JPS5910277B2 - Seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas - Google Patents
Seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5910277B2 JPS5910277B2 JP55093417A JP9341780A JPS5910277B2 JP S5910277 B2 JPS5910277 B2 JP S5910277B2 JP 55093417 A JP55093417 A JP 55093417A JP 9341780 A JP9341780 A JP 9341780A JP S5910277 B2 JPS5910277 B2 JP S5910277B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- seawater
- low
- temperature
- vaporized gas
- temperature vaporized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Landscapes
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、ＬＮＧ（液化天然ガス９等を気化した際に発
生する低温気化ガスの顕熱を利用する淡水化方法である
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a desalination method that utilizes the sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas generated when LNG (liquefied natural gas 9 etc.) is vaporized.
従来ＬＮＧの気化に際し、このＬＮＧが保有する冷熱は
ご《一部分が空気液化分離工程、あるいは冷凍破砕等の
工程に利用されているのに過ぎず、残りの大部分は海水
に捨てられている。Conventionally, when LNG is vaporized, only a portion of the cold energy possessed by the LNG is used for processes such as air liquefaction separation or freeze crushing, and most of the rest is discarded into seawater.
また利用されている冷熱の大部分は、ＬＮＧの気化潜熱
であり、−１６０℃近辺の蒸発温度から常温近くまで気
化ガスを昇温するのに必要な顕熱の犬部分は利用されず
に海水等に捨てられているのが現状である。In addition, most of the cold energy used is the latent heat of vaporization of LNG, and the sensible heat required to raise the temperature of the vaporized gas from the evaporation temperature of around -160°C to near room temperature is not used and is used as seawater. The current situation is that they are being thrown away.
また、従来の海水淡水化装置においては、海水中にＬＮ
Ｇあるいは超低温の気化ガスを直接吹込んで結晶を形成
するようにしたものであるので、海水が急冷されて大粒
な、しかも表面に凹凸のある結晶を生ずる。In addition, in conventional seawater desalination equipment, LN is added to the seawater.
Since the crystals are formed by direct injection of G or ultra-low temperature vaporized gas, the seawater is rapidly cooled to form large crystals with an uneven surface.
したがってこれが次第に成長すると塩分を内部に包み込
んだ結晶となり、融解工程においてこの結晶を淡水で洗
浄しても前記塩分を排除できず、その結果塩分を殆んど
含有しない淡水を得ることが困難であった。Therefore, as these crystals gradually grow, they become crystals that contain salt, and even if these crystals are washed with fresh water during the melting process, the salt cannot be removed, and as a result, it is difficult to obtain fresh water that contains almost no salt. Ta.
本発明は前記の如く利用されずに捨てられていた顕熱（
冷熱）を有効に利用すべ《なされたものであって、その
目的とするところは、ＬＮＣ４の低温気化ガスの顕熱を
利用して海水の淡水化を行なうことにある。The present invention is based on the sensible heat that was discarded without being utilized as mentioned above.
The objective is to desalinate seawater using the sensible heat of the low-temperature vaporized gas of LNC4.
更に別の目的は、微細な結晶核を作り、これを成長させ
ることによって緻密な、しかも表面に凹凸の余りない結
晶を得ることのできる海水の淡水化方法を提供するもの
である。Still another object is to provide a method for desalinating seawater that can produce fine crystal nuclei and grow them to obtain dense crystals with minimal surface irregularities.
前記目的を達成するための本発明の構成は、好ましくは
−８０℃前後の低温気化ガス中に海水を直接噴射させて
向流接触により熱交換させ、海水のほｙ全量を凝固点以
下の結晶粒にしてから、更に予冷した海水に接触させて
過冷却して氷の結晶核を発生させ、これを成長させるこ
とを特徴とするものである。The configuration of the present invention to achieve the above object is to inject seawater directly into a low temperature vaporized gas, preferably around -80°C, to exchange heat by countercurrent contact, and to transfer almost the entire amount of seawater to crystal grains below the freezing point. It is characterized in that it is then further brought into contact with pre-cooled seawater to supercool it to generate ice crystal nuclei, which then grow.
以下図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
１は熱交換器で、上部に噴出ノズル５を有する海水管４
が設けられ、その下方に吹き出し部３を下方に有する低
温ガス管２が設けられ、更に下方には、攪拌機７を有す
る海水貯蔵部８が設けられている。1 is a heat exchanger, and a seawater pipe 4 has a jet nozzle 5 at the top.
