JPS5924373B2 - Air detection device for gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air inside buildings - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic dinit air control system, and more particularly to an air detector for gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in buildings.

The invention can be used in automatic control and detection of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in structures, such as industrial buildings.

This device is most successfully used in various facility and factory protection systems to detect pre-explosive concentrations of various flammable gases and combustible vapors in the air within buildings.
Hereinafter, the building will be explained as a factory building, but it is not limited to this. Thermochemical detectors have been widely and long known for detecting pre-explosive concentrations of various combustible gases and vapors in the air inside industrial buildings. These detectors are equipped with catalysts to burn off combustible gases contained in the air being analyzed. The amount of heat released on the catalyst, and therefore the temperature of the catalyst, varies with the concentration of those gases in the air. This temperature is usually measured by a resistance thermometer, which often also functions as a catalyst. These detectors can control the concentration of combustible gas from 5 to 50% below the lower explosive limit.

Because of such sensitivity of thermochemical detectors, thermochemical detectors can be effectively used in fire protection and explosion protection equipment for factory buildings. However, due to their principle of operation, thermochemical detectors require complex special equipment to make them explosion-proof. The provision of such complex explosion-proof equipment is also necessary for other known detectors, such as plasma ion and spark detectors. Therefore, it is convenient to detect the pre-explosion concentration of gas using air gas detectors, which are now becoming widely adopted due to advances in dinit technology. The principle of these gas detectors is based on the measurement of certain physical parameters whose dependence on the chemical composition of the substance being analyzed is precisely determined. These parameters include volume, partial pressure, concentration of mixed gas, etc. However, the air gas detectors described above cannot be used to indicate pre-explosive concentrations of 4 combustible gases and vapors in the air.

The reason is that for the majority of substances their concentration is 1
This is because the sensitivity level of these gas detectors to changes in the composition of the resulting gas is typically 10% by volume or more, although it does not exceed 1.5% by volume. This is because these gas detectors rely mostly on quantitative changes in the flow parameters of the dinitsessor, yet preserve the quantitative characteristics of that flow.

With the appearance of the analyzed concentration, the physical properties of the analyzed medium change, although not significantly. For example, when the concentration of acetylene in air reaches its lower explosive limit of 20%, the density of air is only 0.57%, and the viscosity is 0.353.
% respectively. As a result, the output signal of the sensor in any one of the known air gas detectors supplied with said medium changes by an amount commensurate with the acceptable noise level of modern pneumatic automation equipment. Therefore, it becomes necessary to provide an air detector to detect the pre-explosion stage concentration. The high sensitivity required to solve this problem can be achieved with such detectors in two ways. That is, 1. Provide an independent amplifier with a high degree of amplification. This method is not economical. 2. A method of providing a sensor that is highly sensitive to changes in the composition of the working medium within a certain region of a static curve that provides the relationship between the values of the output signal and the input signal of the sensor.

This method is a more economical method. This region has been found to be the region of the static curve of the dinitsessor with feed and receiver tubes that corresponds to the transition state from laminar to turbulent flow of the gas to be analyzed. Sensors in this region have high amplification. The method of the present invention for detecting the pre-explosion concentration of a combustible gas takes advantage of the dynamic effects associated with qualitative changes in the gas jet flow caused by changes in the physical properties of the gas flowing in the supply pipe. .

This method has been implemented with air detectors for gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air of industrial buildings (see, for example, USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 395,723).

The detector has a dinit setter in the form of a supply tube and a receiver tube housed within the body. The supply pipe communicates via a first switch with the channel of the gas to be analyzed and the channel of the reference gas. The control inlet of this switch is connected to a generator that sets the operating mode of the detector. The supply pipe of the generator leads to one inlet of a pressure comparator, the other inlet of which is connected to a reference pressure setter.

This pressure setting device is made in the form of a slotted divider that passes through the ejector. The outlet of the pressure comparator is connected to an output relay and a vacuum generator via a second switch. The control inlet of the second switch is also coupled to the outlet of the timing signal generator. The vacuum generator of a given detector is constructed in the form of a cascaded throttle and air container.

The throttle is connected to a second switch, and the vessels are each connected to an ejector through an amplifier. The ejector passes through the interior space of the dinitsessor. However, the metrological properties of known air detectors are not sufficiently large.

The reason for this is based on the following factors. In known air detectors, the analysis of the concentration of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air is preceded by a so-called operating point correction.

The term "operating point" in this case is to be understood as the point of the static curve of the dinitsetter that represents the dependence of the dynamic head in the receiving pipe on the pressure difference in the supply pipe. This point is on the sharpest region of the curve, corresponding to the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the gap between the feed and receiver tubes. This operating point correction equalizes the pressures entering the inlet of the pressure comparator from the receiver tube and the reference pressure setter. During this correction, the air detector develops natural oscillations. This is because the outlet of the pressure comparator is connected to the ejector by means of a second switch and a vacuum generator. These natural vibrations cause the detector to become unstable and malfunction.
The amplitude of this natural vibration increases with increasing sharpness of the static curve. This makes it impossible to use dinit sensors with the sharpest static curves. That is, the sensitivity to gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air being analyzed cannot be maximized. At the same time, known detectors cannot be set up to indicate various concentrations of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors within factory buildings.

