JPS5927283B2 - Existing wheel shaving machine - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to a machine that stops the wheels of a railway vehicle in its original condition, that is, in its operating configuration without removing the wheels from the vehicle.The purpose of this invention is to have a simple structure, low cost, and easy installation. ,
Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a standing wheel control device that has a simple installation foundation.

This machine is installed in a pit, and the vehicle's entry/exit rail and retraction rail are attached to the top surface of the pit, and the loops and roundness of the wheels of vehicles transferred to the top surface of the machine are corrected by restraint. It is something to do. The principle of wheel control using this machine is shown in Figure 1. A wheel 1 to be stopped in FIG. 1 is supported by two support rollers, namely a drive roller 2 mounted on a fixed frame of the machine and a freely rotating support roller 3, and is rotationally driven by the drive roller 2 in the direction of arrow a. It rotates slowly.

The support roller 3 rotates as the wheel 1 rotates. On the other hand, the full-form milling cutter 4 has a cutting tool in which each blade has the same ring shape as the ring of the wheel 1, and rotates in the opposite direction of the wheel 1 in the forward direction and stops the wheel. wheel 1
The circumferential speed is 100-250 feet. A turnip, full-form milling cutter 4
rotates at approximately 120 μm. The problem here is that the diameter of the braked part of the wheel 1 is smaller than that of the unbraked part as shown in Figure 2a, and when the wheel is driven in the direction a and stopped, the initial brake part is stepped. If the brake wheel reaches the support roller 3, the brake wheel will be affected by its axle load downward, so the brake wheel will not be stable unless it is still in contact with the support roller 3, and the brake wheel will not be able to stabilize. Move to make contact with 3. In the wheel 1, the center P of the wheel moves diagonally downward to P' as shown by the chain line in FIG. 2b before and after the braking section passes the support roller 3. In other words, the wheel and the wheel center move to the left on an arc of radius R centered on the axis Q of the drive roller 2, and when the stepped portion passes through the drive roller 2, as shown in Fig. 2c. As shown, the center P of the wheel moves diagonally to the lower right P'' on an arc of radius R' centering on the axis S of the support roller 3. Therefore, if this continues, the wheel center and the general milling cutter Since the relative positions of the wheels change, it is not possible to stop perfectly round wheels.To solve this problem, a mechanical method called a floating frame method has conventionally been adopted.

Specifically, examples include Japanese Patent Publication No. 32-147 ``Transfer Device for Machine Tools'' and Japanese Patent Publication No. 32-1187 ``Universal Suspension Device for Machine Tools'', and the outline of their structure is as follows.

The general milling cutter that cuts the outer circumference of the wheel and the center that fits into the center hole at both ends of the axle with the left and right wheels and grips it are built into the floating frame, and the entire floating frame is attached to one suspension screw shaft of the universal suspension device. It is suspended from a fixed part so that it can rotate freely around it. The suspension point of the head of the suspension screw shaft, that is, the suspension center, is made swingable and slidable in the longitudinal direction of the axle. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the auxiliary roller 32 and the driving roller 2 are mounted on a fixed frame 6 separate from the floating frame 5, which is rotatably suspended by a suspension screw shaft 8 having an elevating screw 9. Therefore, these rollers 2,
The center position of 32 is constant. The actuator 1 is mounted on the cutting wheel 1, the general milling cutter 4, the auxiliary roller 32, the driving roller 2, and the floating frame receiver 10 via the roller 11.
The positional relationship of each center of the floating frame suspension portion 7, which is made of a pin that is slidably inserted in the axial direction of the suspension fork 13 provided so as to be reciprocally slidable in the axial direction, is as shown in the figure.

Figure 4 shows the principle of this system.

As can be seen from the figure, the center P of the cutting wheel 1 moves diagonally downward to P4 (by y in the vertical direction) as it passes through the cutting part, and the suspension center of the floating frame moves from X1 to Although the floating frame is tilted, the relative positional relationship between the centers of the cutter and the cutting wheel does not change, so perfect round cutting can be performed. However, in this method, the floating frame and center require high rigidity, which increases the weight, and the equipment for suspending the frame is also large-scale, resulting in high manufacturing costs.

Furthermore, when machines manufactured in a factory are installed on-site, they must be disassembled, transported, and reassembled on-site, which increases costs. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the conventional milling cutter, and receives a signal from a wheel position detection device installed in the milling head to move the general milling cutter vertically by the same distance as the center movement distance of the milling wheel. By controlling the cutting wheel to move so as to keep the distance between the centers of the cutting wheel and the general milling cutter constant during cutting, the cutting wheel can be machined into a perfect circle.
The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

5, 6, and 7 are an external view, a plan view, and a side view of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control system for a wheel position detection device and a milling head lifting device. In this embodiment, the front fixed rail 15 is a rail for transferring a vehicle onto a machine in a pit, and has a gauge W and is connected to a vehicle lead-in line.

