JPS5916810B2 - thermal reactor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to thermal reactors, and more particularly to thermal reactors including fluidized grate.

For example, incinerators are common, which can burn combustibles in waste materials such as municipal waste and industrial waste from commercial, agricultural, industrial, etc. industries.

However, such waste often contains some non-combustible material that must be periodically removed from the incinerator.

Furthermore, since some materials in the waste may melt and adhere to solid, non-combustible products in the incinerator, these materials are also periodically removed from the incinerator along with the ash produced by combustion. I have to throw it.

By using an incinerator equipped with a fluidized grate,
Combustion can take place within the grate while the non-combustible products are moved through the grate to the appropriate removal points for the fluidized ash above (for fly ash) and below the grate.

Traditionally, in such incinerators, the required circulation of the fluidized grate has been achieved by providing an air box below the grate that supplies pressurized air to the grate material.

However, in order to achieve a suitable circulation of the grate and a suitable operation of the incinerator, it is necessary to provide at least two or three first air distribution means and one second air supply means. There was a need.

Furthermore, in the design and structure of conventional circulating fluidized firebed incinerators, the depth of the firebed is limited to 400 to 700n;
Among other things, the residence time of waste in the fire bed was also limited accordingly.

In the following description, the term "fluidized firebed" and related phrases are used to refer to a firebed within which granular material is generally in irregular motion and separated by a flowing fluid medium. This should be understood as something to be admired.

Therefore, within the scope of this term are also included fire beds in which jet or air transport phenomena take place.

Furthermore, a "thermal reactor" refers to internal combustion, combustion, incomplete combustion, gasification, thermal decomposition, calcining, etc.
ng), refers to a container in which catalytic actions, etc. are carried out.

According to the present invention, a furnace body, a partition wall disposed in the furnace body and defining a first compartment and a second compartment in the furnace body, and a granular material forming a first grate in the first compartment. a granular material forming a second grate in the second compartment; means for fluidizing the upper area of the second grate to a degree greater than or equal to the upper area of the first grate; Diverting means located above the chamber for diverting the flow of granular material fluidized during use of the reactor from the second grate across the top of the first grate and directing the material to be reacted to the furnace body. A small (total 1) supply to the furnace body from the outside
one inlet and one outlet at the base of said second compartment for discharging non-combustible products and/or grate material, and a flue outlet from the furnace body. , there is provided a thermal reaction apparatus characterized in that the first compartment and the second compartment communicate with each other at or near the upper and lower regions of the partition wall.

If solid material is to undergo reaction in the furnace body, the material is fed into the first compartment through the inlet.

If the fluid or fluids are to undergo a reaction, the material is supplied from the inlet to the lower area of the second compartment.

When using such a reactor, for example as an incinerator, solid waste material containing both combustible and non-combustible materials is fed into the first compartment via the inlet.

The material is mostly enveloped by the first grate and burns incompletely.

Initially, some fuel is introduced into the first compartment to start combustion.

The grate of granular material (in this case preferably a refractory material) quickly becomes hot enough to sustain said combustion.

Since the grate material in the upper area of the second compartment is fluidized to a greater extent than the grate material in the upper area of the first compartment, the grate material spills out of the second compartment and is deflected by the deflecting means. flow across the top of the first compartment.

The grate material from the first compartment then passes under the bulkhead into the second compartment, with non-combustible material and/or products of incomplete combustion accumulating at the base of the first compartment. Accompanied by solid combustible material.

The solid combustible products are ultimately combusted in the second compartment, while non-combustible materials are periodically removed from the furnace body via an outlet provided at the base of the second compartment.

The reactor according to the invention defines a reliable passage for the circulation of secondary air to ensure a suitable circulation and that the flow from one compartment to the other is immediately set up. This eliminates the need for bulkheads.

Furthermore, since the depth of the grate can be increased beyond what is normally possible in a given facility, the residence time within the grate can be correspondingly increased.

Preferably, the partition wall has a first partition and a second partition, each having the same cross-sectional area over its entire height in the furnace body;
and separate fluidizing means in each compartment for fluidizing the second grate to a greater extent than the first grate.

or an arrangement in which the partition walls define a first compartment and a second compartment, each of which has an increasing cross-sectional area and a decreasing cross-sectional area from the lower region to the upper region, and which share a fluidization means. You can also take

The deflecting means may include a plate member secured within the furnace body and extending across the top of the second compartment.

Preferably, the plate member slopes upwardly in the direction from the second compartment to the first compartment.

