JPS5898786A - Musical composition performer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a music playing device that stores musical scale data, note length data, etc. in a semiconductor memory or the like, and plays music according to reading of these data.

Conventionally, in this type of device, the frequency signal of each scale was only reproduced as a constant sine wave or square wave, resulting in a monotonous musical performance. The present invention is capable of reproducing predetermined tones including the sounds of musical instruments such as guitars, pianos, violins, etc., and allows music to be played with rich tones.

An embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an overall circuit block diagram. The device can be broadly divided into oscillation/frequency divider circuits 1. Tone generator section 2. Envelope generator 3. External input circuit 4. Control circuit 5. Address counter 6, song information memory 7
, amplifier 9. It is composed of a speaker 10.

The oscillation/frequency divider circuit 1 includes, for example, a crystal oscillation circuit and a frequency divider circuit, and generates a basic clock for the device. The tone generator section 2 is a section that generates sounds according to data output from the music information memory 7. The envelope generator 3 generates the length and envelope of the sound according to the data output from the music information memory 7. The input circuit 4 is a switch circuit that controls the start, transposition, modulation, tempo, etc. of the two selected songs. The control circuit 5 converts the switch input of the input circuit 4 into a signal and transmits it to each block. The address counter 6 specifies the address of the music information memory 7, and sequentially reads out the music data stored in the music information memory 7, and uses this pitch pattern to determine the scale, note length, and timbre (musical instrument).

Specify the strength of the sound, sound effects (tremolo), stop of 9 songs, etc.

FIG. 2 shows the bit allocation of the music information memory 7. That is, the 16 bits of Bφ~B, 5 represent Bφ~B3, respectively.
(4 bits)...Scale bits B4 to B7 (4 bits)...Note length pitch FB81B9 (2 bits)...Octave bits BIO, B11 (2
Bit)・・・Musical instrument recombination bit B121B13
(2 bits)...Sound strength bit B14 (1 bit)...Sound effect bit Bts (1 bit)
...Assigned like a stop bit.

<Specific configuration and operation> 1) First, a song is selected using the song designation switch of the input circuit 4. By operating this switch, the control circuit 5 outputs the 3-bit pattern decoded into M1 to M3, and designates the top address of the music information memory 7 for reading.

2) Next, when the start switch of input circuit 4 is turned on, 1
The music information bit pattern at the address specified above is read. Among the read bit patterns, B
-~B3 (scale bit).

The 8 bits from B8 to Bll (octave bits, instrument recombination bits) are sent to the tone generator section 2, and
The 8 bits 4 to B7 (note length bit) and Ih□-814 (instrument recombination bit, sound strength bit, sound effect bit) are transmitted to the envelope generator 3.

B15 (stop bit) is transmitted to the control circuit 5. When "1" is output to the B15 bit, the operation stops, but at the time of starting and playing music, it is 10'' and does not affect the operation in any way.

3) Of the 8 bits transmitted to the tone generator section 2, B- to B3. The 6 bits B@ and B9 are input to an adder/subtracter circuit 2-6, specifying an address in a scale frequency division ratio memory 2-5, and selecting an octave by an octave selector 2-2.

The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 controls the data of B- to Ba, Bg, and Bg by the external switch input of the input circuit 4, and performs transposition/subtraction.
This allows for modulation.

4) One of the fundamental frequencies f01 to fo4 corresponding to each octave is selected by the octave selector 2-2.

The frequency dividing circuit 2-1 is connected to the oscillation/dividing circuit 1, and prepares fundamental frequencies f01 to fo4 that are twice (1.2 degrees, 4.8 times) the binary output of the frequency dividing circuit 2-1.

Fundamental frequency f selected from tarp selector 2-2
. i is input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 and frequency-divided. The 9-bit binary division door output of the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 is output from the matching circuit 2-4.
, it is compared with the same 9-bit frequency division ratio output from the frequency division ratio memory 2-5 specified by the above address, and when they match, a pulse is output and the frequency division circuit 2-5 is
Reset 3.

The frequency of the pulses output at the time of this coincidence corresponds to each scale in each octave.

By the way, if the division ratio is 12 values between 478 and 253 (which can be expressed by 9 bits in binary code) for the standard frequency of 500KH2, then it will be 1046 to 19.
Each scale frequency in the 75H2 range can be obtained. The octave can be changed by doubling the reference frequency.

