JPS5924771B2 - Kirei Danbo Sochi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an absorption air-conditioning system that can be switched between a cooling cycle and a heating cycle using an absorption refrigerator that performs an absorption refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant liquid and an absorbent (hereinafter referred to as a solution). It is related to.

Generally, in order to obtain hot water for hot water supply or reheating using an absorption refrigerator, a hot water heat exchanger is installed in the absorption refrigerator, and the refrigerant vapor generated by the generator is put into the hot water heat exchanger and the refrigerant is condensed. It is common practice to return hot and cold water to the generator or condenser and take out hot and cold water at the same time.

However, with this conventional method, if the condensed refrigerant is returned to the generator, it has no effect on the refrigeration cycle, and if it is returned to the condenser, although it is effective in the refrigeration cycle, the temperature of the condensed refrigerant is Due to the high temperature, if left as is, the condensation load would be high (and the required fuel would also be large).

Moreover, the heat medium supplied to the generator (in many cases, after being used in the generator, it is often thrown away as is, especially when using a direct-fired bottle, the exhaust gas etc. after being used as a heat medium is thrown away as is, which reduces thermal efficiency. This does not satisfy the request for energy saving as there is a lot of waste and the fuel consumption is uneconomical (there are still problems, and it is possible to directly heat the solution with exhaust gas, but If the solution stagnates in the cycle, it will overheat abnormally and it will be necessary to switch the exhaust gas flow, which will complicate the configuration and complicate maintenance and safety.In addition, during heating, the solution unrelated to the heating cycle will be heated. So I don't like it.

In addition, if heat is recovered from exhaust gas using hot water alone, if there is no hot water load, the hot water temperature will rise to about the exhaust gas temperature, so the internal pressure of the exhaust gas boiler will exceed atmospheric pressure, and the hot water temperature will rise to 100°C.
It was dangerous and posed a driving problem.

The present invention, Qi, attempts to eliminate these conventional drawbacks by generating steam using the exhaust heat emitted from the generator, and the generated steam is sent to the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger and the solution in the refrigeration cycle, that is, to the generator. This absorption system significantly improves the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle by preheating the solution and enables accurate heat recovery, while also reducing the amount of heat discarded in the condenser, making it easy to save fuel and enable economical operation. It is intended to be used as a heating and cooling device.

In addition, the present invention effectively recovers the energy of waste heat from the generator during the heating and cooling cycle, making it possible to save the amount of fuel and heating required for heating and cooling, and use direct flame, steam, or high-temperature water. It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorption cooling/heating device that can easily and accurately produce cold water and hot water with a simple configuration when used as a refrigerator, and can also exhibit good followability to fluctuations in hot and cold water loads. is also one of the objectives.

Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to significantly improve the efficiency of direct-fired absorption type air-conditioning equipment that uses combustion heat of gas, kerosene, heavy oil, etc. as a heat source, and to prevent the crystallization phenomenon from occurring during the operating cycle without abnormally overheating the solution. A device of a type that is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and inexpensive as a device that can be operated safely even without the need for cooling, and can perform a heating cycle even when using an existing cooling-only absorption refrigeration device. There is also a thing to do.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant circuit leading to an absorber, a solution heat exchanger, a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, a hot water heat exchanger connected to the generator in this refrigerant circuit, and an absorber. In an absorption refrigeration apparatus that performs a refrigeration cycle and includes a solution heat exchanger, a generator, a solution heat exchanger, and an absorbent circulation path leading to the absorber, a dilute solution from the solution heat exchanger to the generator; It is characterized by having a mechanism for simultaneously heating both the hot water passing through the hot water heat exchanger and the steam generated by the waste heat medium used in the generator. In order to recover energy during the heating and cooling cycle, steam is generated from the exhaust gas from the generator, and this steam can be used to heat solutions, hot water, etc. for operation.

Although the present invention can be implemented in any type of absorption type cooling/heating system such as single effect or double effect, an example using a double effect absorption refrigerator will be explained with reference to FIG. Refrigerant circulation to the container 1, solution pump 2, low temperature heat exchanger 3, high temperature heat exchanger 4, high temperature generator 5, high temperature heat exchanger 4, low temperature generator 6, condenser 7, evaporator 8 and absorber 1 A pipe 53 is connected to the high temperature generator 5 through this refrigerant circulation path.
A hot water heat exchanger 51 arranged in series at 54 degrees, absorber 1, low temperature heat exchanger 3, high temperature heat exchanger 4, high temperature generator 5, high temperature heat exchanger 4, low temperature generator 6, low temperature heat The heating medium used in the high temperature generator 5, such as exhaust gas of combustion gas, is passed through an absorption refrigerator that is equipped with an exchanger 3 and an absorbent circulation path leading to the absorber 1 and performs a refrigeration cycle, and the exhaust heat is used to generate steam. The boiler 52 connects the hot water heat exchanger 51 to the piping 55.
, 56 as a circulation system, and a solution heat exchanger 34 is provided in a circulation path 57 and 58 that heats hot water with the steam and circulates the steam generated in the boiler 52. A vessel 34 is arranged between the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 4, and is configured to also preheat the dilute solution from the absorber 1 to the generator 5.