In a preferred reactor, the partition defines a first compartment and a second compartment in surrounding relationship within the furnace body.

In one embodiment of such a preferred reactor, the first compartment surrounds the second compartment and the baffle means includes an inverted conical member centrally located above the second compartment and in contact with the top of the septum. The air gap between said deflecting means determines the thickness of the flow from the second grate across the top of the first grate.

It is convenient if the furnace body and the partition are cylindrical, defining a cylindrical partition in the center of the furnace body and an annular partition surrounding it.

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

The fluidized fire bed incinerator shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

It comprises a vertically arranged cylindrical furnace body 2 and a cylindrical bulkhead 4 coaxially arranged in its lower region.

There are four equally spaced inlets 10 around the furnace body 2.
is arranged through which material can be fed into the first compartment 6.

The base of the furnace body 2 is inclined downwardly towards its central longitudinal axis and forms a cylindrical tube 12 forming an outlet from the second compartment 8 .

The base of the furnace body includes a first air box 14 located below the first compartment 6 and a separate second air box 16 located below the second compartment 8, while the lower end of the partition Since they are spaced apart from the base of the furnace body, the first and second corner chambers 6, 8 communicate with each other below the partition wall.

Each compartment 6, 8 contains granular refractory material forming a grate A, B respectively.

Typical materials are coarse sand and/or ash and/or charcoal with a diameter of 1 to 10 IItN.

The upper end of the furnace body 2 is closed by a top wall 18, and a downward tube 20 is arranged in the upper region of the furnace body 2 with its upper end directly below said top wall 18.

The lower end of the downward pipe 20 extends into a chamber located centrally above the second compartment 8, that is, a separator 22, from which a discharge duct 24 extends to the outside of the furnace body.

The bottom wall 26 of the chamber 22 is in the form of an inverted cone and constitutes a deflecting means as will be described below.

A tube 28 communicating with the interior of the chamber 22 extends axially downward from the lower area of the bottom wall 26 through the center of the second compartment 8 and the cylindrical tube 12 to the exterior of the furnace body.

Alternatively, the tube 28 can be configured to terminate inside the second compartment 8 near the bottom of said compartment.

During use of this incinerator, pressurized air is supplied from the air box 14 to the grate material in compartments 6 and 8,
B is fluidized, but grate B is fluidized to a greater extent than grate A.

For example, the fluidization of the fire bed A is about 1 to 4 Gmf (the fluidization of the fire bed B is 4 to 40 Gmf, depending on the combustion conditions).
It is.

Here, Gmf (mass velocity button) is the minimum mass velocity of the fluidizing air or gas medium required to fluidize the granular material of the fire bed, expressed in tcg7m·hr.

Waste containing combustible and non-combustible substances is introduced into the granular material of the grate A through the inlet 10 and is enveloped therein.

Initially, fuel is also supplied to grate A to aid combustion, but
Combustion quickly becomes an independent combustion state as described below.

The combustible material is thus small (some of which is consumed in the grate A).

Due to the fluidization of the fire bed B, the granular refractory material of the fire bed is forced up from the top of the fire bed against the deflection means constituted by the sloping bottom wall 26 of the chamber 22 or carried away by the air current.

This material is deflected into a generally horizontal stream that crosses the top of grate A and eventually falls onto the grate A material.

Thereby, the solid combustion products and non-combustible components of the incomplete combustion of the waste supplied to the fire bed A move downward in the fire bed A, pass under the partition wall 4, and enter the compartment 8. It flows into the lower area and combustion is completed in the grate B.

In this way, a circulating grate system around the bulkhead 4 is established.

Non-combustible components and solid combustion products in the waste are stored in compartment 8.
falls into the discharge pipe 12 below and is periodically removed from the incinerator.

As a result of the primary combustion of the waste in the compartment 6, the waste gases rise up the furnace body 2 to the top wall 48, dropping the entrained powder into the corner chambers.

The waste gas then passes through downpipe 20 and enters 22, from where it is exhausted out of the furnace through exhaust duct 24.

Any grate material entrained in this hot exhaust gas falls from chamber 22 through tube 28 and is collected outside the furnace.

As a result of the secondary combustion in the compartment 8 of the carbide circulating from the compartment 6, the air supplied to the compartment 8 is heated.

In the substantially horizontal flow from the compartment 8 over the partition wall 4 to the compartment 6, the air that has passed through the compartment 8 and has been preheated and the gas generated by combustion are continuously collected.