5) The coincidence detection pulse is further input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-7. The division circuit 2-7 operates as a so-called address counter that specifies the address of the next-stage basic waveform memory 2-8 using its 4-bit frequency-divided output.

The basic waveform memo IJ-2-8 has an 8-pit configuration and stores data so as to form a waveform for one cycle of the scale frequency in 16 steps. That is, octave selector 2-2
．． The frequency output from the matching circuit 2-4 is equivalent to 16 times the actual scale frequency, and the frequency divider circuit 2-7 divides one cycle of each scale frequency into 16 parts and stores them in the basic waveform memory 2-4. The addresses of 16 steps of 8 are sequentially specified. The waveform data read out by this addressing is input to the D/A converter 2-9, and
A conversion is performed to form the basic waveform of the sound signal.

Further, the basic waveform memory 2-8 receives the two bits Bto and B11 from the music information memory 7 and the upper two pit frequency division output C of the frequency dividing circuit 8-7 of the envelope generating section 3. The B10pB11 bits select the waveform memory to be read out according to the instrument recombination control, and the two C bits temporally divide the envelope into four regions, and select the basic waveform, etc., which is the basic waveform with higher-order frequencies added as appropriate. This is to increase the naturalness and ease of listening when selected.

6) Of the 8 bits transmitted to the envelope generator 3, the 4 bits B4 to B7 are input as address designations to the note length division ratio, . BIO,B
The 2 bits ll are stored in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 as control bits for instrument recombination, and the 2 bits B12 r Bta
The 8 bits of I B14 are input to the arithmetic circuit 8-9 as bits for controlling sound intensity and sound effects (tremolo).

7) In the bellow generator 3, when the start switch is turned on, the frequency dividing circuit 3-1 starts operating. The binary 6-bit frequency divided output of the frequency dividing circuit 8-1 is output from the matching circuit 3-2.
and is compared with the 6-bit frequency division ratio output of the tempo division ratio memory 8-3. If they match, a pulse is generated and input to the subsequent frequency dividing circuit 8-4. This pulse determines the time interval of the shortest note length.

If necessary, by operating the tempo control switch of the input circuit 4, the division ratio memo IJ - is written in the addition/subtraction circuit 3-11.
By adding and subtracting the 3-3 frequency division ratio output, it is possible to change the division ratio and set an arbitrary tempo.

8) Note length division ratio memo IJ-3-4 is 4 from B4 to B7
Using bits as addresses, 8-bit division ratio data corresponding to each note length is selected and output.

Accordingly, in the matching circuit 8-5, the frequency dividing circuit 3-4
It is compared with the 8-bit binary frequency division output of , and outputs a pulse when they match. The output time interval of this pulse is B4~
This corresponds to each note length specified by the 4 bits of B7.

However, here as well, 32 pulses are output for each note length for the following reasons. That is, the frequency of the pulses output from the -number output circuits 8-2, 8-5, etc. is 82 times that of the normal case. This pulse is input to the frequency dividing circuit 8-7 and frequency-divided.

9) Frequency divider circuit 3-7 is envelope waveform memory 3-8
It is a so-called address counter, and the envelope waveform memory 8
-8 82 step addresses are specified in sequence. Envelope waveform me% 13to input to IJ-3-8
D Bit selects the waveform memory to be read out, and performs musical instrument recombination control in combination with the basic waveform selected by Basic Waveform IJ-2-8. The two bits of C are the higher order of the 5-bit binary frequency divided output of the frequency divider circuit 8-7, and divide the envelope period into four equal parts.

10) The data read from the envelope waveform memory 3-8 is multiplied in the arithmetic circuit 3-9 based on the strength bit data of B12jB13 and the acoustic effect of B14 (
Tremolo) Modifies envelope waveform data by performing addition and subtraction based on bit data. The modified data is D/A converted by a D/A converter 3-1O to generate an envelope.

11) The envelope is D/of tone generator section 2.
It is sent to the A converter 2-9 as a level control signal, and the D
/A converter 2-9 mixes the signal with the basic waveform and outputs an enveloped sound signal. The sound signal is sent to amplifier 9. Sound is emitted via the speaker 1o.

12) Incidentally, the humble pulses of T and G, which count 32 steps (one no further lobe read) in the frequency dividing circuit 3-7, are input to the address counter 6 and advance the address by one. As a result, the next music information pit nozzle turn is read out in the music information memory 7, and the operations 1) to 12) above are repeated.

