JPS5910424B2 - Exterior parts for watches - Google Patents
Exterior parts for watchesInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5910424B2 JPS5910424B2 JP3799979A JP3799979A JPS5910424B2 JP S5910424 B2 JPS5910424 B2 JP S5910424B2 JP 3799979 A JP3799979 A JP 3799979A JP 3799979 A JP3799979 A JP 3799979A JP S5910424 B2 JPS5910424 B2 JP S5910424B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- corrosion resistance
- plating
- band
- bands
- plated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、時計用外装部品に係ヤ特にメッキを施しても
耐食性の良好な時計用外装部品に係るものであるが、そ
の効果は腕時計用バンドに顕著な効果を示す。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an exterior part for a watch that has good corrosion resistance even when the exterior part is plated. show.
従来、腕時計用バンド特にメッキを施した腕時計用バン
ドの材質は一般的に黄銅、洋白、モネルメタル、丹銅等
の銅合金もしくはＮｉ、Ｃｒ合金さらにはステンレス鋼
特にＳＵＳ３１６Ｌ、３０４系が使用されている。Conventionally, the materials used for watch bands, especially plated watch bands, are generally brass, nickel silver, Monel metal, copper alloys such as red bronze, Ni, Cr alloys, and stainless steels, especially SUS316L and 304 series. There is.
しかしながら上記の金属にメッキを施した場合の耐食性
は非常に悪く市場におけるクレームの問題はいまだ解決
されていない。However, when the above metals are plated, their corrosion resistance is very poor, and the problem of complaints in the market has not yet been resolved.
もともと腕時計用バンドは、隙間の多い構造を有してい
るため銅合金のように腕時計用バンドとして素地が使用
不可能な材質はメッキを施しても実用に供することは不
可能である。Wristwatch bands originally have a structure with many gaps, so materials such as copper alloys whose base material cannot be used as watch bands cannot be put to practical use even if plated.
なぜならば当然隙間にはメッキが付いておらず耐食性の
悪い銅合金は携帯時にサビを発生させる。しかも、長期
携帯においてメッキ層の摩耗も生じ銅合金の素地が露出
すればこれも当然サビの発生につながる。またＮｉ、Ｃ
ｒ合金においては、Ｃｒが１０％〜１２％Ｎｉが残分と
なつているためＣｒの不働態化膜が不充分でありメッキ
を施しても腕時計用バンドのような苛酷な条件での使用
においては、サビが発生しクレームとなる。ここでＣｒ
の添加量をさらに増加すると耐食性は向上するがＣｒＮ
ｉの金属間化合物が析出し硬化し、バンド加工は不可能
のため実用には供し得ない。また３１６Ｌ等の一般的な
ステンレス鋼にメッキを行なえば、パイプバンド、板巻
バンド、ムクブロツクバンドの耐食性は上記材料すなわ
ち銅合金、ＮｉＣｒ合金で作製したメッキバンドより向
上するが、メッシュバンド、目ツブシバンド等さらに隙
間の多いタイプのバンドの耐食性の向上は認められない
。This is because, of course, there is no plating in the gaps, and copper alloys with poor corrosion resistance will rust when carried. Moreover, if the plating layer is worn out over a long period of time and the copper alloy base is exposed, this naturally leads to rust. Also Ni, C
In r-alloy, Cr is 10% to 12% and Ni is the remainder, so the Cr passivation film is insufficient, and even if plated, it cannot be used in harsh conditions such as watch bands. Rust occurs and results in complaints. Here Cr
Corrosion resistance improves when the amount of CrN added is further increased, but
The intermetallic compound of i precipitates and hardens, making band processing impossible, so it cannot be put to practical use. Furthermore, if general stainless steel such as 316L is plated, the corrosion resistance of pipe bands, plate-wrapped bands, and solid block bands will be improved compared to plated bands made of the above materials, ie, copper alloys and NiCr alloys, but mesh bands, No improvement in corrosion resistance was observed for bands with more gaps such as burlap bands.
以下にその理由を述べる。The reason is explained below.