This is because the known detector has no means for changing the position of the operating point in order to change the concentration at which it operates. Additionally, known air detectors have relatively short lifetimes.

The reason is that at the output terminal of the generator, an air signal "1" is generated, which corresponds to the correction of the operating point, and an air signal "0", which corresponds to the direct analysis of the concentration of the pollutant in the analyzed gas. This is because the ratio of the time required for this does not exceed 1:10. As a result, the detector correction cycle, which lasts 5-7 seconds, is repeated every minute. However, depending on the operating conditions, the frequency of these correction cycles can be quite low. It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the metrological properties of air detectors for airborne gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in industrial buildings.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable air detector for determining various concentrations of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air inside a factory building. Yet another object of the invention is to extend the operational life of air detectors.

These objectives are such that the supply line of the GINIT sensor communicates with the reference gas channel and the gas channel to be analyzed via a first switch, the control input of the first switch is connected to the outlet of the pulser, and this The pulser functions to set the operating mode, with the receiver tube of the dinit sensor communicating with one inlet of the pressure comparator and the other inlet of the pressure comparator being connected to a reference pressure setter, Output 1 is connected to the output relay through a second switch, the outlet of the second switch is connected to the control inlet of the pulser through the first switch, and the said outlet of the pulser is connected to the second switch through a delay unit. a control inlet of the pressure adder and a motion controller having a pressure adder, an inlet of the pressure adder and a second switch in cascade; through a pressure adder and a third switching device to the reference pressure setter, which communicates with the second input margin sensor of the pressure adder, and whose third inlet communicates with the center point A of the voltage divider; The center point A communicates with the atmosphere through a third switch, the inlet of the pressure divider communicates with one of the reference pressure setters,
Its outlet communicates with the atmosphere, the outlet of the pressure adder is connected through an intensifier to an ejector for discharging the air in the Ginnit sensor, and the control inlet of the second switch, the control inlet of the third switch, and the The control inlet of the three-switcher is achieved by an air detector for gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors within the building, which is characterized in that it is connected to the outlet of the pulsar.

This air sensor has better metrological properties than known air sensors.

The reason why such high metrological properties are obtained is that even though the air detector of the present invention utilizes a dinit setter that has a sharp static curve and is therefore highly sensitive,
It must operate stably. The operation controller includes a pressure adder, and since the control inlet of the pressure adder communicates with the integrator that smoothly increases the degree of vacuum in the jet sensor body, the detector remains active even during operating point correction. It works stably. Since the outlet of the pressure comparator is connected to the control inlet of the pulsar through the second switch and the third switch, and the outlet of the pulsar is connected to the second switch, the pressure adder corresponds to the operating point. Memorize the required vacuum. At the same time, the air detector of the present invention can be adjusted to detect various concentrations of pollutants in the air.

This adjustment is possible because the pressure adder is provided with a pressure divider, the center point of which communicates with one of the inlets of the pressure adder and, via a second switch, with the atmosphere. . Depending on the air resistance relationship of the pressure divider, the vacuum stored by the pressure adder changes, and the concentration of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the analyzed gas on which the detector operates changes. . The air detector of the present invention also has a longer lifespan than conventional ones.

The reason for this is that the operating mode is set and a pulser is provided with said connection. Therefore, the ratio between the time required to correct the operating point and the time required to directly analyze the concentration of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air being analyzed can be adjusted as needed. It is possible to set it arbitrarily. As a result, the frequency of correction can be significantly reduced and the lifetime of the detector can be extended. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings. The air detector of the present invention for detecting gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air within a factory building has a dinit sensor 1 (FIG. 1).
This sensor 1 is composed of a supply pipe 3, a receiving pipe 4, and a body 2 that houses these pipes. The supply pipe 3 communicates via a switch 7 with the gas channel 5 to be analyzed and with the reference gas channel 6 . The gas to be analyzed is the air inside the factory building. Standard gas consists of pure air.
A control inlet 8 of the switch 7 is connected to an outlet 9 of the pulser 10. Receiving tube 4 is connected to inlet 11 of pressure comparator 12 . The inlet 13 of the pressure comparator 12 is a reference pressure setter 14
connected to. The outlet of the pressure comparator 12 is a switch 16
It is connected to the inlet 15 of the. Control inlet 1 of switch 16
7 is connected to the outlet 9 of the pulser 10 via a delay unit 18. One outlet 19 of the switch 16 is connected to an output relay 20 and the other outlet 21 is connected by a switch 22 to a control inlet 23 of the pulser 10. Outlet 9 of pulser 10 is connected to motion controller 24 .