Further, the generated gas from the compartment 6 also comes to pass through this horizontal flow section.

If combustible gas is present in the generated gas, combustion is completed in this horizontal flow section and the gas is discharged.

Since there is no rush of waste gas from compartments 6 and 8 in the upper region of the furnace body, granular material with certain physical properties (e.g. density, size, shape, etc.) It is trapped in the freeboard below the wall 18 and cannot escape from there either upwards or downwards.

For this reason, the atmosphere inside the freeboard is dusty.
ty) not (gritty), so that the waste gas passes through a "belt" of suspended colloids, resulting in collisions between the granular material carried by the gas and the granular material constituting the "belt." Physical interaction occurs.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the compartment 8 is defined by longitudinal vanes 30 extending radially between the tube 28 and the septum 4.
It is subdivided into sub-compartments 8B1 to 8B4.

This subdivision is desirable but not required.

This subdivision prevents the material of the grate B from becoming too unbalanced upon fluidization.

In the incinerator shown in FIG. 3, the grate A and the grate B are opposite to those in FIG.

That is, the primary combustion grate A is placed in the center of the furnace body, and waste is supplied to it through the downward inlet pipe 10'.

The downward inlet pipe 10' passes through the top wall 18, extends axially through the upper section of the furnace body 2, and terminates in the upper section of the central compartment containing the grate A.

The base of the furnace body 2 and the air boxes 14', 16' are inclined downwardly from the center line of the furnace body toward the periphery.

The discharge pipe 12/ is provided below the outer compartment of the chamber housing the grate B, adjacent to the peripheral edge of the furnace body.

Another downward tube 20' provided in the upper section of the furnace body 2
and a plate member 26' fixed obliquely to the wall of the furnace body 2.
A ring-shaped chamber 22' with an exhaust duct 24/ is defined between the tube 20' and the wall of the furnace body 2.

Said member 26' constitutes a diversion means for diverting the flow away from grate B and grate A, while the freeboard is connected to tube 20'.
and the annular space between the tube 10'.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the heat generated by the combustion of waste material enables, for example, the generation of steam or district heating.

In these drawings, 100 plus numbers are used for parts having functions corresponding to those in FIG.

Therefore, the explanation of this part can be understood by referring to the explanation of the embodiment shown in FIG.

In this example there is one more bulkhead 32 (this can be omitted in some cases and is in fact omitted in Figure 4).
defines a third compartment 34 in the center of compartment 108 .

The third compartment 34 communicates with the compartment 108 above and below the compartment 32.

A bundle of heat exchange tubes 36 is provided within the third compartment 34 and extending axially thereof or directly into the compartment 108 .

The fluid circulating in said tube 36 is heated by the heat generated within the incinerator and, if necessary, is heated by the grate B (
This fluid can be used to control the operating temperature of the grate A).

Arrow C indicates the flow of low temperature fluid, and arrow H indicates the flow of heated fluid.

In all embodiments of the invention, the height of the tops of the grate A and B in the associated compartment can be varied to suit the particular concrete conditions.

For example, the heights of the upper ends of both fire beds may be the same and may be higher than the partition wall 4.

Also, the top surface of the grate A may be lower (e.g., significantly lower) than the top of the bulkhead 40, so that a generally horizontal flow across the top of the grate A, carried upwardly by the airflow toward the deflection means during fluidization. The granular refractory material of the fire bed B that constitutes the fire bed A can be made to fall onto the fire bed A.

Although the bulkheads 4, 4', 104 are shown as being vertical in each embodiment, the bulkheads 4 may be sloped upwardly towards the top of the furnace body 2, thereby providing a It can be configured such that one increases and the other decreases as the area moves towards the upper area.

To obtain the desired flow from grate B to grate A, two air boxes 14, 16 . (14'.

16': 114, 116), only one air box is provided to supply air at the same pressure to both compartments 6. 8 (6'.

8': 106. 108), i.e.
The grate material at the top of compartment 8 (8', 108) can also be fluidized to a greater extent than at the top of compartment 6 (6', 106) due to the difference in its cross-sectional area.

The reactor according to the invention need not necessarily be of cylindrical shape (1) it can also be of rectangular shape, for example with flat compartments defining a plurality of adjacent rectangular compartments.

Further, in one reactor, aligned or grate A,! :
B and can include a series of concentric grate.

