JPS5910141B2 - Continuous pumped storage power generation equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a continuous pumped storage power generation facility having a plurality of stages of pumped storage power generation plants in a single channel system, and its purpose is to control the flow rate so that the flow rate of each stage is equal, Our goal is to provide continuous pumped storage power generation equipment that can operate efficiently.

In recent years, hydroelectric power plants have been increasing in height and capacity due to economic considerations.

However, in pumped storage power plants, there is a limit to their pumping capacity with current technology, and the practical pumping height is 6 to 700.
It is estimated that the limit is about m. Therefore, in pumped storage power plants with higher heads than this, so-called continuous pumped storage power generation facilities have been put into practical use, in which an intermediate dam is installed between the upper and lower dams, and power plants are installed in two locations, the upper and lower stages, to generate pumped storage power. There is. In such continuous pumped storage power generation facilities, controlling the amount of water flowing through each stage is a major problem. To explain this in detail with reference to Figure 1, an intermediate dam 4 is installed between the upper dam 3 and the lower dam 5, and the first power plant 1 and the second power plant 2 that connect each are used for flood control, power generation, and water pumping. In continuous pumped storage power generation facilities, the upper dam 3 and the lower dam 5 are generally built with a large capacity for the purpose of water storage and flood control, but the intermediate dam 4 should be constructed as small as possible due to economic constraints. In such an ultra-high head continuous pumped storage power generation facility, the volume between water levels 10 and 6 of the upper dam 3 and the volume between water levels 8 and 12 of the lower dam 5 are adjusted so that the amount of water that can be stored in the upper dam 3 and the lower dam 5 is equal. It is natural that the volumes between the two sites are planned to be the same, but it is rare to find a location with good location conditions that allows the areas to be the same. Therefore, there are many cases where the usable water depth is different between upper dam 3 and lower dam 5.
For this reason, for example, if the upper dam 3 is a flat and shallow pond while the lower dam 5 is a deep and narrow pond, while the head of the first power plant changes only slightly from H4A to H1B,
The head of the second power plant changes drastically from H2A to H2B. In such a case, the pump pumping amount characteristics of the first power plant 1 and the second power plant 2 will be as shown in FIG. In other words, the amount of water that can be pumped in a certain period of time is expressed by the integral value of this characteristic curve, and these are naturally equal, but the fluctuation in the head of the second power plant 2 is greater than the fluctuation in the head of the first power plant 1. Since it is larger, the amount of pumped water fluctuates greatly, so Q and A become larger than Q2A, and Q and B become smaller than Q2B. Thus, if Q2 is larger than Q in FIG. 1, as in case A, for example, the intermediate dam 4 will quickly overflow. Otherwise, the second power plant would have to start up and shut down every 5 or 10 minutes. In short, in continuous pumped storage power generation facilities, the intermediate dam provided simply for the passage of flowing water is desired to have a small capacity from the viewpoint of cost, and for this reason it is necessary to appropriately control the flow rate of water at each stage.

The present invention has been developed in consideration of the above-mentioned issues, and focuses on the fact that the flow rate at each stage changes depending on the head (head) change, and makes it possible to arbitrarily set the head (head) at each stage. The flow rate is made equal.

In other words, the features of this return are: an upper dam, a lower dam, an intermediate dam installed between the upper dam and the lower dam, and a pipeline installed in the middle of a pipe connecting the upper dam and the intermediate dam. In a continuous pumping water power generation facility equipped with a lower pumped storage power station installed in the middle of a pipe connecting the lower dam and the intermediate dam, the upper dam and the upper 5 pumped storage power stations are connected. The upper sub dam installed in the middle of the pipeline, the lower sub dam installed in the middle of the pipeline connecting the lower dam and the lower pumped storage power plant, the upper dam and upper sub dam, and the lower dam and lower sub dam. A pipeline that communicates with each other and has an on-off valve in the middle, and a pipeline that connects the upper dam and the upper pumped storage power plant, and a pipeline that connects the intermediate dam and the lower pumped storage power plant, respectively. and a flow rate detection device that detects the flow rate in each pipe, and a flow rate detection device that controls the operation of the on-off valve when a difference of more than a certain amount occurs between the flow rates detected by each flow rate detection device. The continuous pumped storage power generation facility is equipped with a control device that controls the flow rate of each pipe approximately equally.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7.

3 to 5, the same symbols as in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same parts, and 7 and 11 are the upper sub-dam 1 provided in the upper dam 3.
Shows the water level of 5. Reference numerals 9 and 13 indicate water levels in lower sub-dams provided within the lower dam 5, and penstocks 30 and 33 open into the upper and lower sub-dams 15 and 16, respectively.

14 is the water level of the intermediate dam 4, 17 is an electromagnetic flow meter installed in the middle of the penstock 30 connecting the first power station 1 and Kamisoe dam 15, and 18 is the penstock connecting the intermediate dam 4 and the second power station 2. 3
The flow rate detection signals of each stage detected by the electromagnetic flowmeters 17 and 18 are sent to the intermediate dam water level controller 23.