13) In this way, the song information pit patterns are sequentially read out from the song information memory 7, and 11" are read out in 5B15 bits.
is output, a stop signal is output from the frequency division circuit 5, and each frequency dividing circuit 2-1゜2-8.2-7.8-1
．． 3-4.Reset 3-7 and close the internal gate circuit and complete the series of operations.

<Data Capacity of Memory> Incidentally, the data capacity of each memory in the above embodiment is as follows.

Scale division ratio memory 2-5...9 bits x 12 scale basic waveform memory 2-8...8 bits x 16 steps x 4 basic waveform note length division ratio memory 3-8...8 bits x 1 shortest Note length note length frequency division ratio memory 3-6... 8 bits x 16 notes length envelope waveform memory 3-8... 8 bits x 32 steps x 4 envelope waveforms (basic waveform and envelope) -2-8 contains these One cycle of the waveform is stored as six-minute data. The time charts in Figure 4) to (1) show examples of envelope waveforms.

The envelope is divided into 32 parts and stored in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 as 8-bit, 32-step digital data. The basic waveform and envelope waveform described above are just examples, and the present invention is not limited to these.

(%). The frequency of the fundamental waveform corresponds to each scale, and the length of the envelope corresponds to each note length.

The above functions will be explained in more detail below.

<Transposition/transposition, tempo adjustment> The chord diagram for scale data (B- to B3 bits) is shown in Figure 6, and the chord diagram for note length data (B4 to B7 bits) is shown in Figure 7.
As shown in the figure. Here, as shown in the diagram, scale data,
The note length data is encoded in sequential correspondence with the 14-pits F binary code. In addition, the scale data is 0000
'' (code OH) indicates a rest, and the note length is set using note length data.

If we consider the transposition and transposition of a scale using the above code, it becomes the addition and subtraction of a certain number of binary foods. For example, moving up a semitone from C major changes it to D flat major. One octave of C major is represented by “0100” (code 4H) to @1111” (code FH), and one octave of D flat major is represented by “0100” (code 4H) to @1111” (code FH).
101" (Code 5H,) ~ "010 above l octave
0” (Hood 4H), resulting in a C major chord of 000.
It becomes the addition of 1. Also, if you move down a semitone from C major, you get mouth major. The first octave of the major key at this time is
"1111' (Code FH) below the l octave, "0101' (Code 4H) ~" in the same octave, 1110"
(Code EH), which is the key of C major minus "0001". The upper and lower octaves are determined by the above addition and subtraction from "0100" (code 4H) to "1111" (code F
H) is represented by carries and borrows.

FIG. 8 shows the addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 of the tone generator section 2.
The details and its peripheral circuits are shown below.

In the embodiment, transposition and transposition are performed by shifting the pitch by 1 to 6 steps up or down on a chromatic scale. The switch SL of the input circuit 4 controls the D type flip-flop DF/F through the single pulse generating circuit OP1 every time it is operated, and the Q output signal SO goes upward when it is "0" and downward when it is "11". The switch S2 is used to set the number of notes for transposition/modulation, and the number of operations is counted in 3-bit binary 7-lip 70-bit BF/F via the single pulse generation circuit OP2. 8-bit output signal Ql#Q2#
Q3 represents the number of tones in binary code.

The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 includes four 4-bit adders AD1. A.D.
2. It consists of ADa, AD4 and a 4-bit comparator CO. The well-known method of subtraction is performed by converting the B input terminal of the adder AD to the complement of "]" and adding @1' to the C1n (carry manual) terminal.

When the Q output signal So of the D type flip-flop DF/F is chip 01 (upward transposition/modulation), normal addition processing is performed. 1 for Q1 to Q3 bits for transposition/modulation
If an arbitrary number of tones from .about.6 is set, when the scale data (B--Ba) bits are read from the music information memory 7, the set number of tones are sequentially added by the adder AD1.

When there is a carry, adder AD2 adds octave data (B8, 89) read from song information memory 7.
bit) is incremented by +1, indicating that the pitch has gone up one octave. However, when there is a carry, the 11-octave scale is represented by "0100" (code 4H) to @1111" (code FH), so 4 (code 4H) is added to the added scale data to correct it. There is a need.

When the carry CO is output, the Q4 signal is @1'', and 4 is added in the adder AD3.