The motion controller 24 takes the form of a pressure adder 25 with three inlets 26, 27, 28. Inlet 26 of pressure adder 25
is connected to an integrator 30 by a switch 29, the control inlet 31 of the switch 29 is connected to the outlet 9 of the pulsar 10,
The inlet of integrator 30 is connected to the outlet of switch 32. The control inlet 33 of the switch 32 is connected to the outlet of the pulsar 10, and the other inlets 34, 35 are connected to the reference pressure setter 36,
37 respectively. Inlet 27 of pressure adder 25
communicates with the center point A of a voltage divider 38 consisting of two air resistances 39 and 40.

This central point A communicates with the atmosphere via a switch 41 whose control inlet 42 communicates with the outlet 9 of the pulsar 10. The inlet of the pressure divider 38 communicates with the reference pressure setter 14, and the outlet communicates with the atmosphere. Inlet 2 of pressure adder 25
8 communicates with the internal space of the body 2 of the GINIT sensor 1.

The outlet of the pressure adder 25 is connected to an ejector 44 via an amplifier 43.
connected to.

The ejector 44 also communicates with the dinit sensor 1 . The gas channel 5 to be analyzed is a pipe 4 communicating with the supply pipe 3.
5 (FIG. 2), and a filter 46 is provided.

The standard gas channel 6 is a pipe 4 communicating with the supply pipe 3.
7 (FIG. 3), and is connected to the first switch 7 via a throttle 48. This first switching device 7
communicates with a compressed air source 49 via the pulser 10. Throttle 48 is of conventional construction and limits the consumption of pure airflow. The switch 7 has two thin films 50, 5 with different areas.
It is made in the form of 1.

These membranes are secured together by rods 52 and form chambers 54, 56 within a common case 53. The abutting end of rod 52 located within chamber 54 is represented as shutter 57 of nozzle 58.

The nozzle 58 communicates with the pulsar outlet 9 via a pipe 59. Chamber 55 serves as control inlet 8 of switch 7 and is connected by pipes 60 and 59 to outlet 9 of the balsa. Chamber 56 is connected by a pipe 61 to an outlet 62 of a pressure head setter 63. Pressure head setting device 63
has a thin film 64 housed in a case 65,
This thin film 64 divides the case 65 into two chambers 66 and 67.
Divide into.

A spring 68 and a screw 69 are inserted into the chamber 66 . Spring 68 is connected to membrane 64 and screw 69 connects spring 6
Used to adjust the tension of 8. The rigid central portion of membrane 64 functions as a shutter 70 for nozzle 71. Nozzle 71 communicates with the atmosphere. Pressure head setter 63 also has a constant flow throttle 72 attached to pipe 73. Pipe 73 is connected to chamber 67 and compressed air source 49 . The pulser 10 that sets the operating mode of this air detector has three thin films 74, 75, and 76, which are fixed to each other by rods and are arranged in four chambers 79 inside a common case 78. ,80,81,82
form.

The butt ends of the rods J and V constitute shutters 83 and 84 for nozzles 85 and 86, respectively. nozzle 85
is connected to compressed air source 49 by pipe 87, and nozzle 86 is connected to chamber 81 and button 94 by pipes 88, 90, 91, 92 and variable resistance throttle 93, and communicates with chamber 79 by pipes 88, 89. . The throttle 93 and button 94 are of known construction. Button 94 allows the operating point of the detector to be adjusted at any time.

Chamber 80 is connected to pressure head setter outlet 62.

The pressure comparator 12 is fixed by a rod 100, and chambers 102, 103, 104,
Five thin films 95, 9 forming 105, 106, 107
It consists of 6, 97, 98, and 99.

The butt ends of the rod 100 are nozzles 110, 111.
It functions as shirt shirts 108 and 109 for. Nozzle 110 is connected to compressed air source 49 by pipe 112. Nozzle 111 and chambers 103, 105 communicate with the atmosphere. One inlet of pressure comparator 12 is chamber 1
The chamber 106 is configured by the inlet of the pipe 1
It is connected to the receiving tube 4 by 13. The other inlet 13 of the pressure comparator 12 is constituted by a chamber 104. This chamber 104 is connected to a reference pressure setting device 14 by a pipe 114.
connected to. The structure of reference pressure setter 14 is similar to that of pressure head setter 63.

That is, the reference pressure setting device 14 has a thin film 115 and a spring 1.
16, screws 117, chambers 118, 119, a nozzle 120 communicating with the atmosphere, and a throttle 121 attached to a pipe 122 connected to a compressed air source 49. Chamber 118 communicates with chamber 104 of pressure comparator 12, and chamber 119 communicates with the atmosphere. The outlet of the pressure comparator 12 is the chamber 102
and an exit from 107.