A bypass path 19 communicates the upper dam 3 and the upper sub-dam 15, and has a bypass valve 20 in the middle thereof.

21 is a bypass path that communicates the lower dam 5 and the lower sub-dam 16, and has a bypass valve 22 in the middle thereof.

These bypass valves 20 and 22 are opened and closed as appropriate by signals from the intermediate dam water level controller 23 described above. That is, the bypass valves 20 and 22 are operated by changes in the flow rates within the penstocks 30 and 32. 24 and 25 are comparators of the first and second power plants, respectively, which compare input signals.

26 is an addition calculator, 27 is a subtraction calculator, and 28 is a constant voltage generator for giving a bias signal to each calculator 26 and 27, and when a difference of more than a certain level occurs in the amount of water pumped up and down (flow rate) It operates to control the opening and closing of the bypass valves 20 and 22.

These comparators 24, 25, addition/subtraction operators 26, 2
7. The constant voltage generator 28 constitutes the intermediate dam water level controller 23. And the comparator 24 is the electromagnetic flowmeter 1
7 receives a voltage according to the flow rate in the penstock 30. In addition, the voltage generated by the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 according to the flow rate in the penstock 32 and the bias voltage from the constant voltage generator 28 are added to the addition calculator 26, and the signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter 17 is higher than the voltage output from this. If the voltage from the electromagnetic flowmeter 17 is greater than the voltage, a command is issued to close the bypass valve 20 and open the bypass valve 22, and the comparator 25 subtracts the voltage from the electromagnetic flowmeter 17.
If the voltage is smaller than the voltage from 7, a command is issued to open the bypass valve 20 and close the bypass valve 22. Therefore, assuming that the first and second power plants 1 and 2 are in pumping operation in case A shown in FIG. is smaller than the pumped water amount of the second power plant 2, that is, the flow rate Q2A in the penstock 32.

In such a case, the voltage generated by the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 is higher than the voltage generated by the electromagnetic flowmeter 17, and the comparator 25 closes the bypass valve 22 while the bypass valve 20 remains open.

As a result, the water level 7 of the upper secondary dam 15 rises little by little, and the water level 13 of the lower secondary dam 16 rapidly decreases because the lower dam 5 is not replenished (the water level 12 of the lower dam 5 is lowered by the bypass valve 22).
(does not change due to being closed) whose head is H
It increases rapidly from 2A to H2. Therefore, as is well known, as the head increases, the flow rate decreases, and the pumped water amount of the second power plant 2 decreases from Q2A shown in FIG. 2 to Q4A shown in FIG. 4, and the pumped water amount QlA of the first power plant 1. be equal. At this point, since no voltage difference appears in the comparators 24 and 25, the bypass valves 20 and 22 maintain their state.

However, as mentioned above, the water level fluctuation rate of the upper and lower secondary dams 15 and 16 is large, so if the operation continues in the above-mentioned state, the water level of the lower secondary dam 16 will drop too much, and in such a case, the flow rate Q'2A will decrease. The flow rate further decreases, and the electromagnetic flowmeter 18 of the penstock 32 detects a smaller value than the flow rate detected by the electromagnetic flowmeter 17 of the penstock 30. In this case, the bypass valve 20 is closed and the bypass valve 22 is opened, contrary to the above. As a result, the water level 7 of Kamisoe Dam 15 rose rapidly, and the water level of Shimozoe Dam 16
The water level rises, so the flow rates become equal again or return to the original state of case A. In this way, the flow rate is adjusted by opening and closing the bypass valves 20, 22 of the upper and lower secondary dams, but when the bypass valves 20, 22 are closed, the water level change rate of the upper and lower secondary dams 15, 16 is abrupt as described above. Therefore, if the bypass valves 20 and 22 are frequently opened and closed, there is a risk that hydraulic vibrations will occur in the penstocks 30 and 32. In such a case, the bypass valves 20 and 22 may be controlled to an appropriate opening degree depending on the degree of the flow rate difference.

This is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Figure 6 shows the control block diagram for the electromagnetic flowmeter 17.
, 18 are sent to comparators 24 and 25, respectively, and compared, and depending on the magnitude, an opening/closing signal for the bypass valves 20 and 22 is issued. The signal is sent to transducers 34 and 35 to operate pilot valves 36 and 37. This operation is transmitted to the valve servos 38 and 39, thereby switching the pressure regulating valves 40 and 41 and opening and closing the bypass valves 20 and 22. The movement of the bypass valves 20, 22 is fed back to the transducers 34, 35 via the regulating rate devices 42, 43, and the pressure regulating valves 40, 41 return to the neutral position at positions corresponding to the signals of the comparators 24, 25. Bypass valves 20, 22 stop at their corresponding positions. That is, the bypass valves 20 and 22 settle at appropriate positions according to the difference in flow rates detected by the electromagnetic flowmeters 17 and 18, that is, at an opening degree that does not cause rapid changes in the water levels of the sub dams 15 and 16.

