JPS5925758B2 - Hatsukoshi Yoripi Toikubiyoumatsuto - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing a seedling growing mat whose main material is decomposed sphagnum beet.

More specifically, when water beets were used directly in seedling beds, there were many problems that could not be solved as will be described later. The fertilizer solution is absorbed into the cells of the beet tissue and dried to improve fertilizer retention, and bentonite, mudstone, silica stone, and a binder are mixed together to make beets and beets. It fills the gaps and adheres to increase the specific gravity, and at the same time increases the buffering force of the seedling bed, preventing floating seedlings that occur during mechanical transplantation of rice, and preventing various mechanical disorders and diseases that occur during seedling raising. This is a method of manufacturing a seedling-raising mat that prevents this problem and enables healthy seedling-raising.

More specifically, in the method of the present invention, sphagnum beets are decomposed by microorganisms, and when dried, the pores of the beets open, and the attached Fig. As shown in the schematic explanatory diagram of the cross section in the later state, the inner diameter of the pores was about 0.0311tTIL, but it was expanded by about 10 times by drying to about 0.3tTIL.
It becomes mm.

The beets with enlarged pores are treated with nonionic surfactant 5
The specimens are immersed for 24 hours in a nonionic surfactant-mixed fertilizer solution in which nitrogen fertilizer, potassium phosphate, manganese, magnesium, borate, etc., are mixed in an aqueous solution.

In this way, the fertilizer solution penetrates into the softened and enlarged pores, and about 30% of it is retained.

This is taken out and dried to obtain the main mat material, to which bentonite, mudstone, silica stone and a binder are mixed, the gaps between the beets are filled and bonded, and the material is compressed into a plate shape to obtain a seedling growing mat.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 represents the outer skin, 2 represents the inner skin, 3 represents the cellulose layer, 4 represents the nuclear membrane, and 5 represents the pores. In FIG. 2, 6 represents the liquid fertilizer.

Most paddy rice seedlings in Japan have been raised using the conventional seedling raising method and transplanted by hand, but recently, mechanical transplantation has been rapidly developed, and seedling raising methods have changed to accommodate this machine.

A wide variety of seedling-raising methods have been researched and proposed, but most of the methods currently in use are box-raised seedlings, in which excavated soil is used as a bed for raising seedlings.

However, this seedling raising method requires a lot of labor and time to collect the bed soil, and in addition, when mixed with fertilizer,
It is difficult to mix uniformly, and since dilute sulfuric acid is used to adjust the pH of the bed soil and sulfur is used to disinfect, there is a risk of damaging the seeds and seedlings if used incorrectly.

Furthermore, various obstacles frequently occur during the seedling raising process, causing many problems.

Therefore, in place of the conventional seedling bed mentioned above, I tried using a dry mat of water beet as a seedling bed.

This nursery bed required only the laying of mats instead of the labor of putting soil into seedling boxes and collecting excavated material, resulting in great labor savings and easy work, which was very advantageous.

However, when beets were immersed in liquid fertilizer to prepare dried beet plate mats and tested, some results were obtained, but the fertilizer was often washed away and the growth of seedlings was poor.

In addition, when testing the water absorption and fat absorption properties of the mat, it was found that it takes time to absorb water and fertilizer (liquid fertilizer), and depending on the concentration, liquid fertilizer is hardly absorbed and is only attached to the surface, and most of the fertilizer is washed away. There were many shortcomings such as

That is, there were the following drawbacks.

(1) Even if water is sprinkled, the water absorption rate is very low, resulting in poor work efficiency.

(2) Since the oil absorbency is low, it will be washed away if only mixed.

There is no so-called fertilizer retention property. (3) There are many gaps between beats,
Because they are coarse, the surface that comes into contact with the seeds is small, making them easy to dry and delaying germination.

(4) Seedling growth is delayed, leaves have poor color, and stems are thin.

(5) Fewer roots are formed, and fewer hair roots are generated.

(6) Damping-off and yellowing diseases occur frequently.

(7) White mold grows on the floor, lowering the floor temperature.

(8) Drying mats are non-adhesive, brittle, and easily crumble, so they are easily bent or thrown away when placed in seedling boxes.

(9) Since the specific gravity is low, floating seedlings will occur after rice planting.

In order to solve these problems, we conducted various studies on softening the beet tissue in order to improve its water and fat absorption properties, and finally, we developed a mixture of microorganisms (Thomas bacterium and Cohuna bacterium) that have fibrinolytic activity (hereinafter simply referred to as By fermenting beets with ``fermentation bacteria'' (referred to as ``fermentation bacteria''), they succeeded in softening their tissues, thereby improving their water and fat absorption properties, and completed the present invention. .

The Thomas fungus is a mixture of fungi and molds, such as those listed below.

Like the Thomas fungus mentioned above, the Kofna fungus is a mixture of anaerobic and low-temperature degrading bacteria, and they were able to successfully use this to decompose and soften beets.

The beets that had been decomposed and dried extremely quickly absorbed an amount of water approximately equal to their weight, and the absorption rate and amount of liquid fertilizer were almost the same as those for water.

When we dried the decomposed treated beets and examined the structure of the beets, we found that the fertilizer was absorbed into the beet cells.
It was observed that it was contained in the form of crystals.

When the beets that had been dried and absorbed fertilizer in this way were washed with water, the fertilizer attached to the outside of the beets was washed away, or washed away, but the fertilizer inside the cells was not washed away.