When the Q output signal So of the D-type 7-rip 70-tube DF/F is "1" (downward transposition/modulation), subtraction is performed in the adder AD. In this subtraction, if the subtraction result is 3 (“001 bits”) or less, octave data (B8
', 89 pits), and further subtract 4 from the result of the subtraction of the scale data to correct it. 4
("0100") is performed in the adder AD3 when the Q4 signal is "1". Since the Q output signal So of the D type flip-flop DF/F is "I", when the carrier IJ-co is @0", or the result of subtraction of scale data by the comparator CO is 3 ("oo+o") ~ o (−
Q4 when it is detected that it is within the range of
0 when the signal becomes “1” In this type of subtraction processing, B-~B3 bit data is Q3
~When larger than Q1 bit data, Kya')-Co(”
1”) is output.The subtraction result is 8 (“0011”) ~
When in the range of 0 (“0ooo”), carry CO is @1
', but the comparator CO detects that it is within this range, and the Q4 signal is ``. 4H) is output and transposition/transposition of 5 or 6 notes downward is set, or scale data "0101" (code 5H) of door, shi 1 is output and transposition/transposition of 6 notes downward is set. )
, the subtraction result is "111", which is one level lower and represents a value less than or equal to θ.
1'' (code Ff() or “1llO” (code EH)
Therefore, carry CO is not output. That is, in this case as well, the Q4 signal becomes @1''.

In this way, if the subtraction result is less than or equal to a("ooll"), the adder AD3 further subtracts 4 to correct it.

Adder AD2 for octave control. In AD4, since "1" is added to the B1+B2 terminal in the subtraction process, -1 is subtracted only when there is no carry human power Cin. The subtraction result is 3 ("0011") to 0 (10000")
), adder AD1 outputs Kya! J-Co(“1”
), is output, adder AD2 does not subtract -l, 0 but 1 Adder AD3 subtracts for correction, and since the data input to AQ-A3 terminal is 4 or less, the carrier IJ-co is No output. Therefore, in this case, the adder AD4 subtracts -1, and the octave is designated as one below the one read out from the music information memory 7.

"1111" (code FH) indicating that the subtraction result is 0 or less
, “1110” (code EH), adder A
Carry Co is not output in DZ, and adder AD2
Then -1 is subtracted.

In subtraction for correction of adder ADa, carry Co is output from adder AD3, so adder AD4 outputs -1.
Do not subtract. As a result, even when the subtraction result represents 0 or less, it is specified as one octave lower.

In this example, the scale including the chromatic part is @010
0'' (code 4H) to ``1111'' (code FH) are made to correspond sequentially according to the binary code, so it is possible to specify the transposed and transposed scales by simple addition and subtraction.

The tempo can also be achieved by adding or subtracting an arbitrary number (binary code) to the output of the 6-bit frequency division ratio memory 8-3 using a similar addition/subtraction circuit 3-11 to change the shortest note length.

<Generation of musical instrument sounds> The sound of an instrument is composed of an envelope and the fundamental waveform that forms the envelope, and by specifying the fundamental waveform and envelope, you can specify the instrument sound. °Kill.

The musical instrument recombination sounds outputted from 7 are BIO and Bll, and in this case, the instrument sound can be switched for each note. Instrument recombination bit B1o, Bll
The data is input to the basic waveform memory 2-8 and the envelope waveform memory 3-8, and the corresponding basic waveform and envelope waveform are selected. An example of the basic waveform is shown in FIG. 3). If the envelope wave diagnosis 1 is selected (-), an instrument sound having a waveform form as shown in FIG. 5 will be output.

The 2-pit C signal inputted into the basic waveform memory 2-8 increases the naturalness and audibility of the sound. The combination of basic waveforms may change within one envelope. Generally, as shown in the typical envelope waveform in Figure 4(p), the time from the rise of the sound to the peak is called the attack time A, the time from the peak to the hold level is called the decay time D, and the time from the peak to the hold level is called the decay time D. The holding level time is called sustain time S, and the falling time is called release time R, and the basic waveform usually changes during these periods. In this embodiment, the envelope period is equally divided into four by a 2-bit C signal and approximated to this.

The basic waveform can be changed in various ways, such as slight changes by adding higher-order frequencies, or a certain period of a certain musical instrument sound having a completely different basic waveform.