Reference numeral 14-1 is a water level signal indicating a change in the water level of the intermediate dam 4 or a direction of the water level change, and when the water level reaches its upper and lower limits, the bypass valves 20 and 22 are opened and closed with priority over all other signals.

FIG. 7 shows a specific control device.

For example, if a command to open the bypass valves 20, 22 is sent to the transducers 34, 35, the transducers 34, 35 operate to pull up the plungers 44 of the pilot valves 36, 37. That is, the cap 46 attached to the end of the rod 45 of the transducer 34, 35 is provided to cover the opening 47 at the upper end of the plunger 44, and normally the pilot valve 36, 37
The pressure oil in chambers A and B is covered to the extent that part of the pressure oil from chamber A is discharged, and a portion of the pressure oil in chamber A is always discharged to prevent upward pressure in chamber B. It is balanced.
Therefore, when the transducers 34 and 35 pull up the rod 45 (the extent of this lifting is determined by the electromagnetic flowmeter 17,
(depending on the degree of difference detected by the cap 46)
7 is fully opened, the pressure in chamber A] decreases, and the plunger 44 is moved upward by the pressure in chamber B. The extent of this upward movement is the same as the upward movement of the cap 46 until the cap 46 partially closes the opening 47. The upward movement of the plunger 44 releases the pressure oil contained in the pilot valves 36 and 37.
The valve servos 38 and 39 are switched so that the piston 48 is moved upward. The upward movement of the piston 48 is controlled by the lever 49.
It is transmitted to the sleeve 50 via the piston 48, and closes the pressure oil port of the pilot valve to stop the upward movement of the piston 48. This piston 48 is a differential pressure piston, and pressure oil is always acting on the upper side thereof, and it moves upward due to the difference in the pressure receiving area. When the piston 48 moves upward, the plungers 51 of the pressure distribution valves 40 and 41 also move upward at the same time, and the pressure oil in the pressure distribution valves 40 and 41 enters the open side of the servo motor 52 for operating the bypass valves 20 and 22. operate the piston 53,
The valve bodies 54 of the directly connected bypass valves 20 and 22 are opened. The movement of the servo motor 52 is detected by the potentiometer 55, and the signal is sent to the transducer 34.
, 35, and when the opening corresponds to the signal commanded to the first transducer, the cap 46 is returned to its original neutral position. (moves downward) At this time, the cap 46 completely closes the opening 47, so the pressure oil in the A chamber is not discharged, and the plunger 44 is moved downward due to the difference in pressure receiving area between the A and B chambers. The downward movement of the plunger 48 is caused by valve servos 38, 39 and pilot valves 36, 3.
7 is switched to the oil drain port, and the piston 48 moves downward. When the piston 48 moves downward, the pilot sleeve 50 also moves downward via the lever 49, closing the oil drain port and stopping the downward movement of the piston 48. This stop position is the neutral position of the plunger 51, and the servo motor 52
The supply of pressure oil to is also stopped, and the opening operation of the valve body 54 is stopped. That is, the valve body 54 is removed and returned to the illustrated position. According to the present invention, sub-dams are provided in the upper and lower dams, and the water level of the sub-dams can be easily adjusted, so that the flow rate at each stage can be appropriately controlled.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing continuous pumped storage power generation equipment, Figure 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between flow rate and head, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the continuous pumped storage power generation equipment of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between flow rate and head. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the control device, FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the control device, and FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram showing a specific example of the control device shown in FIG. 6. be. 1...First power plant, 2...Second power plant, 3...Upper dam, 4...Intermediate dam, 5
・・・Lower dam, 15 ・・・Upper dam, 16
...Lower dam, 17,18...Magnetic flowmeter, 19,21...Bypass route, 20,2
2... Bypass valve, 23... Intermediate dam water level controller, 30-33... Penstock.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An upper dam, a lower dam, an intermediate dam installed between the upper dam and the lower dam, an upper pumped storage power plant installed in the middle of a pipe connecting the upper dam and the intermediate dam, and a lower dam. In a continuous pumped storage power generation facility equipped with a lower pumped storage power plant installed in the middle of a conduit that connects a dam and an intermediate dam, an upper sub-storage power generation facility that is installed in the middle of a conduit that connects an upper dam and an upper pumped storage power plant. dam and
A lower secondary dam installed in the middle of a pipeline connecting the lower dam and the lower pumped storage power plant, which connects the upper dam and the upper secondary dam, and the lower dam and the lower secondary dam, and has an on-off valve in the middle. A flow rate sensor is installed between the pipeline and the pipeline that connects the upper dam and the upper pumped storage power plant, as well as the middle of the pipeline that connects the intermediate dam and the lower pumped storage power plant, and detects the flow rate in each pipeline. A control device that controls the operation of the on-off valve when a difference of a certain amount or more occurs between the flow rate detected by the detection device and each flow rate detection device, and controls the flow rate of each pipe line provided with the flow rate detection device to be approximately equal. Continuous pumped storage power plant equipment characterized by being equipped with.