Chambers 102 and 107 are connected to each other by a pipe 123. This pipe 123 is the inlet 1 of the switch 16.
5. The structure of switch 16 is similar to that of pulser 10. The inlet 15 of the switch 16 is constituted by the inlets of chambers 124 and 125. Chamber 1
24 and 125 are connected to each other by a pipe 126.
The control inlet 17 of the switch 16 is constituted by the inlet of the chamber 127. Chamber 127 is connected to outlet 9 of pulsar 10 by pipe 90. Pipe 90 has a constant flow throttle 128. This throttle 128 functions as a delay unit 18. The delay time of this delay unit depends on the air resistance of the throttle 128. Chamber 129 is connected to pressure head setter outlet 62.

The switch 16 is provided with a rod 130.

Nozzle 131 functioning as outlet 21 of switch 16
is connected to the chamber 13 of the switch 22 via the pipe 132.
3. The structure of switch 22 is similar to that of switch 7.

The chamber 134 is connected to the chamber 81 of the pulser 10 via pipes 135, 91, 92, and the chamber 81
The inlet serves as the control inlet 23 of the pulsar 10. Chamber 136 is connected to pressure head setter outlet 62. Switch 22 has a rod 137. Nozzle 13
8 is connected to a compressed air source 49 via a pipe 139. The pipe 123 is provided with a pressure gauge 140 for checking the operation of the air detector.

Nozzle 141 serving as outlet 19 of switch 16
is connected to the chamber 14 of the output relay 20 by the pipe 142.
3.

The structure of output relay 20 is similar to that of switch 16. The chamber 144 is connected to a nozzle 145 and an air indicator 146 via pipes 147 and 148, respectively. Air indicator 146 is of conventional construction. Chamber 1
49 is connected to outlet 62 of the pressure head setter. Chamber 150 communicates with the atmosphere. Relay 20 is rod 1
It has 51. Nozzle 152 is connected to compressed air source 49 via pipe 153. Pressure adder 25 of motion controller 24 is similar to pressure comparator 12.

The inlet 26 of the pressure adder 25 is constituted by the inlet of the chamber 154. Chamber 154 is connected to nozzle 156 of switch 29 by pipe 155. Population 27 is constituted by the entrance of chamber 157. Chamba 157
communicates with the center point A of the voltage divider 38 by a pipe 158. The inlet 28 of the pressure adder 25 is the inlet of a chamber 159, which is connected by a pipe 160 to the
It communicates with the internal space of the body 2 of the sensor 1 . The outlet of the pressure adder 25 is formed by the outlets from chambers 161, 162, which chambers communicate with each other by a pipe 163. Pipe 163 is connected to ejector 44 via amplifier 43 . Amplifier 43 and ejector 44 are conventional. Ejector 44 is connected to the chamber of pressure adder 25 via pipe 164. Chamber 165 communicates with the atmosphere.

The pressure adder 25 has a rod 66. Nozzle 167
communicates with the atmosphere, and the nozzle 168 is connected to a source of compressed air 49 via a pipe 169. The voltage divider 38 is composed of two throttles 170 and 171 connected in series.

Throttle 170 has variable air resistance. Voltage divider 38
The inlet is connected to the chamber 118 of the reference pressure setter 14 via pipes 172, 114, and the outlet is open to the atmosphere.

The center point A of the voltage divider 38 is connected to the nozzle 174 of the switch 41 via pipes 158, 173. switch 4
1 has the same structure as the switch 22. The control inlet 42 of the switch 41 is formed by the inlet of the chamber 175;
Chamber 175 is connected to pulsar outlet 9 by pipe 176. Chamber 177 of switch 41 opens to the atmosphere, and chamber 178 is connected by pipe 179 to outlet 62 of the pressure cache. Switch 41 has a rod 180. The construction of switch 29 is similar to that of switch 41. Its control inlet 31 is formed by the inlet of a chamber 181, which is connected to the pulsar outlet 9 by a pipe 182. Chamber 183 is pipe 184
The chamber 185 is connected to the integrator 30 by a pipe 186. Switch 29 has a rod 187. Integrator 30 is made in the form of an air container 188.

This air container 188 is connected to chamber 185 of switch 29 and chamber 190 of switch 32 by pipes 189 and 186. Air container 188 is switch 3
It is also connected to the second chamber 193 by a pipe 191. A variable air resistance throttle 192 is provided on the pipe 191. The configuration of switch 32 is similar to that of switch 16. Its control inlet 33 is constituted by the inlet of a chamber 194, which is connected by a pipe 195 to the outlet 9 of the pulsar. Chamber 195 is connected by pipe 197 to pressure head setter outlet 62. The switch 32 has a rod 198, a nozzle 199,
It has 200. Nozzle 199 is connected to compressed air source 49 by pipe 201. This compressed air source functions as a reference pressure setter 36. Nozzle 200 is pipe 20
2 to the chamber 203 of the reference pressure setting device 37. Reference pressure setter 37 is similar to reference pressure setter 14 .