In this case, in a normal double effect, the solution temperature in the high temperature generator 5 is about 150°C, and the exhaust gas temperature leaving the high temperature generator 5 is about 250°C, so with this exhaust gas of about 250°C, 9
Generates (refrigerant) steam at around 0°C and reduces exhaust gas to around 15°C.
It can be used down to about 0°C.

That is, the boiler 52 is fired with the exhaust gas discharged from the high temperature generator 5, and the steam generated from the boiler 52 is used to simultaneously heat hot water and a dilute solution.

As the fluid in the exhaust gas boiler 52, it is preferable to use a refrigerant or a solution of a water cooler/heater cycle, but other heat mediums can also be used.

The high temperature generator 5 is constructed as a combustion furnace and smoke tube type high temperature generator 5.

That is, the heat transfer tube provided in the generator 5 is communicated via a smoke chamber with a combustion furnace cylinder 59 that becomes a combustion chamber, and is connected to a fuel supply pipe 60 for combustion gas, kerosene, heavy oil, etc. to this combustion furnace cylinder 59. A burner 61 is provided, and the boiler 52 is disposed so as to be connected to the exhaust gas path 62 of the combustion furnace cylinder 59 of the high temperature generator 5, and the heat of the exhaust gas flowing into the heat exchanger tube 63 of the boiler 52 is The solution or water in the boiler 52 is heated to generate steam, and this steam is passed through the hot water heat exchanger 51 and the solution heat exchanger 34. Thus, the hot water in the hot water pipe 51' of the hot water heat exchanger 51 is heated. and is used to preheat the dilute solution sent from the absorber 1 to the high temperature generator 5.

The absorber 1 is provided with a cooling water tube 11, which is connected to a high temperature generator 5 and a low temperature generator via a low temperature heat exchanger 3 and a high temperature heat exchanger 4 through a pipe 12 having a solution pump 2 and a return pipe 13°13'. I have contacted 6.

This high-temperature generator 5 is connected to a low-temperature generator 6 via a high-temperature heat exchanger 4 through pipes 14 and 15, and the low-temperature generator 6 has a generator tube 16 through which the heat medium from the high-temperature generator 5 passes. A condenser I having a condenser tube 17 is arranged in the can body in a state of communication, and the condenser 7 and the evaporator 8 are connected by a pipe 9.

The evaporator 8 is formed in the same can body as the absorber 1, and has a cold water tube 18 and a refrigerant circulation path 1 with a refrigerant pump 20.
9, and the low temperature generator 6 is connected to the absorber 1 via the low temperature heat exchanger 3 via return pipes 13 and 13'.

In this case, the refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator 8 is absorbed into the solution in the absorber 1, and the solution is sent by the solution pump 2 to the high temperature generator 5 via the low temperature heat exchanger 3 and high temperature heat exchanger 4 for the solution, Here, the solution is heated by the combustion furnace tube 59 and releases refrigerant vapor, and the solution is concentrated and enters the high-temperature heat exchanger 4 through the pipe 14, where it exchanges heat with the solution from the absorber 1 and passes through the pipe 15 into the low-temperature generator 6. The refrigerant vapor generated by the low temperature generator 6 enters the condenser 7, where it is cooled by the cooling water of the tube 17 and condensed.

Furthermore, the refrigerant vapor generated in the high temperature generator 5 enters the tube 16 of the low temperature generator 6 through a pipe 21, condenses through heat exchange with the solution in the low temperature generator 6, and passes through the pipe 22 with a refrigerant trap to the condenser 7. enter.

On the other hand, the solution accumulated in the low-temperature generator 6 enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 through the return pipe 13, the temperature decreases due to heat exchange with the solution in the absorber 1, and returns to the absorber 1 through the pipe 13'. The refrigerant accumulated in the condenser 7 returns to the evaporator 8 via a return pipe 9 and repeats the double-effect refrigeration cycle.

In the specific example shown in FIG. 2, the high temperature generator 5 and the exhaust gas boiler 52 incorporated as a steam generator are integrated, and the generated (refrigerant) steam can be used to heat both the dilute solution and the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger 51. They should be heated at the same time.

In this case, the condensed drain flows down to the exhaust gas boiler 52.
Return to

In addition, when the heating cycle is set, steam that does not undergo heat exchange unless the solution passes through the solution heat exchanger 34 enters the hot water heat exchanger 51, where it is utilized and condensed.

In addition, when preheating the hot water and dilute solution with the steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler 52, in the previous example, the dilute solution discharged from the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 was preheated, but the preheating location was set at an effective location on the path of the dilute solution. In some cases, the solution in the low-temperature generator 6 and/or the absorber 1 can be heated to recover heat, and heat can be recovered at any part of the cycle to achieve highly efficient operation. It can be used as an air-conditioning device.