ステンレス鋼へのメッキの重要なポイントはメッキの前
処理にあるが活性化処理を充分に行なえばバンド中央部
まで活性化されＣｒの不働態化膜は完全に除去された状
態になつてしまう。つまやメッキが回ヤ込まないバンド
中央部も活性化によりＣｒ４Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ、の溶出がおき
るわけであり、特にＣｒはイオン化傾向が大きくＦｅＮ
Ｎｉより優先的且つ相対的に余計に溶出する。したがつ
て活性化前と後の材料の表面層はＣｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、量
が相対的に異なわ、活性化処理後はＣｒが減少している
と考えられる。材料の表面層が上記の状態になつたまま
メッキを施すわけであるからメッキが付く部分は耐食性
には問題ないがメッシュバンドの中央部つまわ編まれた
内側はメッキが付かないことから耐食性がＣｒに濃度の
低くなつた分だけ悪くなる。さらにメツキ材質はＡｕｓ
Ｐｄ．Ｒｈ．Ｒｕ５等賢金属が一般的であり電気的に貴
であるため人工汗、海水等電解質の溶液にさらされると
メツキの付いていない部分とメツキ部分とで電位差腐食
が生じ特にＣｒ濃度が低くなると相乗効果でサビは著し
く発生する。したがつてメツシユバンド等、非常に隙間
の多いしかもレジストでメツキの不必要部分をカバー出
来ないバンド構造のものは３１６Ｌ等のステンレスにメ
２キを施すだけでは耐食性の観点から不充分である。An important point in plating stainless steel is the pre-treatment of plating, but if the activation treatment is performed sufficiently, the center of the band will be activated and the Cr passivation film will be completely removed. Cr4Ni and Fe elute due to activation even in the central part of the band where the nail plating is not applied. In particular, Cr has a strong tendency to ionize and FeN
It elutes more preferentially and relatively more than Ni. Therefore, the amounts of Cr, Fe, and Ni in the surface layer of the material before and after activation are relatively different, and it is thought that Cr is reduced after the activation treatment. Plating is applied while the surface layer of the material is in the above state, so there is no problem with corrosion resistance in the part where the plating is applied, but the inside part, which is woven around the center of the mesh band, is not plated, so the corrosion resistance is not affected. It worsens as the concentration of Cr decreases. Furthermore, the mating material is Aus.
Pd. Rh. Metals such as Ru5 are common and electrically noble, so when exposed to electrolyte solutions such as artificial sweat and seawater, potential difference corrosion occurs between the unplated parts and the plated parts, which becomes synergistic especially when the Cr concentration is low. As a result, rust occurs significantly. Therefore, for band structures such as mesh bands that have a large number of gaps and in which the unnecessary portions of plating cannot be covered with resist, simply plating stainless steel such as 316L is insufficient from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance.
本発明は上記の欠点を改善したメツキを施しても耐食性
の良い時計用外装部品特に腕時計用バンドを提供するも
のである。The present invention provides an exterior part for a watch, particularly a watch band, which has good corrosion resistance even when plated, and which improves the above-mentioned drawbacks.
まず本発明の成分の限定理由を以下に述べる。First, the reason for limiting the components of the present invention will be described below.
Ｃ％は０．１％以下とした理由は０Ｊ％を越えると耐食
性が著しく悪くなるためである。Ｃｒ％を１２％〜３０
％゛以下とした理由は、１２％以下であると耐食性は非
常に悪くなうまた３０％以上添加するとσ相の現出で脆
弱化しバンド作製に問題になるためである。Ｎｉ％は８
％〜４５％に限定したが、その理由は８％以下であれば
オーステナイト相が実質的に不安定になり４５％以上添
加しても本鋼の構成から考慮しそれ以上の耐食性の向上
は得がたいためである。Ｐｄ，．ＲｈｓＲｕ５Ｉｒ，．
Ｐｔ、０Ｓ１のうちから選ばれる何れか少くとも１種も
しくは２種以上合計で０Ｊ％〜４５％と限定したが、０
Ｊ％以下では耐食性向上に何ら寄与せずまた４５％以上
添加しても本鋼の構成からそれ以上の耐食性の向上は得
がたいためである。さらにその他ＭＯ，．ＣｕｓＮを添
加しても若干耐食性が向上することも確認されている。The reason why C% is set to 0.1% or less is that if it exceeds 0J%, the corrosion resistance will be significantly deteriorated. Cr% 12%~30
The reason why the content is less than 12% is that the corrosion resistance becomes extremely poor, and if it is added more than 30%, the appearance of the σ phase results in brittleness, which poses a problem in band fabrication. Ni% is 8
% to 45%, but the reason is that if it is less than 8%, the austenite phase becomes substantially unstable, and even if more than 45% is added, considering the composition of this steel, it is difficult to improve corrosion resistance any further. It's for a reason. Pd,. RhsRu5Ir,.
