JPS5918532B2 - supercharger - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a supercharger, and is particularly suitable as a small supercharger used for the purpose of increasing the output of a vehicle engine.

Diesel engines for vehicles have a wide range of rotational speeds and output, and require high torque in the medium and low speed range. High supply air pressure is required even in the region.

However, if a supercharger that increases the charge air pressure in the medium and low speed range is used, the charge air pressure in the high speed range will become too high, and the engine's maximum explosion pressure will also become too high, resulting in unduly harsh conditions for the engine. A load will be added.

Therefore, for these reasons, it becomes necessary to limit the supply air pressure.

Furthermore, in the case of a gasoline engine, the ratio between the amount of fuel and the amount of air needs to be controlled more accurately than in the case of a diesel engine, and the need to control the charge air pressure becomes even more severe.

For this reason, in the past, methods such as bypassing the supply air or exhaust air or making the nozzle variable and adjusting its opening were used when the speed reached the high speed range, but these methods resulted in a lot of wasted energy. In both cases, the equipment was not satisfactory, as the configuration of the equipment was complicated and large, increasing equipment costs.

The present invention has a built-in brake controlled by the air supply pressure in order to limit the air supply pressure in a high speed range to a certain value or less, and an embodiment thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention, and a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS.
5 and 5 similarly show the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation.

In Figures 1 to 3, 1 is the turbine casing, 2 is the turbine impeller, 3 is the heat shield plate, 4 is the intermediate casing, 5 is the bearing metal, 6 is the oil filler port for the brake, and γ is the brake oil filler port. Nozzle, 8 is a lubricant for the bearing metal 5, 9 is a shaft, 10 is a thrust bearing, 11 is a thrust collar,
12 is a partition for an oil seal, 13 is a blower casing, 14 is a blower fan wheel, 15 is a shaft end NAND, 16 and 1
T is an oil drain port.

That is, the shaft 9 is rotatably supported by a bearing 5 in the intermediate casing 4 while fixing the turbine wheel 2 in the turbine casing 1 and the blower fan wheel 14 in the blower casing 13, and A notched groove 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the shaft 9 in the vehicle compartment 4 as a non-smooth part for the brake.
It has 3.

This shaft 9 is adapted to rotate in the direction indicated by arrow a in FIG.

The nozzle T communicates with the oil supply port 6 and injects oil toward the notched groove 23 in a direction counter to the rotation of the shaft 90.

Additionally, 21 is an automatic control device, and 22 is a communication pipe for transmitting blower discharge pressure to the automatic control device 21.

That is, the aforementioned automatic control device 21 includes a pressure detection device that detects the pressure of the air discharged from the blower, and uses the pressure detected by the pressure detection device as a guideline to control the pressure only when the pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure. A valve control device that opens the brake oil supply valve 18 is incorporated.

Figure 6 is a characteristic curve diagram in which the horizontal axis n represents the number of revolutions per minute of the engine, and the vertical axis p represents the supply air pressure (pressure of the air discharged from the blower) in kilograms per square centimeter. It is.

That is, curve C shows the characteristics of a normal supercharger, and curve d shows an example of the characteristics of the supercharger according to the present invention.

In the supercharger configured as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, as the engine speed increases, the energy input to the turbine wheel 2 increases, and the shaft 9 speed also increases. The charge air pressure increases to pl, which corresponds to the engine speed n1, as seen in the curve of FIG.

Here, the pressure detection device of the automatic control device 21 detects the discharge pressure p1, so if this pressure p is set to a set value, the valve control device of the automatic control device 21 is activated to supply brake oil. The valve 18 is opened, and the pressure oil reaches the brake nozzle 1 from the main oil supply pipe 19 through the oil supply pipe 20 and the oil supply port 6, and from the nozzle 1, a jet of pressure oil is directed into the notch groove 23 in the rotational direction a of the rotor. It blows in the opposite direction, and the brake is applied to the shaft 9.

This jet oil supply amount increases in proportion to the increase in oil supply pressure,
The braking force increases as the engine speed n increases.

In this way, the characteristics shown by curve d in FIG. 6 are achieved.