In the figure, 23 is a fuel control valve, 24 is a controller, and 25 is an overflow pipe that connects the low temperature generator 6 and the absorber 1.

26 is a thermostat, 2T is a cold water temperature detector, which is connected to the fuel control valve 2 in the fuel supply pipe 60 via the controller 24.
It is designed to control 3.

28 is a level switch, 29 is a refrigerant return pipe, 30 is a refrigerant return valve, and 31, 32 and 33 are switching valves.

Note that the piping 55 and/or 57 for supplying the steam generated in the boiler 52 may also be provided with a switching valve or a three-way valve for manual or automatic adjustment.

In the cold water and hot water production cycle, refrigerant vapor heated and separated in the high temperature generator 5 is led to the low temperature generator 6 via the pipe 21 and to the hot water heat exchanger 51 via the pipe 53.

The steam thus introduced heats the hot water and solution to produce cold water and hot water, while the steam generated in the exhaust gas spoiler 52 is transferred to the hot water heat exchanger 51 via piping 55 and to the solution heat via piping 57. The steam from the exhaust gas boiler circulated through the exchanger 34 heats both the dilute solution going to the low-temperature heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 4 and the hot water in the hot water pipe 51' passing through the hot water heat exchanger 51 at the same time. ing.

On the other hand, when the valves 31, 32, and 33 in the pipes 12, 14, and 21 are closed and the refrigerator body is disconnected, the cycle becomes a heating-only cycle.

At this time, the steam from the exhaust gas boiler 52 also flows to the solution heat exchanger 34 (but the solution is not abnormally overheated).

In any case, the absorption solution sent from the absorber 1 to the generator 5 is preheated without being directly heated with the exhaust gas, and is also used to heat the hot water in the hot water heat exchanger 51 to ensure proper heat recovery. This makes it easy to save fuel.

The present invention makes it possible to ensure the preheating of the absorption solution circulated in the refrigeration cycle, and to save the amount of fuel and heating necessary for producing cold water and hot water, using direct flame, steam, or high-temperature water. Even when using a refrigerator, it is possible to effectively produce cold water and hot water with a simple configuration, and it is also suitable for fluctuations in hot and cold water loads, which would result in an imbalance between the hot water load and the exhaust gas calorific value. It can demonstrate followability and efficiently recover heat, helping to save energy and allowing for extremely economical operation, unlike those that directly heat the solution with exhaust gas and cause abnormal heating when the solution stagnates. There is no need to change the exhaust gas route, and there is no need to heat solutions unrelated to the heating cycle, ensuring highly safe operation, providing highly efficient heating and cooling functions, and effectively and rationally utilizing the amount of heat that would otherwise have to be disposed of. In addition, when heating both hot water and a dilute solution, when the water cooler/heater is running and there is exhaust gas, the dilute solution is also passing through, so there is no load on the fluid to be heated. Even if the hot water load is zero, heat can be removed on the dilute solution side, so there will be no excessive rise in hot water temperature or abnormal rise in the exhaust gas boiler, and it has beneficial features such as extremely stable operation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, with FIG. 1 being a system explanatory diagram and FIG. 2 being a system explanatory diagram of another embodiment. 1... Absorber, 2... Solution pump, 3... Low temperature heat exchanger, 4... High temperature heat exchanger, 5... High temperature generator,
6... Low temperature generator, 7... Condenser, 8... Evaporator, 9... Piping, 11... Cooling water tube, 12...
・Piping, 13, 13'...Return piping, 14.15・
... Piping, 16... Generator tube, 17... Condenser tube, 18... Cold water tube, 19-... Refrigerant circulation path, 20... Refrigerant pump, 21.22... Piping, 23... Fuel control valve, 24... Controller, 2
5... Overflow pipe, 26... Thermostat, 27... Chilled water temperature detector, 28... Level switch, 29... Refrigerant return pipe, 30... Refrigerant return valve, 3
1, 32.33...Switching valve, 34...Solution heat exchanger, 51...Hot water heat exchanger, 51/...Hot water pipe, 52...
... Boiler, 53, 54, 55, 56 ... Piping, 57
．． 58...Circulation path, 59...Combustion furnace tube, 60...
Fuel supply pipe, 61...Burner, 62...Exhaust gas path, 63...Heat transfer tube.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A refrigerant circuit leading to an absorber, a solution heat exchanger, a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber, a hot water heat exchanger connected to the generator in this refrigerant circuit, and an absorber, In an absorption refrigeration system that performs a refrigeration cycle and is equipped with a solution heat exchanger, a generator, a solution heat exchanger, and an absorbent circulation path leading to an absorber, a dilute solution from the solution heat exchanger to the generator and a hot water heat An absorption type air-conditioning/heating system equipped with a mechanism for simultaneously heating both the hot water passing through the exchanger and the steam generated by the waste heat medium used in the generator.