The rear fixed rail 16 is a rail for rolling the vehicle out of the machine. The retraction rail 17 is a rail that bridges the front fixed rail 15 and the rear fixed rail 16 when a vehicle is transferred in or out. It moves until the tip comes into contact with the fixed rail 15. When the vehicle is transferred in this state, the vehicle 21 is moved to the cylinder 43 by drive rollers 22 and 23 which also serve as a pair of support rollers.
lifted through. When the vehicle is moved to the approximate center of the machine, the position of the drive roller is finely adjusted by the cylinder, and then the wheels are lifted and the retractable rail 17, which is now free, is in the state shown in Figure 6. Move to. Thereafter, the milling head 30, which has a horizontal reference surface 30a on the top, is fixed to a leveling block (not shown) at the bottom of the pit and fixed to the fixed frame 31.
The milling head is guided by milling head guides 32 provided oppositely at the middle portions of the left and right outer side walls of the milling head, and is moved up and down by a milling head lifting device 33. The milling head 30 is equipped with a general milling cutter 24 and its milling cutter drive 36. The milling cutter drive device 36 includes an electric motor 34 for driving the general milling cutter 24, a belt 37 housed in a belt cover 35, and a belt wheel 38.
a, 38b. The milling head lifting device 33 is composed of a worm gear device 53 and a ball screw 54, as seen in FIG. The worm gear 53 is self-locking and will not be lowered by the supporting load of the milling head 30. The milling head 30 is controlled so that the wheel is stopped at a position suitable for cutting with the general milling cutter 24. When the wheels 21 supported by drive rollers 22 and 23 are lowered through the cylinder to approach the general milling cutter 24 that is stopped at a fixed position, the wheel 21 is moved down before it comes into contact with the general milling cutter. The lowering is stopped, the back gauge of the wheel is measured, and the overall milling cutter is aligned in the left-right direction using known means so that the overall milling cutter 24 is at a position corresponding to the back gauge.

After the left-right alignment is completed, the general milling cutter 24 is clamped by operating a normal clamp lever so that the general milling cutter does not move. Here, the milling wheel 21 and the profile milling cutter 24 are driven by respective drives 39 and 36 so as to rotate in opposite directions. After confirming that the cutting wheel and the general milling cutter are rotating, one drive roller 23 is slowly lowered to start cutting.

After making the appropriate amount of cut by visual inspection during manual operation, automatic operation begins. Of course, the wheel position detecting device, for example the center displacement detector 40, detects the reference surface 30a of the top surface of the milling head 30 when the milling head 30 stops at a fixed position.
It is set so that the distance between the center of the axle 20 and the center of the axle can be measured. The drive rollers 22 and 23 that drive the wheels are driven by rotating their respective shafts 41 via a gear train 42 by a drive device 39, and by holding the bearings 44 in a freely movable manner by an actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder 43, the drive rollers are driven by the wheels. It is designed so that it can be pressed into contact with the

A displacement detector 40 is provided between the shaft end of the axle 20 and the reference surface 30a at the top of the milling head 30 in order to detect a change in the distance between the center of the wheel 21 and the center of the general milling cutter 24. When the relative distance between the wheel center and the milling head changes during milling, it generates an electrical output proportional to the amount of displacement, and its characteristics are shown in FIG.

According to this figure, the displacement detector 40 is 0.01? If a displacement of 1 mV occurs, an electrical output of 1 mV is generated. This displacement detector 40 can reset the electrical output to zero at any position, and the control reference point can be freely selected. In this embodiment, after the start of operation, cutting is performed manually, and the point where the planned cutting amount is reached is set as the control origin. That is, at this point, the output of the displacement detector 40 is set to zero and automatic control is started.
The displacement amplifier 50 of the control circuit amplifies the output of several meters generated from the displacement detector 40 to an output of several orders of magnitude.
It has a voltage gain of 0 dB, and its characteristics are as shown in FIG. Further, the servo amplifier 51 receives the output of the displacement amplifier 50 and further amplifies it to drive the DC servo motor 5 that drives the milling head lifting device 33.
2 is for obtaining an output capable of generating sufficient driving force, and has a gain of 40 dB, and its characteristics are as shown in FIG. This amplifier 51 is designed so that when the input voltage is 5 V or more, the output voltage is saturated and does not change so that an excessive voltage is not applied to the DC servo motor 52.

In addition, a dead zone is provided to prevent hunting near the control origin for practical purposes. On the other hand, the DC servo motor 52 is a permanent magnet type reversible DC motor, and the direction of rotation is reversed depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the armature.

The milling head elevating device 33, which is composed of the worm gear device 53 and the ball screw 54, receives power from the DC servo motor 52 and moves the milling head 30 in the vertical direction.

