7.

When forming a slab or block in an extrusion chamber, the thickness of the slab or block can be adjusted by a jack.

By mounting a partition plate 11 on top of the base 7, finished products of different widths can be produced within the extrusion chamber.

The tip extension member 12 may be attached to the extrusion chamber and vibrated in the vertical direction by a pie break 13 for smooth finishing.

A cutting or guillotine blade, movable by working device 15, is mounted at the mouth of the extrusion chamber for cutting the extruded product to length.

Various lengths of reinforcement may be inserted from the rear of the hopper below the blade 16.

The modification of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Similar parts are designated by the same reference numbers and have a hopper 1 fitted in such a way that the pie break-4 is disposed over the entire width of the machine.

The machine also includes an extrusion chamber 3 into which the material flows from a hopper.

However, the machine itself is not attached to the jack.

Instead, the jack 20 has a roller head 21 on which the base of the extrusion chamber 3 runs over rollers 22.
is supported.

An upright extrusion plate 23 is mounted within the extrusion chamber 3 and across the chamber.

The jack 20 is adjusted so that the base 7 runs under the extrusion plate 23 with a required clearance.

If the mold has to be filled, the extrusion plate 23 is removed and the mold 24 is mounted on the base 1.

The base 7 is attached to the mold 2 such that the gap between the top of the mold 24 and the lower side of the top outer plate 25 of the extrusion chamber 3 is minimized.
4 can pass through the extrusion chamber 3.
The height is adjusted by a jack 20.

Cutting of the material, if required, is accomplished by a guillotine blade 14 operated by an actuator 15, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

In use, a mixture of cement, gypsum or plaster is placed into the hopper 1 and a vibrator driven by a motor 5 is set in motion.

At the same time, the base 7 is moved forward in the direction of arrow X, either manually or by a drive motor (not shown).

The vibrations fluidize the mixture and it flows out through the extrusion plate 23 into the base I or mold 24 and is carried away on the moving base 7.

FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows a modification of the machine of FIG. 3.

In this variant, the base 30 is stationary and the hopper 31 and extrusion chamber 32 are mounted on wheels 33 and are used while filling the mold 34 or as a fixed mold carrier. Or base 30
Arrow X while extruding single or overlapping slabs
move in the direction of

The hopper is equipped with one or more pie breaks such as 4 in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Figure 5 is similar to the operation performed by the machine of Figure 4, which is designed for machine 3L32 to be moved to compact and place a continuous slab or ribbon of material 35 on the ground on which the machine is mounted. The principle of operation is shown below.

The apparatus of FIG. 5 can be applied to slabs of various thicknesses, concrete and aggregate mixtures or bitumen-bonded aggregates or asphalt.

This device can also be applied to ordinary aggregates or natural soils that are coated with bitumen or other self-applied materials after being placed in place.

FIG. 6 shows a device similar to that of FIG. 3, which can be applied to the device of FIG.

In this device, an extrusion die 37 is installed in the extrusion chamber 32.

The mold is laterally shaped to a constant profile so that the material 38 is extruded into the base such as hopper 31 to 7 or into a mold such as 24 in FIG. The top and sides are shaped so that

The roller bed 21 of the rollers 22 is as shown in FIG.

7 and 8 show a modification of the device of FIG. 6, in which the extruded material 38 is shaped by a formwork 39 whose underside rests on the base 7. On the other hand, the upper surface thereof is molded by an extrusion die 37 fixed inside the extrusion chamber 32.

The machine of FIG. 9 is not provided with an extrusion chamber and a hopper 40 discharges a continuous ribbon of material to coat a surface 42 moving in the direction of arrow X.

Surface 42 may be the upper surface of a movable belt or platform.

FIG. 10 shows that the machine, indicated by hopper 40, is moving in the direction of arrow
9 shows the same apparatus as in FIG. 9, except that

FIG. 11 illustrates one method in which the principles of the present invention may be applied to form a laminate of two different materials, each fed to a hopper 43 on either side of a septum 44.

One or more vibrators 4 are used to fluidize the two materials, said two materials being formed in layers 45, 4.
The laminate flows out of the extrusion chamber 47 as a laminate.

Additional layers can be formed by further sectioning the hopper 43.

A base 7 similar to that of FIG. 3 is shown mounted on a roller bed 21.22.

12 to 14 show one example of application to a machine for forming tubes.