Note that when the air supply pressure does not exceed the set pressure p1, the oil supply valve 18 is automatically controlled to be in a closed state.

Next, since the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is not significantly different from the first embodiment described above, the same or equivalent parts are given the same reference numerals.

That is, in this second embodiment, blades 24 are provided on the shaft 9 in place of the aforementioned notched grooves 23.

In other words, since the sleeve 25 having the blades 24 is integrally fitted to the shaft 9, when the pressure p of the discharge air of the blower rises to the set value p1, just as in the case described above, the automatic control device The valve control device 21 operates to open the brake oil supply valve 18, and a jet of pressure oil is sprayed from the brake nozzle γ to the blades 24 in the opposite direction to the rotational direction a of the rotor. The brakes are applied.

Therefore, the supercharger of this embodiment also achieves the characteristics shown by curve d in FIG.

As described above, the present invention fixes the turbine wheel in the turbine casing and the blower fan wheel in the blower casing, and fixes the outer periphery of the shaft in the intermediate casing, which is rotatably supported on the bearing in the intermediate casing. It has a non-smooth portion for a brake at a proper location, and communicates with a brake oil supply port provided in the intermediate casing to supply oil to the non-smooth portion of the shaft in a direction counter to the rotation of the shaft. and a brake oil supply path that sends oil from the main oil supply pipe to the brake oil supply port, and a brake oil supply path from the middle of the brake oil supply path to the brake nozzle. A brake refueling valve installed in the passage between the two, a pressure detection device that detects the pressure of the air discharged from the blower, and the pressure detected by this pressure detection device as a guideline when the pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure. Since the valve controller is equipped with a valve control device that opens the oil supply valve for the brake only when the brake oil supply valve is opened, when the pressure of the discharge air of the blower exceeds a predetermined pressure, the oil supply valve for the brake is automatically opened and the oil supply valve for the brake is automatically opened. When the brakes are applied, it is possible to avoid applying a severe load to the engine. Moreover, the structure is simple, and since the brake operation is performed using a portion of the lubricating oil that is originally required, manufacturing costs are reduced. Not only does it significantly reduce operating costs, but it also has much lower energy loss than conventional bypass methods.
The effects of the present invention are extremely unique.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional front view of the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partial sectional side view taken along cutting line -H in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an explanation showing the piping system in Fig. 1. 4 are longitudinal sectional front views of the second embodiment of the present invention shown in correspondence with FIG. 1, and FIG.
The figure is a partial cross-sectional side view taken along the cutting line v-■ in Fig. 4.
The figure is a characteristic curve diagram. 1... Turbine casing, 2... Turbine impeller,
3... Cage hot plate, 4... Intermediate compartment, 5... Bearing metal, 6... Brake oil filler port, 1... Brake nozzle, 8... Oil filler port, 9 ...shaft, 10.
... Thrust bearing, 11... Thrust collar, 12...
- Bulkhead for oil seal, 13... blower casing, 14... blower fan wheel, 15... shaft end nut, 16
, 17... Oil drain port, 18... Brake oil supply valve,
19... Main oil supply pipe, 20... Brake oil supply pipe,
21...1 motion control device, 22... communication pipe, 23...
Notch groove, 24...Blade, 25...Sleeve, a...
- Arrow indicating the rotation direction of the rotor, b. c, d...Curve, n...Engine speed, p...
・Air supply pressure.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A non-slip plate for braking is installed at a suitable location on the outer periphery of a shaft in the intermediate casing of a shaft which fixes the turbine impeller in the turbine casing and the blower fan wheel in the blower casing and is rotatably supported on a bearing in the intermediate casing. a brake nozzle that communicates with a brake oil supply port provided in the intermediate casing and injects oil toward the non-smooth portion i of the shaft in a direction counter to the rotation of the shaft; and a brake oil supply path that sends oil from the main oil supply pipe to the brake oil supply port, and an oil passage between the middle of this brake oil supply path and the brake nozzle. A brake oil supply valve is provided, a pressure detection device detects the pressure of the air discharged from the blower, and the brake is activated only when the pressure detected by the pressure detection device becomes a predetermined pressure or higher. A turbocharger comprising a valve control device that opens a fuel supply valve for use.