The reference pressure setting device 37 is connected to a compressed air source 49 through a pipe 209, a chamber 204 that houses a spring 205 and a screw 206, a chamber 203 that houses a nozzle 207 that communicates with the atmosphere, and is directly connected to the chamber 203. It has a throttle 208. Next, the operation of the air detector of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3a-j.

3a is the outlet of the switch 22, b is the outlet of the pulser 10, c is the inlet of the switch 7, d is the inlet of the switches 29 and 41, e is the inlet of the switch 32, Figure f is the inlet of the switch 16, g is the outlet of the body of the dinit sensor 1, h is the outlet of the dinit sensor 1, h is the outlet of the pressure comparator 12, and j is the outlet of the pressure comparator 12. 3 shows waveform diagrams of the air signal at the output relay 20 over time. In these waveform diagrams, time is plotted on the X-axis, or horizontal axis, and pressure is plotted on the Y-axis, or vertical axis.

An electrical signal “1” on the Y-axis corresponds to an air pressure approximately equal to the pressure of the compressed air source 49. When the pressure of the compressed air source 49 is 1.
When equal to 4±0.14k9/Cd, the commanded air pressure is not less than 1k9/Cd. Y-axis soil air signal “
0'' corresponds to atmospheric pressure. The detector of the invention operates in two modes: a correction of the operating point, which is carried out when the dinit sensor 1 is supplied with a reference gas (in this case pure air); It works with the direct determination of the concentration of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the gas being analyzed (in this case the air inside the factory building).

The operating point correction mode is initiated when the air signal "1" (FIG. 3b) appears at the outlet 9 of the pulser 10.

This signal "1" is automatically or normally closed pushbutton 94
appears at the exit 9 of the pulsa 10 when pressed by hand.
When the push button 94 is pressed, the chamber 8 of the balsa 10
1 communicates with the atmosphere through pipes 92 and 91, and its internal pressure becomes equal to zero. In this case, the pressure head (approximately 0.6k9/Cd) in the chamber 80 and the thin films 74, 7
A force is generated due to the difference in area between 5 and 76, and this force pushes Rod J Mo V downward.

As a result, the shutter 83 opens the nozzle 85 and the shutter 84 closes the nozzle 86, so that the compressed air source 49 sends an air signal "1" to the chamber 79 and the outlet 9 of the pulser 10.
Compressed air is supplied at a pressure corresponding to . This signal “1”
”, the chamber 81 communicates with the atmosphere through the throttle 93, the open nozzle 86, and the chamber 82, and the internal pressure of the chamber 81 decreases, so that the pulsar 1
automatically appears at exit 9 of 0.

Rod JMoV is also going down, so signal ``1'' at Exit 9 of Parsa 10.
appears. By adjusting the air resistance of the throttle 93, it is possible to vary the time "T" (FIG. 3b) between two adjacent correction cycles of the operating point. Therefore, by using the pulsar 10 in the capacity of the operating mode setting device in the air detector of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the frequency of operating point correction and thus extend the life of the air detector. becomes. When the air signal [1] appears at the outlet 9 of the pulser 10 at time t1, air at a pressure corresponding to this signal flows through the pipes 59 and 60 and into the chamber 55 of the switching device 7, and at the same time, the air flows through the pipe 195. It flows through the chamber 194 of the switch 32, the pipe 176, the chamber 175 of the switch 41, and the pipe 182.
through the chamber 181 of the switch 29, and Δt
After a time delay of 10 minutes, the liquid flows through the pipe 90 and the throttle 128 and into the chamber 127 of the switch 16. As a result, due to the difference in pressure between the pressure head in the chamber 56 and the air entering the chamber 55, and the difference in the area of the membranes 50, 51, the rod 52 of the switch 7 moves down to the nozzle 58. open.

Pure air from the compressed air source 49 flows from the outlet 9 of the pulser 10 through the open nozzle 58 into the chamber 54 and from there through the pipe 47 and the throttle 48 to the supply pipe 3 of the dinit sensor 1. flows into the. Since the throttle 48 is set to flow more air through the sensor 1 than the amount of air to be analyzed that is exhausted by the ejector 44, the compensation mode is such that no air to be analyzed is supplied to the sensor 1. . When the air signal "1" is received in the chamber 194 of the switch 32, the rod 198 is lowered to close the nozzle 200 and open the nozzle 199.

Compressed air then flows from the compressed air source 49 to the pipe 201.
and from the chamber 193 into the air container 188 to increase its internal pressure. By adjusting the throttle 192, the rate of air pressure increase within the air container 188 can be varied. The air signal "1" is in the chamber 175 of the switch 41.
], the rod 180 descends and opens the nozzle 174, so that the center point A of the voltage divider 38 is connected to the pipe 158,
173, nozzle 174, and chamber 177, the air pressure inside the pressure divider 38 becomes equal to zero.

