JPS5922865B2 - Underground structures for houses with basements - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an underground structure suitable for use in basements of general houses.

Currently, in Japan, there are few examples of basements being installed in ordinary houses, but they are becoming more common in other countries.

Basements are not only a good way to make effective use of land where land prices are soaring, but they are also safe even if the above-ground building collapses or disappears due to an earthquake or fire, making it suitable as an evacuation site or a place to store valuables. Since the container is always kept at a cool temperature, it is convenient for storing and storing materials that are easily deteriorated by high temperatures.

For this reason, underground structures for houses with basements are being considered in Japan as well.

In order to construct an underground structure for a house with a basement, the important things are that the construction cost be as low as possible, that it can block the infiltration of underground water, and that there be sufficient ventilation.

This invention satisfies these points, and is surrounded by a waterproof wall, which enables natural ventilation without the use of artificial power, and is livable as an evacuation site in the event of a disaster such as a fire or earthquake. The purpose is to provide an excellent underground structure for a house with a basement that is inexpensive to construct.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 is an underground casing (hereinafter referred to as the casing) installed directly under a house 11 made of wood, mortar, or a material such as ferrocement described later; when the casing 1 is completely buried underground, Any part of the structure may be exposed above the ground.

The wall surface 2, floor surface 3, and ceiling surface 4 of this housing 1 are integrally formed of a high-density cement mortar/wire mesh bonding material in which layers of wire mesh equivalent to the wall thickness are press-fitted into cement mortar a. This is what is called ferrocement.

This ferrocement is different from conventional cement products, which are generally brittle and difficult to prevent water from penetrating.
Unlike this, it has a thin-walled structure that is lightweight and flexible, extremely strong and has excellent impact resistance, and the high-density bonding of multiple layers of wire mesh and mortar minimizes the occurrence of cracks. Highly waterproof and moisture-proof,
It is a structural material that can be used in a wide range of high and low temperatures, and has various excellent properties such as non-flammability and non-toxicity.

While reinforced concrete exhibits the relative strength of iron, cement, and aggregate, ferrocement exhibits their synergistic combined effect.

In the trial, the tensile strength of three samples of the same thickness, ferrocement, reinforced concrete and unreinforced concrete, was 3001C9/cwt # 25 t.
ell/crA #10 kg/crA, bending strength is 9/crtf for 600, 97ca1m for a50
40 to 9/crA, compressive strength is sequentially 42 oHic
rrtm 315tcg, ycd, 210 koji/cri
Met.

Although the ferrocement used in this example is thin, it goes without saying that the wall surface 2, floor surface 3, and ceiling surface 4 are formed to have a thickness suitable for their respective functions.

Reference numeral 5 denotes an intake cylinder made of ferrocement, which communicates with a communication port 6 provided at the lower part of one wall surface 2A of the housing 1, and whose tip 5' opens at a low position above the ground.
One side wall of No. 1 is also located on the outside.

The opening of the intake cylinder 5 is oriented horizontally to prevent rain or the like from directly entering.

Further, if necessary, a filter 1 may be provided in the opening for the purpose of preventing dust from entering from now on.

In addition, in order for the intake cylinder 5 to serve as an emergency entrance and exit, it is desirable that its inner diameter be large enough for a person to pass through, and that a ladder 8 be provided on the inner surface.

Reference numeral 9 denotes an exhaust pipe made of ferrocement, which communicates with the upper part of the other wall surface 2B of the housing 1 through a communication port 10, and the tip 9' of the exhaust pipe 9 opens at a position high above the ground.

This exhaust pipe・9. is installed inside or outside along the side wall of the house 11 on the ground. However, if a hollow panel made of the ferrocement is used as the wall of the house 11, the cavity inside the panel You may also use a part of it.

Since natural ventilation is possible within the housing 1 due to the chimney action, there is no need to install any artificial ventilation device 12 in the present invention.

However, when the ventilation device 12 is installed, active ventilation is provided in addition to natural ventilation.

FIG. 1 shows a ventilation system 12 that uses wind power.

13 is an entrance/exit provided at a suitable location on the ceiling surface 4 of the housing 1;
It communicates with the floor surface 3 of the housing 1 via a staircase 14 or the like.

Further, this entrance/exit 13 also communicates with the floor of a house 11 installed directly above the housing 1.

Reference numeral 15 denotes an opening/closing lid made of ferrocement provided at the entrance/exit 13 of the housing 1, and the opening/closing lid 15 is of a sliding type so that it is open during normal times and can be closed during emergencies, etc. .

When the opening/closing lid 15 provided at the entrance/exit 13 of the housing 1 is closed, even if the house 11 on the ground burns due to a fire or the like, the flames on the ground will rise upwards, and the upward air current will act strongly, preventing the underground housing 11 from burning. 1, and even if there is some gap between the entrance/exit 13 and the opening/closing lid 15, flame or smoke will not enter into the housing 1.