The total amount of at least one or two or more selected from Pt, 0S1 was limited to 0J% to 45%, but 0
This is because if it is less than J%, it does not contribute to improving corrosion resistance at all, and even if it is added in an amount of 45% or more, it is difficult to obtain any further improvement in corrosion resistance due to the structure of the steel. Furthermore, other MOs,. It has also been confirmed that the addition of CusN slightly improves corrosion resistance.
本発明の特徴は高Ｎｉ高ＰｄｓＲｈｓＲｕ、０ｓ．Ｐｔ
、のステンレス鋼にメツキを施すことにあるが、如何の
機構で耐食性が向上するかを以下に説明する。The characteristics of the present invention are high Ni, high PdsRhsRu, 0s. Pt
The purpose of this method is to apply plating to stainless steel, and the mechanism by which the corrosion resistance is improved will be explained below.
通常Ｃｒの不働態化膜による耐食材料にメツキを施す場
合、前述の如く活性化処理を行なわなければならず、活
性化処理によるＣｒの優先的溶出は避け難いため、相対
的に材料の表面層はＦｅ及びＮｉリツチになつてしまい
、Ｆｅ分の多いことからメツキの付かない部分は容易に
腐食する。したがつて活性化処理によりＣｒが溶出して
も耐食性が良好な素材でメツキバンドを作製する必要が
ある。本発明者らは、さきに高Ｎｉオーステナイト系ス
テンレス鋼でメツキのメツシユバンドを作製したが若干
の耐食性を向上を得ながらも満足する結果を得られなか
つた。Normally, when plating a corrosion-resistant material with a Cr passivation film, activation treatment must be performed as described above, and preferential elution of Cr due to activation treatment is difficult to avoid, so the surface layer of the material is relatively becomes rich in Fe and Ni, and the unplated parts easily corrode due to the high Fe content. Therefore, it is necessary to make the plating band from a material that has good corrosion resistance even if Cr is eluted during the activation treatment. The present inventors previously produced a mesh band made of high Ni austenitic stainless steel, but although the corrosion resistance was slightly improved, they were not able to obtain satisfactory results.
その理由として貴金属メツキとバンド中央部のメツキの
付いていない部分の電位差腐食が考えられたため、さら
に活性化処理上ｂに訃いても電気的に貴になる材料の開
発を行ないその結果非常に耐食性の良好なメツキバンド
を得た。本発明は、メツキバンドの素材として必要な条
件、つまり素材のままでも良好な耐食性を示すこと、ふ
たつめは活性化処理を実施しても電気的に貴であり耐食
性が良好であることの二条件を満足させるため、Ｐｄ，
．Ｒｈ，．ＲｕｓＩｒ５Ｆｔ，．Ｏｓを添加したオース
テナイト系ステンレス鋼の開発を行ない、メツキを実施
しても非常に良好な耐食性を有するメツキバンドを提供
するものである。以下に実施例にしたがい本発明を説明
する。The reason for this was thought to be corrosion due to a potential difference between the precious metal plating and the unplated part at the center of the band, so we further developed a material that would become electrically noble even if it died during the activation process.As a result, it was extremely corrosion resistant. A good metsuki band was obtained. The present invention meets two conditions necessary for the material of the metal band: the material should exhibit good corrosion resistance even as it is, and the second condition is that it should be electrically noble and have good corrosion resistance even after activation treatment. In order to satisfy Pd,
．． Rh,. RusIr5Ft,. We have developed an Os-added austenitic stainless steel to provide a plated band that has very good corrosion resistance even when plated. The present invention will be explained below based on Examples.
実施例真空炉によシ溶解鋳造を行ない表１に示す分析値
の試料を約１００ｋｇ作製した。EXAMPLE Approximately 100 kg of samples having the analytical values shown in Table 1 were prepared by melting and casting in a vacuum furnace.
その後熱間鍛造を行ない引き抜き焼鈍の繰り？しを実施
し０。６ｍｍφの綿材を作製した。Then hot forging and drawing annealing? A cotton material with a diameter of 0.6 mm was prepared.
全ての試料の組織を観察したが全て均一なオースアナイ
ト組織でありｄ相σ相の現出は認められなかつた。When the structures of all the samples were observed, they all had a uniform ausanite structure, and no d-phase σ phase was observed.