In this application, a hopper 50 with a vibrake 51 is placed longitudinally in a mold carrier 54 with a mold 56 for the tube extending across the machine below the hopper 50. It has a floor plate 52 in which a long hole 53 is provided above the slot 55 of the floor plate 52 .

The mold 56 has a slot 55 that matches the slot 55 in the mold carrier 54 .

The tube 62 (see FIG. 14) includes a rubber bushing 58 secured to one end of the mold support 54 and a removable cap closing the other end of the mold support 54, as shown in FIG. It is molded in the mold 56 around a pie break 57 mounted coaxially in the mold bearing 54 between a bush 59 mounted behind the mold 60.

The two sets of pie breaks 51 and 57 are connected by a belt 61 to a drive motor 62 shown in FIG.

In operation, the pie break 51 facilitates the flow of material through the slot 53 in the bottom of the hopper 50 and the slots 55, 55' in the mold support 54 and mold 56.

When the mold 56 is filled, the pie breaks 51 and 57 are stopped and the mold support 54 is rotated so that the slot 55 of the mold support 54 does not slide out of the slot 53 provided in the bottom of the hopper. This cuts off the supply of material.

Next, as illustrated in FIG.
The bushing 59 is removed, the mandrel 63 is placed coaxially with the pie break 57, and the 3
Annular thrust member 64 attached to book ram 65
An ejector extrudes the mold 56 together with the tube 62 of shaped material from the mold carrier 54 and pie break 57 onto a mandrel 63.

Another method of forming tubes involves the use of a machine similar to that of FIG. extruded around the mandrel.

Each mandrel may be located between a pair of longitudinal walls joined by a base.

The tube can thus be formed around the mandrel between the base 7, the side walls and the top skin or through an extrusion die.

In yet another method, Figure 5 or Figure 6
A machine similar to that shown produces tubes transversely to the extrusion chamber by arranging a removable mold carrier and a mold in a hopper 31 concentrically with the pie break 4 therein. The method can be applied.

Portland cement mixtures containing alkali-resistant glass fibers can be used in the various machines described above.

A suitable Portland cement composition includes 12rIL1
Contains 5 percent by weight of alkali-resistant glass fiber cut into lengths of 1 L to 501 m or less, in which case the Portland cement to water ratio is 0.2 by weight.
5 to 0.35.

If exposure to water is sustained, 40 percent by weight of the Portland cement may be replaced with pulverized fuel ash.

If a high strength composition is desired, up to 10 percent by weight of alkali-resistant glass fibers may be added, or portland cement may be mixed with bi-alumina.
May be replaced with cement.

Depending on the application, up to 60 percent of the Portland cement or bi-alumina cement may be replaced with fillers such as fine sand.

Another mixture suitable for the practice of this invention is a mixture of glass fibers and an aqueous slurry of gypsum plaster.

This mixture may have a composition as described in British Patent Specification No. 1,204,541 (of the National Research and Development Corporation).

The pie breaks used in the examples described above and designated 4 in FIGS. 1 to 11, while 51 and 57 in FIGS. It is shown in FIGS. 17 through 17 and consists of a tube 70 through which a rotating shaft 71 is mounted and arranged to be driven in rotation, mounted on bearings 72 distributed along the tube.

The rotation shaft 71 is rotationally driven by, for example, the motor 5 and belt drive device 6 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.

The ends of the tube are supported by elastic bushings 73 to which end caps 74 are secured.

An eccentric weight 75 is fixed to a shaft inside the tube.

As shaft 71 rotates, the eccentric weight causes the shaft to vibrate transversely to the shaft, and this vibration causes tube 70 to vibrate.
transmitted to.

Therefore, hopper 1,3L40.43 or 50
A vibrational component appears in the direction of the intended flow through the hopper, thereby aiding the flow of material through the hopper.

The mass and eccentricity of the weight are selected according to the intended use of the piebreak.

Length 301, diameter 2.5 crrL to length 270
Piebreaks of dimensions up to 10 cm, diameter 10 Cfn have been tested and found to be suitable for various cement and gypsum mixtures specified above and for such mixtures commonly used in the construction industry.

Relatively small vibrators are used in the production of industrial chemicals in special manufacturing processes where powdered or granular materials (moist or dry) are required to flow. it is conceivable that.

3.00 Or, p, m, to 11,00 Or, p
, m, and amplitudes ranging from 1.6 mm to 9.5 mm have been successfully tested.

In this range, the machine can accept a very wide range of processing materials, and the nature of the material and water content are not important factors.