A low-temperature gas pipe 2 having a blow-off section 3 below is provided below it, and a seawater storage section 8 having an agitator 7 is provided further below.
前記ガス管２に設けた吹き出し部３の噴出方向は、上部
より落下する海水の結晶粒の流れを妨げないように下方
に６０〜１５０程度の角度内にあるように設けられてい
る。The blowing direction of the blowing part 3 provided in the gas pipe 2 is set so as to be within an angle of about 60 to 150 downward so as not to impede the flow of crystal grains of seawater falling from the upper part.
海水管４の上方にはエリミネータ−６が設けられ、これ
によって海水の飛沫を、ガス流より分離し、このガスは
缶頂にある排ガス管１６より次の工程に送られる。An eliminator 6 is provided above the seawater pipe 4, which separates seawater droplets from the gas flow, and this gas is sent to the next process via an exhaust gas pipe 16 located at the top of the can.
１５は原料となる海水供給用の管で、ポンプ１２によっ
て定量の海水を海水管４に送り込む。15 is a pipe for supplying seawater as a raw material, and a pump 12 sends a fixed amount of seawater to the seawater pipe 4.
１３は冷熱源となる低温ガス供給管、１９は原料水管で
ある。13 is a low temperature gas supply pipe serving as a source of cold heat, and 19 is a raw material water pipe.
１０は造水缶で、これの詳細は図示していないが、結晶
缶，洗浄塔，融解槽で構成されており、前記熱交換器１
の海水貯蔵部８と、管１４およびスラリーポンプ１１を
介して接続されている。Reference numeral 10 denotes a freshwater generation can, although details of which are not shown in the figure, is composed of a crystallization can, a washing tower, and a melting tank, and the heat exchanger 1
It is connected to a seawater storage section 8 via a pipe 14 and a slurry pump 11.
また、遣水缶１０には淡水管１γと濃縮された海水等の
ドレン管１８が設けられている。Further, the water can 10 is provided with a freshwater pipe 1γ and a drain pipe 18 for concentrating seawater or the like.
次に、前記した淡水化設備の運転状況について説明する
。Next, the operating status of the desalination equipment described above will be explained.
本発明の冷熱源は低温ガスであり、このガスは前記の如
く空気液化分離工程、冷熱発電等の工程においてＬＮＧ
の気化潜熱を利用した後の−８０℃±２０℃またはそれ
以下のもの、また高圧の気化ガスをタービンで直接動力
を回収した後のものである。The cold heat source of the present invention is a low-temperature gas, and this gas is used in LNG in processes such as air liquefaction separation process and cold power generation as described above.
-80°C±20°C or lower after utilizing the latent heat of vaporization, and after directly recovering power from high-pressure vaporized gas with a turbine.
前記−８０℃±２０℃程度またはそれ以下の低温気化ガ
スは熱交換器１の下部に接続された低温ガス供拾管１３
を経てガス管２に設けられた吹き出し部３より熱交換器
１内に噴出する。The low-temperature vaporized gas of about -80°C ± 20°C or lower is supplied to a low-temperature gas supply pipe 13 connected to the lower part of the heat exchanger 1.
The gas is then blown out into the heat exchanger 1 from the blow-off section 3 provided in the gas pipe 2.
前記の如く、この吹き出し部３は下方に向けられている
のでガスは一旦下方に噴出された後方向を反転して矢印
２０の如《上昇する。As described above, since the blowing portion 3 is directed downward, the gas is once ejected downward, then reverses direction and rises as indicated by the arrow 20.
この低温のガスは、直接々触部９を上昇する間に管１５
を経で供給され、海水管４に設げられた噴出ノズル５よ
り下方に向って噴出される原料海水と直接々触して熱交
換し、０℃近くまで昇温して噴出ノズル５近辺に達しこ
こで同伴した水分の飛沫をエリミネータ−６で分離した
後排ガス管１６を経て排出される。This low-temperature gas flows directly through the pipe 15 while rising through the direct contact section 9.
The raw seawater is supplied through the seawater pipe 4 and is spouted downward from the spout nozzle 5. It directly contacts and exchanges heat with the raw material seawater, raising the temperature to nearly 0°C and releasing it near the spout nozzle 5. The entrained moisture droplets are separated by an eliminator 6 and then discharged through an exhaust gas pipe 16.