溶体化処理条件は１０００℃から１１５０℃で良くビツ
カース硬りは表２の如くＨｒｌ５ＯからＨｖｌ６５にな
ｂメツシユ、板巻きなどのバンド加工は全く問題ない。
次に試料ＮＯｌ〜２４全ての材料でメツシユバンドを作
製し下記の通り活性化処理及びメツキ処理を行なつた。The solution treatment conditions are from 1000°C to 1150°C, and the Vickers hardness ranges from Hrl5O to Hvl65 as shown in Table 2. There is no problem with band processing such as b mesh and plate winding.
Next, mesh bands were prepared using all the materials of samples NO1 to 24, and activated and plated as described below.
ピクル洗浄＋宵化ソーダ・苛性ソーダ陽極電解＋塩酸硫
酸電解＋塩酸＋塩酸酸性金ストライク＋シアン金メツキ
メツキ上り後のメツキの密着性は試料腐１〜腐２４とも
良好であり９（５）折勺曲げ熱シヨツクを行なつてもメ
ツキ剥離は生じなかつた。Pickle cleaning + evening soda/caustic soda anodic electrolysis + hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid electrolysis + hydrochloric acid + hydrochloric acid acidic gold strike + cyan gold plating The adhesion of the plating after plating was good for samples rot 1 to rot 24, and 9 (5) fold bending Even after heat shock, no peeling of the plating occurred.
次に強制耐食試験を人工汗半浸漬で実施したが表２に示
す如くの結果を得、本発明材痛４〜腐２４は良好な耐食
性を示した。Next, a forced corrosion resistance test was carried out by semi-immersion in artificial sweat, and the results shown in Table 2 were obtained, indicating that the materials of the present invention, No. 4 to No. 24, exhibited good corrosion resistance.
また揉みテストを１００００回繰ｖ？した後に人工汗半
浸漬で耐食試験を行なつたが表２の如＜非常に良好な結
果を得た。以上実施例に示す如く本発明は、非常に良好
な腕時計用メツキバンドを提供するものである。Repeat the kneading test 10,000 times again. After that, a corrosion resistance test was carried out by semi-immersion in artificial sweat, and as shown in Table 2, very good results were obtained. As shown in the examples above, the present invention provides a very good plating band for a wristwatch.
Claims (1)
。 ０％、Ｎｉ；８。 ０〜４５．０％、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ、Ｒｕ、Ｉｒ、Ｐｔ、Ｏｓ
のうちから選ばれる何れか少くとも１種もしくは２種以
上合計で０。 １％４５％を含み、残部Ｆｅおよび不可選的不純物から
なり、溶体処理後の組織が実質的にオーステナイト組織
を呈するステンレス鋼に直接メッキを施した時計用外装
部品。[Claims] 1. C: 0.1% or less, Cr: 12.0 to 30 by weight
. 0%, Ni; 8. 0-45.0%, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Pt, Os
At least one or two or more of the following: 0 in total. An exterior part for a watch, which is made by directly plating stainless steel containing 1% to 45%, the balance being Fe and unselectable impurities, and which has a substantially austenitic structure after solution treatment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3799979A JPS5910424B2 (en) | 1979-03-30 | 1979-03-30 | Exterior parts for watches |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3799979A JPS5910424B2 (en) | 1979-03-30 | 1979-03-30 | Exterior parts for watches |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55131157A JPS55131157A (en) | 1980-10-11 |
| JPS5910424B2 true JPS5910424B2 (en) | 1984-03-08 |
Family
ID=12513266
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3799979A Expired JPS5910424B2 (en) | 1979-03-30 | 1979-03-30 | Exterior parts for watches |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5910424B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11001242B2 (en) | 2016-09-26 | 2021-05-11 | Advics Co., Ltd. | Braking control device for vehicle |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020011285A1 (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 2002-01-31 | Nobuyuki Fujitsuna | Ferritic heat-resistant steel and method for producing it |
| GB2335439A (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-22 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improved stainless steels |
| US20030018380A1 (en) † | 2000-07-07 | 2003-01-23 | Craig Charles H. | Platinum enhanced alloy and intravascular or implantable medical devices manufactured therefrom |
| US6582652B2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2003-06-24 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stainless steel alloy having lowered nickel-chromium toxicity and improved biocompatibility |
| US7329383B2 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2008-02-12 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Alloy compositions and devices including the compositions |
-
1979
- 1979-03-30 JP JP3799979A patent/JPS5910424B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11001242B2 (en) | 2016-09-26 | 2021-05-11 | Advics Co., Ltd. | Braking control device for vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55131157A (en) | 1980-10-11 |
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