In this case, the musical instrument recombination pitch) B10. Since it is specified by Btt and it is necessary to select a fundamental waveform in each of the four periods of the envelope, 4 × 4 fundamental waveforms are memorized.・The data capacity of fundamental wave type memory 2-8 is 8 pins) x 16 steps x (4 x 4) This becomes the basic waveform.

<Sound strength and tremolo control> The strength of the sound is determined by the magnitude of the amplitude, so by adjusting the level of the entire envelope, and since the tremolo effect is so-called low frequency amplitude modulation, the envelope waveform can be adjusted at low frequencies. This can be achieved by amplitude modulation.

FIG. 9 shows details of the arithmetic circuit 3-9 of the envelope section 3 and its peripheral circuits. Arithmetic circuit 3-9 is addition/subtraction circuit 3-
9-1 and a shift circuit 8-9-2. The data of bit B14 for tremolo is added/subtracted by circuit 3-9-1.
B12. The data of B13 is input to the shift circuit 8-9-2.

(Beep when reading the song information memory 7) If the data of B14 is 11", tremolo is applied.

, tremolo is often applied to the latter half of the envelope waveform, and in this example, the AND gate A is connected to the frequency divider circuit 3-7.
By adding the most significant bit output 05 of , the tremolo timing is controlled.

The frequency dividing circuit 3-7 sequentially specifies the address of the envelope waveform memory 8-8 (7) 32 steps to the 5-bit binary frequency divided output, and the most significant bit output 05
becomes @1' from the point where the address after the intermediate step is specified.

When the B14 bit data is 11'' and the output 05 becomes ``1'' from the middle point of the envelope, the low frequency signal fT is input to the addition/subtraction circuit 3-9-1 via the AND gate A. Based on the "hi" and "0" signals of this low frequency signal fT, a predetermined number is added to or subtracted from the 8-bit binary code indicating the envelope waveform.In other words, this causes the digital amount of the envelope waveform to change at the low frequency fT. receive.

Assuming that it is not affected by the shift circuit 3-9-2), the analog signal is input to the D/A frequency converter 3-10 at the subsequent stage of the shift circuit 8-9-2, and the latter half of the envelope is amplitude-modulated with the low frequency fT'. Output.

The strength of the sound is determined by the bits specified by the strength control pitches Bll and B12 in the shift circuit 8-9-2.
This is done by appropriately shifting the output of the addition/subtraction circuit 8-9-1. For example, in accordance with the data of s B12 + Bta bits, the 32-step binary code output to the addition/subtraction circuit 3-9-1 is sequentially shifted by a specified number of bits, and the digital amount of the entire envelope is changed by a predetermined amount.

The shifted binary output is sent to the D/A converter 3-1.
The signal is changed from 0 to an analog signal, but it is output as an analog signal having twice the amplitude in an 1-bit shift, 4 times in the 2-bit shift, and 8 times in the 8-bit shift. In other words, 1, 2,
The strength of the sound can be controlled with an amplitude change of 4.8 times.

As described above, the present invention includes a song information memory, a basic waveform memory, and an envelope waveform memory, and the basic waveform is read out from the song information memory in accordance with one cycle of the frequency of each scale specified, Further, the envelope waveform is read out according to the period of each note length, and each note has a predetermined combination of basic waveform and envelope, so that music can be played with rich audio.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an overall circuit block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a time chart showing an example of bit allocation for song information memory, and Fig. 5 is a time chart showing an example of mixing basic waveforms and envelope waveforms. Figure 6 is a diagram showing code examples corresponding to each scale, Figure 7 is a diagram showing code examples corresponding to each note length, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing details of the area around the addition/subtraction circuit in Figure 1. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of main parts showing in detail the periphery of the arithmetic circuit section of FIG. 1. l...Oscillation/branching circuit, 2...Tone generator section, 3...Envelope generation section, 6...Address counter, 7...Song information memory, 2-8
...Basic waveform memory, 3-8...Envelope waveform memory. . Agent Patent Attorney Aihiko Fukushi

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first memory means for storing music information having at least scale data and note length data as a bit pattern, and in response to reading of scale data from the first memory means,
a second memory for storing a fundamental waveform read out corresponding to one cycle of the frequency representing each scale; and a period of each note length according to reading of note length data from the first memory means; 1. A third memory for storing an envelope waveform read out corresponding to 1. A musical piece characterized in that the song is played back with a predetermined tone using a combination of the basic waveform and the envelope waveform. performance equipment.