Thanks to the fluidization produced by these pie breaks, the material, which is of the cement or gypsum mixture type, remains in a fluid state until it leaves the influence of the vibrator.

These materials solidify relatively quickly after extrusion or shaping, especially because the vibrator compacts the components and eliminates trapped gas.

In the case of mixtures as described above containing glass fibers, the amplitude and number of vibrations determines the manner in which the glass fibers remain in the product.

Therefore, by controlling a particular piebreak or each vibrator, such as adjusting the speed of the piebreak or replacing it with a piebreak with a different performance, it is possible to moderately control the properties of the product being produced. is possible.

If maximum strength in all directions is required, the fibers must be oriented in different directions, but by changing the vibration, the fibers are forced overwhelmingly into one plane, i.e. in the direction of extrusion from the hopper. It is possible to have many locations and thus increase the strength of a particular plane.

Thus, by rotating a particular vibrator - or pie-breaks - about a vertical axis with respect to the mold or surface that receives the material, for example 90 degrees,
It is possible to make laminates with different orientations of the fibers in adjacent layers.

It is understood that by combining various adjustments, it is possible to finely control the arrangement of fibers in a mixture, thereby creating a product made of sections with various directions of maximum strength. I think you can.

By adjusting the strength of the vibrations, ie, the power transmitted from the pie break, it is also possible to create materials with higher or lower densities.

If a material with high impact resistance is required, a material with relatively low density can be made.

If a product with a high proportionality limit is required, a material with higher density can be made.

Figures 18 and 19 show extrusions that can be made with regular Portland cement and fine sand in a 2:1 mix ratio of 0.3 water and 5 percent by weight of 25 mm glass fiber. A cross section of is shown.

The fibers are oriented longitudinally.

The results of the test conducted under 28-day conditions are as follows.

A typical ratio of proportional limit to modulus of rupture is 48 percent for a direction along the direction of extrusion and 92 percent for a direction perpendicular to the direction of extrusion.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the extrusion molding machine. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a side view of a modification of the machine of FIGS. 1 and 2, with a portion of the side wall of the machine cut away. FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic side views of three other variations. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are respectively illustrative side views of still another modification. 9, 10 and 11 are schematic side views of three other variations. FIG. 12 is a side view of a machine for making tubes. FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12. Figure 14 shows the figure 13 with some parts in different positions.
Cross-sectional view of the same location as the figure. FIG. 15 is an axial cross-sectional view of the vibrator shown in both of the previous figures; Figures 16 and 17 are XVI-X of Figure 15, respectively.
Sectional views taken along VI line and XVII-XVII line. 18 and 19, with the exception of FIGS. 12 to 14, are cross-sectional views of products that can be extruded by the machine shown in the previous figures. 1.31.40,43.50...hopper 3
゜32.47...Extrusion chamber, 4,13
゜51.57...Pie flakes-7,30...
...Base, 24.56...Type, 53...
...long hole, 54 ... type support, 55, 55
'...Slot, 71...Axis, 75.
...Eccentric weight.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Apparatus for extruding crushed, powdered, or other finely granular solids onto a surface without adding liquid or adding liquid, the apparatus having an upper end for receiving the substance. hopper 1 which is open and has a circumferential wall and means for forming a discharge opening in the circumferential wall at the lower end of the hopper, the circumferential wall defining an area on the surface at its lower end; The hopper is enclosed in such a way that, when in use, material from the hopper is packed and retained within the surrounding walls, and the material enclosed by the surrounding walls passes through the discharge opening and comprises the hopper. In the apparatus, the apparatus is further integral with the hopper 1 and in communication with the discharge opening, delimited by an upper wall and a side wall, together with the periphery, the material supplied by the hopper 1 is extruded. an extrusion chamber 3 forming a tubular passageway with an open delivery end remote from the discharge opening to be extruded, providing for relative movement of the extrusion chamber 3 and the circumference in the direction of the intended extrusion; and a mechanical pie break-4 positioned in the hopper 1: the vibrator 4 is inserted into the hopper 1 in such a position that the shaft 71 is embedded in the material in the hopper 1. A rotatable shaft 71 with elastically mounted ends. an eccentric weight 75 attached to said shaft 71 and means 5 for rotating said shaft 71 in order to vibrate the material in the hopper 1; 3. A device as described above, characterized in that it extends transversely to the direction of the intended flow of the material in the hopper 1 towards the discharge opening in order to vibrate it in the direction of flow into the hopper 1.