The air pressure in the chamber 157 of the pressure adder 25, which communicates with the center point A of the pressure divider 38 via the pipe 158, also becomes zero. The air signal "1" is in the chamber 181 of the switch 29.
”, the rod 187 rises and opens the nozzle 156.

Then, air is passed from the air container 188 through the open nozzle 156 and the pipe 155 to the chamber 15 of the pressure adder 25.
Air begins to flow into 4. As air pressure within chamber 154 increases, rod 166 descends and partially opens nozzle 168, causing chambers 161, 162
is in communication with a source of compressed air 49 , so that chamber 161
, 162 also increases. Thereby, air flows from the chambers 161 and 162 through the pipe 163 and the amplifier 43 to the ejector 44 . Since the ejector 44 communicates with the chamber 159, the ejector 44 communicates with the chamber 159.
The air inside the chamber 159 is exhausted to reduce the pressure inside the chamber 159. Furthermore, due to the discharge action of the discharge device 44, the air inside the body 2 of the GINIT sensor 1 is also discharged to the outside through the pipes 164, 160, and the body 2
The pressure inside decreases as shown in t1 to T2 in Fig. 3g. When the air signal "1" enters the chamber 127 of the changeover 16 through the throttle 128 with a delay of time Δt (FIG. 3f), the rod 130 of the changeover 16 is lowered to the nozzle 141. to close the chambers 102 and 107 of the pressure comparator 12 and the chamber 14 of the output relay 20.
Separate from 3.

For this purpose, nozzle 131 is opened. When the nozzle 131 opens, the chambers 102, 10r of the pressure comparator 12 communicate with the chamber 133 of the switch 22. As the air container 188 of the integrator 30 gradually fills with air from the compressed air source 49, the internal air pressure of the container 188 increases.

Then, the pressure adder 25 communicating with the container 188
The internal pressure of the chamber 154 of the sensor also increases correspondingly to the increase in pressure, and as a result, the pressure inside the chamber 159 of the pressure adder 25 and the body 2 of the GINIT sensor 1 is reduced. Figure 3g
From this, it can be seen that the absolute pressure inside the body 2 decreases.
outlet of the receiving tube 4 of the dinit sensor 1 and the pressure comparator 12
The absolute pressure within the chamber 106 also drops as shown in FIG. 3h. At time T2 (Fig. 3j), the dinit sensor 1
For example, if the absolute pressure at the outlet of the receiving tube 4 is
Due to the violent activity of the pure air released from the third
If there is a sudden drop as shown in Figure h, the vacuum at the outlet and within the chamber 106 of the pressure comparator 12 is
The pressure in 04 drops below.

The air pressure within chamber 104 is regulated by reference pressure setter 14 . This adjustment is accomplished by tensioning spring 116 with screw 117. When the air pressure in chamber 104 becomes greater than the vacuum in chamber 106, rod 100 is lowered to close nozzle 111 and open nozzle 110. Chambers 102 and 107 have open nozzles 110
to a source of compressed air 49 such that the internal air pressure of chambers 102, 107 is approximately equal to the supply pressure. Air at supply pressure is passed from chambers 102, 107 through pipe 123 to chambers 124, 1 of switch 16.
25, and from there the nozzle 131 and pipe 13
2 into the chamber 133 of the switch 22.

Since the pressure in chamber 133 rises higher than the pressure inside chamber 136, which is connected via pipe 210 to outlet 62 of pressure head setter 63, rod 1
37 is lowered to open the nozzle 138 and communicate the compressed air source 49 to the chamber 81 of the pulser 10. Then, the rod 7r rises to close the nozzle 85 and open the nozzle 86. For this purpose, the chamber 79 and the outlet 9 of the pulser 10 pass through the pipe 89, the nozzle 86 and the chamber 82 to the atmosphere. Then, the air signal corresponding to atmospheric pressure "
O” appears at the exit 9 of the pulsar 10 at time T2 (the third
Figure b). When an air signal "0" appears at this outlet 9, air is discharged from the chamber 55 of the switching device 7 through the pipes 59, 60 and the nozzle 86 to the atmosphere, and the switching device 3
Air is discharged into the atmosphere from chamber 194 of switch 29 through pipe 195 and nozzle 86, air is discharged into the atmosphere from chamber 181 of switch 29 through pipe 182 and nozzle 86, and air is discharged into the atmosphere from chamber 175 of switch 41 through pipe 195 and nozzle 86. Air is discharged to the atmosphere through 176 and nozzle 86, and after a period of time, air is discharged from chamber 127 of switch 16 through pipe 90, throttle 128 and nozzle 86 to the atmosphere. As a result, the pressure head within the chamber 56 (approximately 0.6k9/Cd)
is higher than the atmospheric pressure in the chamber 54, the rod 52 of the switch 7 rises and closes the nozzle 58, thereby reducing the supply of pure air from the compressed air source 49 to the chamber 54 and the supply of pure air to the chamber 54. Connecting Ginnit
The supply of air to the supply pipe 3 of the sensor 1 is cut off.