The method of making the seedling growing mat of the present invention will be explained below.

Grind or cut sphagnum beets into appropriate sizes, add moisture, maintain at approximately 30℃, and mix uniformly with microorganisms that have a fibrillolytic effect, rice bran, ammonia, and other ingredients. Attach it, block sunlight, and let the sphagnum beets decompose in the dark.

It gradually generates heat at low temperatures and decomposes in about 50 hours.

Spray with iron acetate to stop decomposition and dry.

This decomposed and dried beet absorbs liquid fertilizer,
A total of 4 to 30% of a sticky substance such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. and river sand, field soil, bentonite, mudstone, silica stone, etc. are mixed and compression molded into a plate shape.
Dry and make seedling mats.

The above mats may be made one by one to the desired size, but
It is also possible to make a long mat sheet and cut it according to the specifications of the seedling box.

However, this mat swells to about 2 to 3 times its size when it absorbs water, so make it smaller in advance and use it in a seedling box (standard specification: 30cIrLX60Crr).
LX3cIrL), sprinkle with water to swell, and sow seeds.

Seedlings grown on this mat are suitable for mechanical transplantation, and the following effects can be obtained by using this mat.

(1) It is easy to work because the mat does not collapse.

(2) It is lighter than mountain soil or ordinary field soil and saves labor.

(3) When raising seedlings in mountain soil or on beds, it takes a lot of time and effort to mix fertilizer uniformly, but with this mat, fertilizer can be applied easily and uniformly.

(4) Since the pH of natural beets itself is 3.0 to 4.5, there is almost no need to adjust the pH.

However, adjustments can be made very easily and reliably.

(5) The mats are made according to the specifications of the seedling box, so when using them, simply place the mats in the box and sprinkle with water to sow seeds.

(6) The gap between the beets is bentonite,
Since it is filled with mudstone and silica, there is good contact between the seeds and the mat, resulting in good germination, rooting, and growth.

(Power: There is no occurrence of yellow wilt or damping-off disease, and the growth of white mold can be prevented.

(8) During rice planting, there were no floating seedlings, and the survival rate was almost 1.
00%, indicating good growth, fast growth, and healthy seedlings.

(9) Since the roots of the seedlings are transplanted into rice while being protected by the mat, they are not mechanically damaged and are less affected by temperature.

The above description has mainly focused on the case where the decomposed mat according to the method of the present invention is used as a bed for growing rice seedlings, but it is also useful as a bed for cultivating rice plants in a greenhouse.

However, in that case, the pH when watering the mat is 6.5 to 7.
．． You need to adjust it so that it is 8.

Example: 1000k of sphagnum beets crushed to about 3mm x 5mm
While spraying 50 kg of hot water on the
Place in a greenhouse at ℃, 1 kg of Thomas fungus (I), and 10 g of rice bran.
A mixture of 9 kg, 100 g of ammonia, 50 g of water, and 50 g of water was uniformly mixed and deposited, and the mixture was decomposed in a dark room blocked from sunlight.

Decomposition was stopped by spraying a 0.7% iron acetate solution for about 50 hours, and then air-dried.

Separately, for 1000 kg of beets, add fertilizer Ammonia nitrogen 10.0 kp Soluble phosphoric acid 15.0 Water-soluble potassium salt 13.0 Humic acid 25.0 Water 100.0 300 times solution 1001 CB > Fertilizer Water soluble Nitrogen 6.0k
g Phosphoric acid 3.0 Potassium 3.0 Magnesium 2.0 Boron 0.5 Manganese 0.2 Iron o, 07 Zinc 0.03 Molybdenum o, 02 Add water 100.0 Above A 300 times solution of 1001 was prepared and mixed.

The decomposed P4 material obtained as described above is gradually dropped into a tank containing the mixed fertilizer solution prepared above and immersed therein.

After soaking for 30 minutes, drain the liquid from the tank.

After being lightly compressed, it is taken out from the tank, placed in a dipping tank containing a 3% polyvinyl alcohol solution, soaked for 2 minutes, taken out, stirred and placed in a mixing tank.

In the mixing tank, 50 kg of bentonite, 40 kg of silica,
Add 40kg of mudstone little by little and stir well.

Stir for about 1 hour, then take out, put in a drying room, and stir while drying with hot air at 40°C.

When the moisture content reaches approximately 40%, it is taken out, compressed using a pressure plate of standard size that has an upper hot plate and a lower plate steam outlet, taken out, and dried with hot air for a while to form a dry plate with a moisture content of approximately 25%. 28crrL x 58CrrL x Thickness 1ow
n (weight 300'iI), 3500 sheets were obtained.

Place this in a seedling box and water it.

(The mat is sized to match the size of the seedling box when it swells.

) Seedlings can be easily raised by simply sprinkling water and sowing seeds on a swollen mat.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figure is a schematic explanatory diagram of a cross section showing the state of beets before drying, and FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a cross section showing the state of beets after drying. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 represents the outer skin, 2 represents the inner skin, 3 represents the cellulose layer, 4 represents the nuclear membrane, and 5 represents the pores. In FIG. 2, 6 represents the liquid fertilizer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Water beets are decomposed with a mixed microorganism that has a fibrinolytic action, iron acetate is added, dried, immersed in a fertilizer aqueous solution consisting of nitrogen fertilizer and inorganic salts, and dried. , mudstone, silica stone, and a binder are mixed and compressed into a plate shape.