Although the above has been described in relation to the incinerator, the uninvented thermal reactor can also be used for other purposes such as combustion, incomplete oxidation, gas (Il), pyrolysis (fuel is passed through the grate A,
(prepare for the removal of the product), (■ The material to be burned constitutes the granular grate A, B), or catalytic action (the granular material of the grate A acts as a catalyst, It can also be used for example (through which reactants are passed).

The thermal reactor according to the invention makes it possible to create a rapid circulation of the grate material around a well-defined passage defined by the partition between the two compartments.

The circulation rate, which is a result of the combustion rate, can be easily adjusted by varying the degree of fluidization in the grate B.

Compared to conventional reactors, the reactor according to the invention has greater operational flexibility (very easy to control, and improved combustion efficiency).

In particular, the depth of the grate can be increased considerably compared to conventional ones, so that the residence time of the material to be reacted in the grate can be increased.

Fluidization air control adjusted to critical state is less (Tesumi,
Secondary air is also not required.

On the other hand, since the stroke is short, purification of the grate (elutria
A flow can be easily formed while the ion) is at a minimum.

Furthermore, the high circulation rate achieved in the reactor according to the invention prevents stratification of the grate material as occurs in the grate of conventional fluidized grate reactors.

In the conventional fluidized grate reactor, small particles are located at the top of the grate and large particles are located at the base of the grate, but the grate as a whole is in an up-and-down state.

By preventing such stratification, the reactor according to the invention can utilize grate materials comprising a wider range of particle sizes than those of the prior art.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a central vertical sectional view of a reactor according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line [-II in FIG. A longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2.102... Furnace body, 4,104...
Partition wall, 6°106... 1st compartment, 8,108.
...Second compartment, 10.10', 110...
・Inlet port, 12, 12'. 112... Cylindrical pipe (exhaust pipe), 14.14'. 114...First air box, 16, 16', 116
...Second air box, A, B...Grate, 18...Top wall, 20,20'...Downward pipe, 22.22 ', 122... Chamber (separator)
, 24, 24', 124... duct, 26, 2
6'...Bottom wall (plate member), 28...
...Pipe, 30,130...Blade 32...
- Bulkhead, 34...Third compartment, 36...
heat exchange tube.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A furnace body, a partition wall located in the furnace body and defining a first compartment and a second compartment in the furnace body, and a first grate formed in the first compartment. The granular material and the granular material form a second grate in the second compartment, and the fluidization in the upper area of the second grate is thicker than the upper area of the first grate. and the means to
a diverting means above said second compartment for diverting the flow of fluidized granular material from a second grate across the top of the first grate during use of the reactor; at least one inlet for feeding material from outside the furnace body into the furnace body and at least one inlet at the base of said second compartment for discharging non-flammable products and/or grate material; and a flue outlet from the furnace body, and the first compartment and the second compartment communicate with each other in both the upper and lower regions of the partition wall or in the vicinity thereof. Thermal Reactor. 2. Thermal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet feeds the material to be reacted into the first compartment. 3. A thermal reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet supplies the material to be reacted to the lower area of the second compartment. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the compartment defines a first compartment and a second compartment in the furnace body, each having the same cross-sectional area over its entire height; A thermal reaction device characterized in that each chamber is provided with separate fluidizing means, and the fluidizing means is configured to fluidize the second fire bed to a degree greater than or equal to the first fire bed. 5. In the device according to claim 1, the cross-sectional area of the first compartment and the second compartment defined by the partition wall increases from the lower region to the upper region. 6. A thermal reaction device characterized in that the fluidization means is reduced, and one fluidization means common to both corner chambers is provided.6 In the device according to claim 1, the 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the deflection means includes a plate member secured within the furnace body and extending across the top of the second compartment. 8. The thermal reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the plate member is inclined upwardly in the direction from the second compartment to the first compartment. The thermal reaction device is characterized in that the partition wall defines a first partition and a second partition in the furnace body so that one of the partitions surrounds the other. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first compartment surrounds a second compartment, and the deflecting means includes an inverted conical member centrally located above the second compartment. 10. In the apparatus according to claim 1,
A thermal reaction apparatus characterized in that the furnace body and partition wall are cylindrical, and define a cylindrical compartment at the center of the furnace body and an annular compartment surrounding the cylindrical compartment. 11. The thermal reaction device 12, characterized in that the second compartment is divided into a plurality of longitudinal sub-compartments. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising one or more fluid transport tubes in heat exchange relationship with the second compartment. 13. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a third compartment within the second compartment, and one or more tubes extending through the third compartment. A thermal reaction device characterized by: