JPS5918111B2 - Water treatment method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a water treatment method having functions such as solid matter removal, oil removal, and emulsion removal in wastewater treatment and water reuse treatment.

The recent rapid development of industries such as petrochemicals, polymer chemicals, synthetic fibers, pharmaceuticals, steel, machinery, and transportation equipment, the concentration of the population in large cities, and the improvement of living standards have led to environmental pollution problems.
The problem of closed systems for water, air, gas, etc. in production lines has been attracting attention as a social problem, and in response, various laws and regulations regarding air and water quality have been strengthened, and product safety standards have been strengthened. It is a well-known fact that this is being promoted more and more strongly.

However, with current industrial technology, the reality is that as the technology level increases, equipment prices, construction costs, and running costs generally rise, and operating techniques become difficult and labor costs also rise.

Particularly in the treatment of water containing solids, oil, emulsion oil, and COD, treatment costs tend to be enormous because treatment is difficult.

In view of the current situation, the present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of intensive research into economically valuable processing technology that effectively utilizes the functions of processing devices.

That is, the gist of the present invention is that when water is treated by a treatment process consisting of a sand filtration process and an adsorption process, the water is first treated in the sand filtration process, then treated in the adsorption process, and the adsorption process The present invention relates to a water treatment method characterized in that the adsorbent used in the method is composed of a substance that is physicochemically active toward the object to be treated and a carrier in an integrated state.

The sand filtration process may be slow filtration, rapid filtration, or auxiliary filtration, and a tank, tower, or cartridge container is used.

As far as the present invention is concerned, as the furnace material, in addition to general sand, anthracite, garnet, resin particles, granulated sand, ion exchange resin, etc. can be used.

Gravel or the like may be used as a support for the swamp material.

Flowing water is not limited to upward flow, downward flow, up-down flow, etc.
Horizontal flow filtration or moving bed filtration may also be used.

The sand filter tower can be equipped with a lower water collection device, backwashing devices, surface cleaning devices, various valves, and pipes as necessary.

Additionally, a flow rate adjustment device, air vent, peephole, side manhole, etc. may also be provided.

Further, microfloc filtration, chemical injection filtration, and contact repulsion may be used as necessary.

The number of sand filtration tanks or towers is not limited to one, and can be installed as needed.

Pre-processing of sand filtration includes coagulation sedimentation treatment, pressure flotation treatment,
API treatment, PPI treatment, CPI treatment, electrolytic levitation treatment, etc. can be freely selected, and the treatment method of the present invention can be added as a higher-level treatment to existing treatment equipment.

The flow rate as a processing condition in the sand filtration process may be changed depending on the properties of the object to be processed, and is generally 0 or 1 m/4.
(~60 m/H, but not limited to this.

In the adsorption process, an adsorption tank, tower, or cartridge container is used.

The adsorption tank, tower, etc. are not limited to one series, and two or more series may be used simultaneously or alternately.

It may be possible to perform backwashing or surface cleaning.

A filter or the like for removing solid matter leaking from the sand filtration and flowing in may be incorporated into the adsorption process.

If the content of floating oil, suspension oil, etc. is large, an adsorbent may be provided between the sand filtration and the main adsorption step.

The material to be filled into the container used in the adsorption process may be 2
Of course, it may be a mixture of more than one species.

The shape of the filling material is powder, granule, fruit, flake,
Examples include fibrous, string, cotton, fibril, pulp fiber, small block, coil, net, and fabric, but are not particularly limited thereto.

As the filling material, a material composed of a substance that is physicochemically active against the object to be treated and a carrier in an integrated state is used.

Substances that have physicochemically active ability include (1) carbonaceous materials such as various activated carbons, bone charcoal, coal, coke, soot produced by-products, and molecular sea pink carbon, (2) silica gel, alumina silica-alumina-based materials such as gel, activated alumina, activated clay, and zeolite-based molecular sieves; (3) Mg, Pb, Fe, and Co as at least one of the constituent components;

oxides and hydroxides of metals selected from the group of Ni and Cu;
or inorganic fine particles containing a salt thereof.

In addition, as carriers, styrene, α-methylstyrene, dichlorostyrene, other styrene derivatives, ester derivatives of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate, ethylene propylene, vinyl acetate, Homopolymers or copolymers consisting of ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, or diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene, and the above polymers and acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Acids, copolymers with unsaturated carboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, and others include polyurethane, polyurea, polyethylene terephthalate, polyisobutylene terephthalate, aromatic polyamide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, and the like.

When using a cartridge, it is preferable to use a cartridge that is easy to replace and store, and is composed of a body can containing an adsorbent and a lid that can be opened, and can be opened as needed during use.

In the present invention, the body can has a cross section of a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a square, a polygon, etc., and is made of metal, wood, paper, glass, synthetic resin, a container, etc. Before use, the filler is sealed inside the can and the lid.

The body can handle internal pressure when using the cartridge element, external pressure for setting the cartridge in the housing for use, pressure for sealing between the cartridges and between the cartridge and the housing, and external force when removing the cartridge from the housing. It has the necessary strength.

Specifically, if it is made of metal, it must be at least 10μ thick; if it is made of paper, it must be treated with waterproof and water-repellent treatment to prevent strength loss due to moisture absorption during use, and if it is made of paper, it must be at least 200μ thick; if it is made of glass, it must be 1nm. In the case of synthetic resin, the thickness is preferably 50μ or more.

The body can may be made of a composite material of two or more materials, or may be made of a laminate sheet or the like.

The can body may be made of a material with numerous holes, and in this case, the filling material can be further protected during storage by attaching a sealing sheet, film, tape, metal foil, etc. to the outer periphery. .

Depending on the nature and purpose of the filling, there may be protrusions or attachments for holding screens, double or triple cylinders, attachments for sealing, space for perforated plates, and space inside the can body, depending on the nature and purpose of the filling. On the outside of the can, there are attachments for attaching an openable lid, protrusions, protrusions, steps, threads, a surface for sealing tape, etc.

It is also possible to integrate the filler with the wall using adhesives or swelling agents for sealing purposes.

The lid of the can body can be integrated with the can body or can be independent, but since it is necessary to be able to open the can immediately when necessary, it must be easy to remove or can be opened using a simple device. .

Since the can can be sealed tightly, it can be used for long-distance transportation and when containing liquid substances that can be stored for a long time.

Alternatively, the tower may be filled with an adsorbent placed in a bag made of knitted fabric, net, or the like.

The tower may have a double structure, and the adsorbent may be placed in the internal tower or container, and the adsorbent may be taken out together with the internal tower or container.

Examples of objects to be processed by the present invention are as follows.

(1) Various types of industrial wastewater, including steel rolling mills, stainless steel rolling mills, aluminum rolling mills, oil refineries, machine factories, painting factories, plating factories, lens polishing factories, pharmaceutical manufacturing factories, food and beverage manufacturing and processing factories (2) Wastewater from various car wash and maintenance facilities, including buses, bulldozers, etc. , aircraft, private cars, trains, competition cars, competition boats, competition car washing, repair, assembly, maintenance shops, gas stations, tank cleaning water, etc. (3) Wastewater from various ships, i.e. tank cleaning water , bilge water, ballast water, dock drainage, wastewater from ship construction and maintenance yards, runoff from decks, etc. (4) Various types of circulating water, including boiler water, circulating water in hotels, circulating water from pools and aquaculture ponds, and factories. Internal cleaning water, power plant cooling water, oil depot wastewater, etc. (5) Sewage treatment plants, cell drainage, etc. (6) Treatment of wastewater from the sea, lakes, marshes, rivers, etc. (7)
) Clarification of water (8) Research laboratories, testing stations, inspection stations, hospitals, etc. (9) Various factories (application to manufacturing processes in the sugar industry, starch industry, dairy industry, brewing industry, edible oil industry, etc.) Purification in liquid phase in industrial oil and oil industry, rubber industry, petroleum refining and chemical industry, polymer chemical industry, dyeing industry, inorganic chemical industry, metal industry, dry cleaning liquid, etc. (10) Collection in various industries or recovery, i.e. antibacterial substances, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, nucleic acid-based and other biochemicals, alkaloids, etc. in the pharmaceutical industry, nucleic acid-based seasonings, plant ingredients, etc. in the food industry, phenol, etc. in the gas industry, iodine in the iodine industry. etc., gold, silver, palladium, osmium, mercury, uranium in mining, etc.
Adsorption aυ of organic solvent components in pond water such as lead, zinc, copper, etc. Application to various analyzes and tests (L2) Removal of pollutants, off-flavors, detergents, agricultural chemicals, etc. from raw water in water supplies 03) Recycling of treated water Although the present invention is not limited to this application, the present invention is not limited thereto.

As a post-adsorption step, activated carbon treatment, ion exchange resin treatment, electrodialysis treatment, reverse osmosis treatment, etc. can be combined as necessary.

It is also possible to add steps such as a PH adjustment tank.

Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a flow sheet of the treatment method of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is the original wastewater tank, 2 is the strainer, 13 is the pump, and 4
is Sunazawa filter tower, 5 is adsorption tower, 6 is siphon breaker-1
7 is a treated water tank, and 8 is a pump for backwash water. Waste water is pumped through a strainer 2 by a pump 3 to a sand filter tower 4 to remove solids, and then pumped to an adsorption tower 5 to remove oil. , emulsion oil, and COD are removed, the water is once returned to atmospheric pressure by a siphon breaker 6 and discharged into a post-treatment water tank 7 .

If the sand filtering tower becomes clogged and the pressure increases as a result of passing solids, the backwash water pump 3 transfers the water from the treatment water tank 7 to the sand filtering tower 4 in the opposite direction to the flow direction during treatment. Rinse away the solids by flushing the treated water.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of S combination using a cartridge element.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a case where it is necessary to take a long time in contact with the filler due to the characteristics of the object to be treated, or when it is necessary to pass several types of filler in sequence. Cartridge elements 10, 11, 12
13, and pipes 15 and 16, the object to be treated is sent from the pipe 16, flows upward from the attachment 14 to the cartridge element 13 and then sequentially to 10 for treatment, and the attachment 9 collects the treated object. This is a system in which the water is collected and discharged from a pipe 15.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the cartridge element 17 is set in the airtight container 18.The upper lid of the cartridge element 17 remains open, and after removing the lower lid, the cartridge element 17 is placed inside the airtight container 18. It is fitted into the upper part of the joint 20 with the installed cartridge element 17, and the object to be treated is sent from the pipe 21 to the upper part 19 of the closed container, processed by the cartridge element 17, and discharged to the outside from the pipe 22. It is a thing,
It has the characteristics of being effective as a small-scale processing device and easy to handle.

Example 1 The following treatment process was set up as a method for treating air compressor drain discharged from a compressor.

That is, a sand filtration step removes suspended solids (hereinafter referred to as SS) contained in the near compressor drain (hereinafter referred to as wastewater), and an adsorption removal step removes oil and emulsion oil contained in the wastewater. The system was designed to include related equipment to improve the effectiveness and workability of this amphibious process.

The flow sheet of the treatment system is shown in Figure 1.
The name of each unit is as explained in the text.

The unit process for removing SS from wastewater used a sand filtration tower with the specifications described below.

The tower is a cylindrical tube made of general structural rolled steel material JIS G3101 5S50 with a diameter of 1130 mm and a height of 1900 mm.
A material with holes of rnφ was used.

A 75 mmφ hole communicating with the outside was provided at the bottom and connected to a pipe.

The pipe is a galvanized steel pipe JIS G3442 5G for water service.
It is PW.

Gravel, sand, and anthracite were used for the lacrimal materials in the tower as shown below.

The wastewater was treated using the so-called downward flow method, in which wastewater is sent from the top of the tower and treated water is discharged from the bottom.

If clogging occurs as a result of SS being trapped in the sand and anthracite, and the differential pressure (hereinafter abbreviated as △P) increases, the treatment is stopped and the water flows upward from the bottom to the top of the tower. A backwash system was installed to wash away the SS trapped in the sand and anthracite.

During treatment, a pump caused water to flow downward, and during backwashing, a backwash pump caused water to flow upward.

A cock was installed at the top of the tower to vent air from inside the tower.

A pressure gauge was attached to the tower to detect the pressure inside the tower.

The pressure gauge has a maximum detection capacity of 5 kg/ff1G.

A side manhole was installed on the lower side of the tower for cleaning, repairing, and replacing sand and anthracite inside the tower.

The diameter of the side manhole is 480 mm. The treated water from which SS had been removed was then treated in a unit process in which emulsified compressor drain was adsorbed and removed by an emulsion oil adsorbent containing a magnesium-based inorganic substance.

An emulsion oil adsorbent was packed into a tower having a diameter of 1130 mm and a height of 1050 mm under the following conditions.

The materials for the tower and piping were the same as those for the sand filter tower.

The emulsion oil adsorbent used here was manufactured by the following method.

Iodine number 301nI? /g magnesium oxide powder 80
1, 20 parts of high-density polyethylene with a melt index of 0.3, and 400 parts of methylene chloride were charged into an autoclave, the autoclave was sealed, and an initial pressure of 10 kg/cfflG was applied with nitrogen gas, and the autoclave was heated at 400 parts per minute.
When the internal temperature of the autoclave was raised to 180° C. using a jacket while stirring at a rotating speed, the internal pressure rose to 38 kg/cvtG.

Furthermore, the internal pressure was increased to 50 kg/c using nitrogen gas.
r? After raising the temperature to LG and holding it for 5 minutes while stirring, the internal suspension was jetted out from an orifice with a diameter of 1.0 mm at the bottom of the autoclave, and at the same time a fibril with a length of 15 mm and a diameter of about 5 μ was extruded. 50071!7 A microscopic composite whose constituent units are 50071!7 directly below the orifice.
1! After that, it was collected at
A refining treatment was performed under the conditions of 1.5 mm, followed by mixing with glass fiber (equal amount) while stirring at a speed of 150 revolutions per minute, and natural dehydration to obtain an emulsion oil adsorbent.

Ordinary tap water was used as a medium during the refining process and during mixing with glass fibers.

The height of the break point of the siphon breaker was set 250 mm higher than the height of the adsorbent so that the water level inside the adsorption tower was higher than the surface of the emulsion oil adsorbent.

Water treated by this treatment system was used as the water source for backwashing, and the backwash water generated by backwashing was returned to the wastewater raw water tank.

The used adsorbents were taken out from the side manhole, naturally dehydrated for a day and night, and then incinerated in a special plastic incinerator.

The processing conditions were as follows.

As a result of the treatment under the above conditions, the following treated water was obtained.

In 34 hours of operation time, △P is backwashing pressure 2.5 kg/=
Since it reached G, I backwashed it for 30 minutes.

The conditions were as follows.

The quality of the treated water obtained in this example was at a level sufficient for reuse, so it was reused as equipment washing water without any problems.

Comparative Example The adsorption tower of Example 1 was filled with 80 kg of polypropylene fiber, which is a commercially available oil-absorbing material.

Results when processing conditions were adjusted to Example 1 SS 21ppm Normal hexane extract 405ppIn COD 45ppm Met.

This wastewater could not be treated at all with ordinary oil-absorbing materials.

Example 2 A body can with an outer diameter of 253 mm and a height of 100 mm, and a diameter of 200 mm.
A can made of plated steel plate having the shape shown in Fig. 2 with two lids fitted on the top and bottom was prepared, and the top and bottom lids were removed.

Next, a wire mesh with a diameter of 210 mm was pushed into the can through the hole, and inside the can, the wire mesh was again flattened and placed at the bottom so that it covered the entire hole in the lower lid.

Next, this wire mesh was attached and fixed to the inside of the can using adhesive tape.

Four cans were prepared in this way.

- Inside each can, first lay a sheet of glass fiber flat-textured fabric with a basis weight of 200 g/m2, and then place 0.1~2.
3 kg of sand with a diameter of 0 mm was filled, and a sheet of the same glass fiber was placed on top of it.

A two-pack can was filled with 450 g of a nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene fibers having an average fineness of 15 deniers.

Inside the third can is a fine fiber composite made of magnesium hydroxide and high-density polyethylene, 11μ glass fiber and 3 denier polypropylene fiber in a ratio of 1:1:1.
1.25 kg of the mixture having the following ratio was filled.

The fourth can contains 50 granular activated carbon with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm.
09 was filled.

The four cans arranged in this manner were stacked vertically, and the cartridge element was placed between the attachments 9 and 14 as shown in FIG.

The seals between the cartridge elements and between the cartridge elements and the upper and lower attachments were completed using asbestos sheets.

The arrangement of the cartridge elements is 10 filled with sand, 11 filled with polypropylene fibers, and 12 filled with fine composite, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber in a ratio of 1:1:1.
13 is filled with granular activated carbon, and the object to be treated is pumped from a pipe 15 by a pump, and from an attachment 9 to a cartridge element 10. 12.13 and discharged from attachment 14 through pipe 16.

The objects to be treated are wastewater and compressor drains from the cutting shop of the machine shop.

The processing conditions were as follows.

Processing amount: 0.5 per hour. lL' Processing time: 8 hours per day 25 days (200 hours) per month The treatment results are shown in Table 4.

Here, the oil content and COD are the results of analysis according to the JIS method.

As the treatment continued, the granular activated carbon in cartridge element 2 lost its treatment capacity after about 200 hours, so the pump was immediately stopped and replaced with a new cartridge element.

The replacement work of the cartridge element was so easy that it took 15 minutes and was done by one worker.

After 400 hours of operation, it was found that the mixture of fine composite material, polypropylene fibers, and glass fibers in cartridge element 4 had lost its effectiveness, so it was decided to replace it.

At this time, it became clear that the processing capacity of the cartridge element 5 had already decreased.

As for the lifespan of the cartridge element, it was found that 4 is twice as long as 5, so by stacking two tiers of granular activated carbon cartridge elements and setting a total of five tiers of cartridge elements, the replacement period was equalized. 4
00 hours, that is, it only needs to be replaced once every two months.

Processes using cartridge elements are characterized in that combinations can be made depending on the processing target, and it is extremely easy to set up an optimal flow.

Example 3 The following treatment equipment was constructed to treat wastewater from a power plant and an oil base.

(1) Sand filter tower ■Inner diameter 2000m7! L ■Height 1800mm ■Layer overflow area 3.14m2 ■P overspeed 16m/H ■Furnace gravel 10~301n11L Layer height 400mmtt
5~10mm tt 300mm〃3~5
7ILrfL〃100mm Coarse sand 0.8~1.9 tt 300mm sand 0,
3 to 0.8 mm tt 300 mm (2) Adsorption tower ■ Adsorbent components Magnesium hydroxide 60% Alumina 10% Ethylene picopolymer 30% Shape Soft granules with dimensions of 0.5 to 18 mrIL ■ Tower ■
Inner diameter 2000ii @ Height 1500mm 0 area Area 3.14m2 x 2 towers ○ Linear speed 8 m/H ■ Packing density 0.1 g% and (3) pump ■ Flow rate 60 m''/H ■ Lifting head Processing in a system with a water column of 30 m or more As a result, Table 5 was obtained.

Note that power plant wastewater here is treated water after coagulation sedimentation treatment using polyaluminum chloride and soda carbonate, and oil base wastewater is treated water after gravity separation treatment using a parallel inclined plate (CPI method).

Example 4 A treatment device was created for the purpose of treating wastewater discharged from a bus car wash wastewater machine and reusing the treated water as car wash water, and a continuous test was conducted.

The configuration of the device was as follows.

(1) Sand filter tower ■ Inner diameter 200 mm ■ Height 600 mm ■ P material Anthracite (2) Adsorption cartridge ■ Commercially available bale can (with 6 holes of 5 mm diameter in the bottom) ■ Adsorbent ■ Polyethylene and hydrated silicic acid Integrated product 60% @ polypropylene fiber 40% ■ Support polypropylene fiber sheet thickness 121ft7IL (3) Suction loss strainer - 60 mesh (4) Pump ■ Flow rate 2 m”, /H ■ Lifting height 17 m (5) System configuration ■ Strainer -1 pc ■ Pump 1 pc ■ Sand filter tower 2 pcs ■ Adsorption cartridge 4 pcs ■ Cartridge container 1 pc The treatment results were as shown in Table 6.

As is clear from the above, the treatment method of the present invention has the characteristic that stable treated water can be obtained even though the wastewater has extremely large fluctuations from day to day.

In addition, the adsorbent cartridge is easy to handle because it uses a bale can, and the weight at the time of replacement is no more than 15 kilograms, so the repair work can be completed by one worker. there were.

Example 5 Scum produced by coagulation and pressure flotation treatment was separated in a sand filter basin, and the filtrate was treated in a tank containing an adsorbent.

The agglomeration and pressure flotation treatment was carried out using polyaluminum chloride, caustic soda, and a polymer scouring agent, so the scum was in the form of a soft sludge.

It is a sand filter pond consisting of a layer of 300 mm of gravel and 400 mm of sand, and has a surface area of 3 m2.

The amount of water was 1 m2/H.

The adsorption process was as follows. Diameter 200mm, height 20
A can with a 0 mm top and bottom lid was filled with 1.2 ky of a crushed mixture of polystyrene, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide.

The crushed material was created as follows. calcium carbonate 20
A mixture of 20 parts of magnesium hydroxide, and 60 parts of polystyrene was kneaded on a roll heated to 205°C, cooled, and crushed to an average particle size of 2 mw.

At the bottom of the can, filter paper was glued onto a wire mesh.

The same filter paper was also glued to the inner wall of the can.

After the inside was treated with filter paper in this way, the above-mentioned crushed material was filled.

After filling this crushed material, polypropylene fibers having a fineness of 3 denier and a length of 6 mm were laminated thereon to a thickness of about 5 mm, and the above-mentioned filter paper was placed on top of it and the surrounding area was adhered.

The cartridge element thus obtained was subjected to curing treatment by flowing water at a flow rate of 30 m/hour for 15 minutes.

The resulting gap between the upper lids was filled with a needle-punched sheet of polypropylene fibers.

Then, the bottom lid was closed, approximately 8.0% water was added, and the top lid was closed.

It was stored in this state until use.

Using a drum can, we created a housing in which this cartridge element could be set.

The outline is shown in Figure 3.

A hole is made in the bottom of the drum can 19 so that the liquid discharged from the joint 20 can be discharged through a pipe 22.

When the above-mentioned cartridge element was fitted into the joint 20 with one touch, the cartridge element was crimped onto the joint by internal pressure and a complete seal was formed.

When this device was used for processing, the following results were obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the flow sheet of the present invention, and in the figure, the main symbols 4 are a sand filter tower, and 5 is an adsorption tower. The second figure is a detailed explanatory diagram of the present invention using a cart t-IJ joint unit. Reference numerals 10 to 13 are cartridge units. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method for setting a cartridge element in a container.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. When treating water through a treatment process consisting of a sand filtration process and an adsorption process, the water is first treated in the sand filtration process and then in the adsorption process, and the adsorbent used in the adsorption process is 1. A method for treating water, characterized in that it is a complex composed of a substance having physical activity and a carrier in an integrated state.