一方熱交換部９で低温気化ガスより熱を奪った海水は凝
固して結晶粒となり、更に落下しながら凝固点以下に冷
却されて下部海水貯溜部８に達する。On the other hand, the seawater that has taken heat from the low-temperature vaporized gas in the heat exchange section 9 solidifies into crystal grains, which are further cooled down to below the freezing point while falling, and reach the lower seawater storage section 8 .
海水貯溜部８には造水缶１０より送出される淡水および
ブラインと熱交換して予熱された原料海水が管１４を経
て供給される。The seawater storage section 8 is supplied with raw seawater that has been preheated by exchanging heat with the fresh water and brine sent out from the fresh water generator 10 through a pipe 14 .
海水貯溜部８において上記原料海水と該結晶粒はアジテ
ーター７により攪拌され熱交換する。In the seawater reservoir 8, the raw seawater and the crystal grains are agitated by an agitator 7 and exchange heat.
このとき、該結晶粒の表面が融解し原料海水中に氷の結
晶核を発生するまで過冷却させスラリーを作る。At this time, the surface of the crystal grains is supercooled until the surface of the crystal grains melts and ice crystal nuclei are generated in the raw seawater to form a slurry.
この過冷却スラリーは例えば、海水の場合−３℃で結氷
するので、これより０．１℃程度低い温度に保持する。For example, since seawater freezes at -3°C, this supercooled slurry is maintained at a temperature approximately 0.1°C lower than this temperature.
このスラリーを管１４を経てスラリーポンプ１１により
造水缶１０に送り淡水を製造する。This slurry is sent through a pipe 14 to a freshwater generating can 10 by a slurry pump 11 to produce fresh water.
この造水缶１０は、詳細に図示されていないが、結晶缶
，洗浄塔，融解槽等淡水化に必要な機能を有する装置が
設けられている。Although not shown in detail, the fresh water generation can 10 is provided with devices having functions necessary for desalination, such as a crystallization can, a washing tower, and a melting tank.
この造水缶１０により製造された淡水は淡水管１７より
、また分離されたブラインはドレン管１８より系外に送
り出される。The fresh water produced by the fresh water generating can 10 is sent out of the system through a fresh water pipe 17, and the separated brine is sent out through a drain pipe 18.
尚本実施例ではエリミネータ−６を熱交換器１内上部に
設けたが独立させてガスの後流側に設けてもよい。Although the eliminator 6 is provided in the upper part of the heat exchanger 1 in this embodiment, it may be provided independently on the downstream side of the gas.
以上の如く、本発明においては、従来海水等を冷却して
捨てられていた低温気化ガスの保有していた冷熱を利用
して海水と直接々触させてこれを冷却するように構成し
たので省エネルギー化を図ることができる。As described above, in the present invention, the cold energy possessed by low-temperature vaporized gas, which was conventionally cooled and discarded by cooling seawater, etc., is used to cool the seawater by bringing it into direct contact with the seawater, thereby saving energy. It is possible to aim for
本発明によれば、海水を冷却してこれを凝固させて結晶
粒とし、海水貯溜部８において予冷された原料海水と混
合されて熱交換し、原料海水中に氷の結晶核を発生する
まで過冷却してスラリー化し、これを造水缶１０に送り
込めばよいので、従来の冷凍法による海水淡水化装置に
比較して著し《簡略化され、それに保って建設費も安価
なものとなる。According to the present invention, seawater is cooled and solidified into crystal grains, which are mixed with pre-cooled raw seawater in the seawater storage section 8 and heat exchanged, until ice crystal nuclei are generated in the raw seawater. Since it is sufficient to supercool the slurry and send it to the desalination tank 10, it is much simpler than the seawater desalination equipment using the conventional freezing method, and the construction cost is also kept low. Become.
海水貯溜部においては、微細な結晶粒を作ることが必要
で、これには結氷温度にある海水を予冷した海水と混合
して過冷却状態で攪拌する。In the seawater reservoir, it is necessary to create fine crystal grains by mixing seawater at freezing temperature with pre-cooled seawater and stirring in a supercooled state.
この工程で得られた結晶粒は表面に殆んど凹凸のなり・
もので、塩分をその内部に包み込むことは殆んどない。The crystal grains obtained in this process have mostly uneven surfaces.
It is a substance that rarely encloses salt inside it.
この結晶粒は、核となるもので遣水缶の結晶缶中で成長
して氷片あるいは氷塊となる。These crystal grains serve as the core and grow in the crystal can of the water can, becoming ice chips or ice blocks.
この氷片あるいは氷塊は薄い板状のものが多く、その内
部には塩分を包み込まず、したがってこれを洗浄すれば
塩分のない氷片あるいは氷塊が得られるので、純度のよ
い淡水が得られる。These ice chips or ice blocks are often thin plate-shaped and do not enclose salt inside, so if they are washed, salt-free ice chips or ice blocks can be obtained, resulting in highly pure fresh water.
なお、実施例中には詳述しなかったが、海水管４に設け
た噴出ノズル５における海水の噴出温度が凝固点以下に
ならないように海水噴出部の周囲温度を維持するように
熱交換器を構成する必要がある。Although not described in detail in the examples, a heat exchanger was installed to maintain the ambient temperature of the seawater spout so that the seawater spout temperature at the spout nozzle 5 provided in the seawater pipe 4 did not drop below the freezing point. Must be configured.
図は、本発明の実施例を示すもので、低温ガスを利用し
た淡水化装置の概略図である。
１・・・・・・熱交換器、２・・・・・・ガス管、３・
・・・・・吹き出し部、４・・・・・・海水管、５・・
・・・・噴出ノズル、８・・・・・・海水貯溜部、９・
・・・・・直接々触部、１０・・・・・・造水缶、２０
・・・・・・低温気化ガス流れ方向。The figure shows an embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic diagram of a desalination apparatus using low-temperature gas. 1...Heat exchanger, 2...Gas pipe, 3.
...Blowout part, 4...Seawater pipe, 5...
...Blowout nozzle, 8... Seawater reservoir, 9.
... Direct contact part, 10 ... Water production can, 20
・・・・・・Flow direction of low temperature vaporized gas.
Claims (1)
と海水とを直接々触してこの海水のほｇ全量を凝固点以
下の結晶粒とし、この結晶粒に、十分に予冷した海水を
接触させて氷の結晶核を形成させることを特徴とする低
温気化ガスの顕熱を利用する海水の淡水化方法。 ２ 低温気化ガスは−８０℃前後の温度であることを特
徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の低温気化ガスの顕
熱を利用する海水の淡水化方法。 ３ 低温気化ガスと海水との熱交換部における海水噴出
部の温度が凝固点以下にならないように海水噴出部の周
囲の温度を維持するように熱交換器を構成したことを特
徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の低温気化ガスの顕
熱を利用する海水の淡水化方法。 ４ 低温気化ガスと直接々触させた低温の海水を過冷却
状態として結晶核を形成することを特徴とする特許請求
の範囲第１項記載の低温気化ガスの顕熱を利用する海水
の淡水化方法。[Claims] 1. Seawater is spouted into low-temperature vaporized gas, and the low-temperature vaporized gas and seawater are brought into direct contact to convert the entire amount of seawater into crystal grains below the freezing point, and the crystal grains are sufficiently A seawater desalination method that uses the sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas, which is characterized by bringing pre-cooled seawater into contact with ice crystals to form ice crystal nuclei. 2. A seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature vaporized gas has a temperature of around -80°C. 3. A heat exchanger in a heat exchange section between low-temperature vaporized gas and seawater is configured to maintain the temperature around the seawater spout so that the temperature of the seawater spout does not drop below the freezing point. A seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas according to scope 1. 4. Desalination of seawater using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas according to claim 1, characterized in that low-temperature seawater brought into direct contact with low-temperature vaporized gas is brought into a supercooled state to form crystal nuclei. Method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP55093417A JPS5910277B2 (en) | 1980-07-09 | 1980-07-09 | Seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP55093417A JPS5910277B2 (en) | 1980-07-09 | 1980-07-09 | Seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5719080A JPS5719080A (en) | 1982-02-01 |
| JPS5910277B2 true JPS5910277B2 (en) | 1984-03-07 |
Family
ID=14081716
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP55093417A Expired JPS5910277B2 (en) | 1980-07-09 | 1980-07-09 | Seawater desalination method using sensible heat of low-temperature vaporized gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5910277B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5910383A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-01-19 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Lng desalting device for sea water |
| JP4792654B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2011-10-12 | ぺんてる株式会社 | mechanical pencil |
| US7856843B2 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2010-12-28 | Enis Ben M | Thermal energy storage system using compressed air energy and/or chilled water from desalination processes |
-
1980
- 1980-07-09 JP JP55093417A patent/JPS5910277B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5719080A (en) | 1982-02-01 |
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