As described above, according to the present invention, the wall surface of the casing 1 is made of ferrocement, which is a high-density bonding material of cement mortar/wire mesh, in which a number of layers of wire mesh comparable to the wall thickness of the casing 1 are press-fitted into cement mortar. 2. Since the floor surface 3 and ceiling surface 4 are integrally formed, the problems of fragility and water permeability that occur when conventional cement products are applied to underground structures are solved at once.

In other words, ferrocement, which is a high-density binder with the above structure, is lightweight, flexible, extremely strong, and has excellent impact resistance, and the high-density bond between multiple layers of wire mesh and mortar minimizes the occurrence of siflux. It is a structural material that is highly waterproof and moisture-proof, has a wide range of high and low temperatures, and has various excellent properties such as non-combustibility and non-toxicity, so it is resistant to natural disasters such as fires and earthquakes. However, underground structures have no risk of collapse, can sufficiently block the inflow of groundwater, and are also highly effective in terms of disaster prevention measures.

In addition, an intake pipe made of ferrocement, which communicates with the communication port at the bottom of one side wall of the underground casing and whose tip opens at a low level above the ground, is provided so as to be located outside the one side wall of the house. Since the exhaust pipe made of ferrocement is provided, which communicates with the communication port on the upper part of the other side wall of the underground casing and has its tip opened at a high position above the ground, a chimney effect works, natural ventilation is carried out, and outside air is removed. Tip 5' of intake cylinder 5
At the same time, the dirty air inside the housing 1 is easily discharged from the tip 9' of the exhaust pipe 9.

As a result, the inside of the housing 1 is always filled with clean air, and even if dew condenses on the walls inside the housing 1 due to the humidity of the outside air or the temperature difference between the outside air and the inside of the housing 1, The dehumidification effect is exerted by the circulation of air through natural ventilation, resulting in natural evaporation.

Therefore, the interior of the casing 1 provided underground is always maintained at a constant temperature, improving livability, and valuable items, daily necessities, etc. can be stored and stored effectively.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, it is suitable as an evacuation site in the event of a disaster such as a fire or an earthquake because of its excellent livability.

Particularly in the case of a long-term evacuation, the casing 1 is integrally molded with a high-density bond of cement mortar and wire mesh, in which layers of wire mesh equivalent to the thickness of the cement mortar are pressed into the cement mortar. Natural ventilation inside the housing 1 is carried out smoothly, so there is no risk of underground water seepage from the walls, stagnation of dirty air, moisture, etc., which is typical of basements, and even if the inside of the housing 1 is heated, oxygen is not generated. There is no need to worry about the damage that caused the deficiency.
It can also be used as a temporary residence in the event of a disaster.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the opening/closing lid 15 is provided at the entrance/exit 13 of the housing 1, and since the opening/closing lid 15 is made of the same ferrocement as the housing 1,
In the event of a fire or the like breaking out in a house on the ground, a person gets down through the 110 floors of the house, opens the opening/closing lid 15, enters through the entrance/exit 13 of the housing 1, and then closes the opening/closing lid 15 to open the housing. As a result of shutting off the inside of the housing 1 and the house on the ground, even if the house 11 on the ground burns down, the inside of the housing 1 is safe, and the intake pipe is installed in a safe place outside one side wall of the house 11. 5. It is also possible to evacuate outside.

In addition, even if the house 11 on the ground burns due to a fire, the flames on the ground rise upwards, and the upward air current acts strongly, creating a pressure difference between the underground housing 1 and the doorway 13 and the opening/closing lid. Even if there is some gap between casing 1 and 15, flames and smoke will
It is extremely safe and does not intrude into the body.

Although not specified in the above embodiment, it is also possible to divide the inside of the housing 1 into classrooms and prepare storage areas for water tanks, food, etc. in advance, and use it as a key point in the event of an emergency evacuation. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figures show an embodiment of the invention, with FIG. 1 being a sectional view thereof, and FIG. 2 being a partially enlarged sectional view of the casing. 1...Underground enclosure, 2...Wall surface, 3
...Floor surface, 4...Ceiling surface, 5...
...Intake pipe, 9...Exhaust pipe, 12...
Ventilation equipment.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Walls, floors, and ceilings are integrally formed using ferrocement, which is a high-density binder for cement mortar and wire mesh, which is a high-density bonding material for cement mortar and wire mesh pressed into the cement mortar with a number of layers equal to the thickness of the wall. An underground casing is provided directly under the house, and an intake pipe made of ferrocement is connected to a communication port at the bottom of one side wall of the underground casing and the tip thereof opens at a low position above the ground. Further, an exhaust pipe made of the ferrocement is provided so as to be located on the outside of the underground casing, and the exhaust pipe is made of the ferrocement and communicates with the communication opening on the upper part of the other side wall of the underground casing and has its tip opened at a high position above the ground. An underground structure for a house with a basement, comprising an entrance/exit leading to the floor of the housing installed directly above the underground casing at an appropriate location on the ceiling surface of the casing, and an opening/closing lid made of the above-mentioned ferrocement provided at the entrance/exit. .