Since the worm gear device 53 is self-locked, the milling head 30 will not descend under its own weight even if the output of the DC servo motor 52 is lost. Actually, as shown in the figure, the output shaft of the DC servo motor 52 is not directly connected to the worm gear device 53, but is decelerated via a speed reduction mechanism such as a spur gear device between them. The total reduction ratio of this reduction mechanism and the worm gear device is 200. Also,
The pitch of the ball screw 54 is 10WI. In the milling head lifting device 33 constructed in this way, the 12th
As shown in the figure, the cutting part of the cutting wheel 21 begins to pass the drive roller 23, so that the center of the wheel, for example, becomes 0.
05? If the relative distance to the full-form milling cutter 24 is changed by a certain amount, the displacement detector 40 generates an electrical output relative to point a in FIG. 9, that is, an output of 5 mV. This is amplified by the displacement amplifier 50 to point b in FIG. 10, that is, to -5V. Furthermore, the servo amplifier 51
At point c in FIG. 1, the voltage is amplified to -200V and applied to the input end of the servo motor 52. In addition, the servo motor 52 has its input terminals d (g) and e (g) in FIG.
) When a polar voltage is applied, the milling head 30 rotates in the direction of the arrow f shown in the figure and raises the milling head 30. In addition, input terminal d
When a positive voltage is applied to (f) and (g) to e, the milling head 30 rotates in the direction of arrow g and lowers the milling head 30. In this example, a voltage of 200 (to) is applied to d and a voltage of 200 (4) is applied to e, so that the milling head 30 is lowered. As the wheel descends, the relative distance between the wheel center and the general milling cutter approaches the initial value, so the servo motor terminal voltage decreases continuously from 200V. Therefore, while the rotational speed decreases continuously, the relative distance between the wheel center and the general milling cutter returns to its initial value, and when it matches the initial value, the output of the displacement detector becomes zero and the servo motor stops. do. The number of revolutions of the servo motor during this period is the number of revolutions corresponding to a displacement of 0.05i of the milling head 30, that is, 1 revolution. In addition to automatically controlling the left and right general milling cutters in conjunction with each other, it is also possible to manually control left and right operations independently, left and right interlocking, and left and right interlocking synchronization.

As is clear from the description of the embodiments above,
According to the present invention, the grinding wheel is supported and driven by the drive roller, and the grinding wheel is ground while rotating, so that the grinding portion, which has been cut with a full-size 1 rice cutter and whose diameter has become smaller, passes through the drive roller. When milling, the center of the milling wheel also moves downward, but a milling head lifting device is provided that can control the position in the vertical direction so that the general milling cutter can be moved by the same distance as the center moving distance. Therefore, the center of the milling wheel and the general milling cutter can be kept constant during milling, and the milling wheel can be milled to a perfect circle. Furthermore, since the size and weight of the machine can be reduced and it can be made lighter, the space it occupies can be reduced compared to conventional machines, and the installation pit can be made smaller, thereby reducing foundation work costs, transportation costs, etc.

Furthermore, there is no need for temporary assembly, disassembly, and reassembly, only one operator is required, and maintenance and inspection are extremely easy, resulting in significant cost savings due to labor savings.

Furthermore, since the grinding wheel is rotated counterclockwise,
It has many excellent effects such as being able to visually inspect the cut portion from the operator's side.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a diagram of the principle of wheel grinding, Fig. 2a is an explanatory diagram showing the state before the ground part of the wheel passes the support roller, and Fig. 2b shows the state after the ground part of the wheel passes the support roller. An explanatory diagram showing
Fig. 2c is an explanatory diagram showing the state after the grinding part of the wheel passes the 1st drive roller, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the conventional floating frame system, Fig. 4 is a diagram of the principle of Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 , FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are an external view, a plan view, and a side view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control system for a wheel position detection device and a milling head lifting device, and FIG. Figures 10 and 11 are characteristic diagrams of the displacement detector, displacement amplifier, and servo amplifier, respectively.
It is an explanatory view showing a state before passing a drive roller. 15...Front fixed rail, 16...
Rear fixed rail, 17...Retractable rail, 18
, 43... Hydraulic cylinder, 20... Axle, 21... Wheel, 22, 23... Drive roller that also serves as a support roller, 24... ...Full milling cutter, 30...Milling head, 30
a...Reference surface, 31...Fixed frame, 32...Milling head guide, 33...
...Milling head lifting device, 34...Cutter drive electric motor, 35...Belt cover, 36
...Milling cutter drive device, 37...
・Belt, 38a, 38b...Belt wheel, 39
... Drive device for grinding wheels, 40 ... Displacement detection device, 41 ... Axis, 42 ... Gear train, 44 ... Bearing, 50... Displacement detector, 51... Servo amplifier, 52...
・DC servo motor, 53... Worm gear device, 54... Ball screw.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a continuous wheel milling machine of a type in which each wheel is supported by two support rollers and is rotationally driven, and is milled with a general milling cutter, the present invention is installed in a milling head. A wheel position detection device and a general shape milling device that moves the position of the general shape milling cutter in the vertical direction so that the distance between the centers of the milling wheel and the general shape milling cutter is always constant during milling in response to a signal from the wheel position detection device. A continuous wheel milling machine characterized by being equipped with a milling cutter elevation control device. 2. The existing wheel grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein only one of the support rollers is a driving roller.