Thereby, the gas to be analyzed begins to be discharged through the pipe 45, the filter 46, the supply pipe 3 and the receiving pipe 4. The air signal "0" is in the chamber 181 of the switch 29.
”, the rod 187 descends to close the nozzle 156 and move the chamber 154 of the pressure adder 25 into the air container 188.
cut off from

To this end, the air pressure within the chamber 154 is increased over time (T2
-t1) is maintained at the pressure level P1 reached during the period (t1). The absolute value of this pressure is determined by the dinit sensor 1 at the corresponding operating point.
It is equal to the degree of vacuum in the body 2 of . From the above explanation,
It can be seen that the air detector of the invention functions reliably during the operating point correction cycle.

Therefore, this air detector has a sharp static curve,
Therefore, it can be made with a highly sensitive dinit sensor 1. The reliable operation of this air detector is ensured by the pressure adder 25.
This is ensured by providing the operation controller 24 having the following. The inlet 26 of the pressure adder 25 is connected to an integrator 30;
This integrator 30 allows the vacuum inside the body 2 of the dinit sensor 1 to be smoothly increased. Pressure comparator 1
2 and the control inlet 23 of the pulsar 10;
Due to the connection between the outlet 9 of the pulser 10 and the switch 29, the pressure adder 25 stores the required vacuum of the corresponding operating point. When the air signal "0" is received in the chamber 194 of the switch 32, the rod 198 rises to close the nozzle 199 and open the nozzle 200.

As a result, the air pressure in the chamber 190 communicating with the reference pressure setter 37 becomes equal to the pressure set by the reference pressure setter 37 (approximately 0.22k9/Cd). When the air pressure signal "O" enters the chamber 175 of the switch 41, the rod 180 rises to close the nozzle 174 and the pressure divider 38
The center point A of is isolated from the atmosphere. Then, the pressure at the center point A will be equal to KP2. Here, P2 is the air pressure set by the reference setter 14, and k is the throttle 17.
It is a coefficient expressed as k-R2/(R1+R2), where Rl and R2 are air resistances of 0 and 171, respectively. KP2
The value establishes the minimum level of designated hazardous concentrations of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air within industrial buildings. Thus, by providing the vacuum generator 24 with the pressure divider 38, the air detector of the present invention is suitable for determining the concentration of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air within a building of any size in a factory. Can be used.

Air at a pressure of KP2 flows through pipe 158 into chamber 157 of pressure adder 25.

Under the influence of the above process, the air pressure in the chambers 154, 157 reaches pressure levels Pl, kP2, respectively. Then, the chamber 159 and the body 2 of the Ginit sensor 1
The vacuum between is (P1-KP2) as shown in Figure 3g.
is equal to This vacuum no longer corresponds to the value at which the laminar air turns into a turbulent flow flowing through the gap between the supply tube 3 and the receiving tube 4, but corresponds to the value in laminar flow. Vacuum at the outlet of the receiver tube 4 and thus a pressure comparator 12 communicating with the receiver tube 4
The vacuum in chamber 106 is reduced below the pressure in chamber 104 set by reference pressure setter 14 .
As a result, rod 100 rises, closing nozzle 110 and isolating chambers 102 and 107 from compressed air source 49. For this purpose, the air signal "0" appears at the outlet of the pressure comparator 12.
appears. When the air signal "0" delayed by Δt by the throttle 128 is input from the outlet 9 of the pulser 10 to the chamber 127 of the switch 16, it communicates with the outlet 62 of the pressure head setter 63 via the pipe 211. Since the pressure in chamber 129 becomes higher than the pressure in chamber 127, rod 130 rises and nozzle 131
, and open the nozzle 129. For this purpose, pressure comparator 1
The two chambers 102 and 107 are communicated with the chamber 143 of the output relay 20 via the nozzle 141. Since the nozzle 152 remains closed, the air signal "O"
is generated at the exit of relay 20. Air signal [0” is Δ
Since it is applied to the switch 16 with a delay of t, i.e. since the air signal "O" has already been generated at the outlet of the pressure comparator 12, a malfunction of the output relay 20 is prevented. The same delay time Δt causes the air detector to operate if it produces a signal at its outlet indicating that the concentration of the gaseous pollutant in the air and the vapor of the pollutant is at a dangerous concentration. This can prevent the point correction cycle from ending incorrectly. For example, T-T5-T2 (Figure 3j)
At time T3 during a measurement cycle with a time length of Dinit becomes turbulent.

As a result, the absolute pressure at the outlet of the receiving tube 4 drops rapidly, as shown in FIG. 3h. Then, the exit and
The vacuum in chamber 106 of pressure comparator 12 is lower than the air pressure in chamber 104. Chamba 104
When the air pressure within chamber 106 becomes higher than the vacuum within chamber 106, rod 100 descends to close nozzle 111 and open nozzle 110. To this end, chambers 102, 106 communicate via nozzle 110 with a source of compressed air 49, so that the air pressure in those chambers is approximately equal to the supply pressure. Air with a pressure equal to this supply pressure passes from chambers 102 and 107 through pipe 123 to chamber 1 of switch 16.
24,125.

At this time, nozzle 131 remains closed, and nozzle 1
41 remains open. Air at supply pressure therefore flows through nozzle 141 and pipe 142 into chamber 143 of output relay 20 . Then Rod 15
1 descends to close nozzle 145 and open nozzle 152. To this end, the chamber 144 is placed in communication with a compressed air source 49 so that compressed air at a supply pressure is supplied to the pipes 147, 14,
8 into the air detector 146, and the air detector 146 operates. A danger signal (air supply pressure, FIG. 3) then appears at the outlet of the relay 20. This outlet is constituted by the outlet of chamber 144. Once the hazardous concentration of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air inside the factory building has disappeared (e.g. at time T4), the receiver tube 4
The turbulent flow of air dinites discharged from the outlet disappears, and the absolute pressure at its outlet rises as shown in FIG. Since it is closed, the air pressure at the outlet of the pressure comparator 12 is equal to atmospheric pressure (FIG. 3, 1).

Then, the chamber 143 of the outlet relay 20 is connected to the pipe 1
42, nozzle 141, pipe 123, and chamber 1
07 and communicates with the atmosphere through a nozzle 111. Therefore, the air pressure in the chamber 143 decreases, which causes the rod 151 to rise and close the nozzle 152, causing the nozzle 1
Open 45. Then, the output relay 20 is connected to the nozzle 145
The air pressure at the outlet of the relay 20 is equal to zero (FIG. 3j). This air detector is therefore shut off. The next correction cycle of the operating point begins at time T5, and the next direct analysis cycle begins at time T6.

These two cycles operate in the same manner as described above. This need for periodic correction of the operating point is due to changes in physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pressure of the gas being analyzed and the reference gas.

The inventive air detector of gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air within industrial buildings allows the determination of various dangerous concentrations of these pollutants with high accuracy and reliability.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air detector of the present invention for detecting gaseous pollutants and pollutant vapors in the air inside a factory building;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the air detector of the present invention, Fig. 3 a B2C
Radra e? The ftsu g hler I7j connects the outlet of the third switch and the pulser, the outlet of the first and second switches, the outlet of the third switch, the outlet of the second switch, and the
FIG. 3 is a waveform timing diagram showing the relationship of air signals with respect to time within the body of the sensor, at the outlet of the dinit sensor, at the outlet of the pressure comparator, and at the outlet of the output relay. 1... Genit sensor, 3... Supply pipe, 4... Receiving pipe, 5... Channel for gas to be analyzed, 6... ...Reference gas channel, 7, 32...Switcher, 10...
・Pulser, 12... Pressure comparator, 14, 36,
37...Reference pressure setting device, 18...Delay unit, 20...Output relay, 22, 29
, 41... Switch, 24... Operation controller, 25... Pressure adder, 30...
Integrator, 38... Voltage divider.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The supply tube of the jet sensor communicates with the reference gas channel and the gas channel to be analyzed via a first switch, the control input of the first switch is connected to the outlet of the pulser, and the pulser is in an operating mode. The receiver tube of the jet sensor communicates with one inlet of the pressure comparator, the other inlet of the pressure comparator is connected to a reference pressure setter, and the outlet of the pressure comparator communicates with a second pressure comparator. connected to the output relay via a switch, the outlet of the second switch being connected to the control inlet of the pulsar via the first switch;
The outlet of the pulsar is connected via a delay unit to a control inlet of a second switch and to a motion controller, the motion controller having a pressure adder, one inlet of the pressure adder. communicates with the reference pressure setter through a cascaded second switch, an integrator, and a third switch, a second inlet of the pressure adder communicates with the jet sensor, and a third inlet of the pressure adder communicates with the jet sensor. communicates with a central point A of the voltage divider, which central point A communicates with the atmosphere via a third switch, an inlet of the pressure divider communicates with one of the reference pressure setters, and an outlet thereof communicates with the atmosphere; The outlet of the pressure adder is connected through an amplifier to an ejector for discharging air within the jet sensor;
the control inlet of the switch, the control inlet of the third switch, and the control inlet of the third switch are connected to an outlet of the pulsar; Air detector.