JPS5927679B2 - Powder compression press equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement of a compression press of powder or granular material, for example, a compression press of sintered powder, or an apparatus for compression press performed during powder sintering.

Until now, only one-way pressure press equipment has been developed, making it difficult to sinter space materials, nuclear reactor materials, Electro-X materials, and other geothermally superior industrial materials, and to produce high-quality sintered products. There wasn't.

Metals, non-metals (such as graphite), ceramics, cermets, etc. are used as powder materials, and the present invention is to compression forge them. The present invention provides an isotropic compression press device that performs compression presses while controlling pressure, time, speed, etc.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment of the drawings.

Figures 1 and 2 explain the outline of the press apparatus of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a three-axis press with mutually perpendicular X, Y, and Z axes, and Figure 1 shows a three-axis press with X, Y, Z, X', Y'
.

The Z' 6-axis press is shown.

lx, 1y, Iz are pressurizing punches for each axis, and in the case of the 3-axis press shown in Fig. 2, punch 1x is applied from the 3-axis direction perpendicular to the right-angled member 2.
, 1y.

In the case of a 6-axis press shown in Figure 1 with 1z pressure applied, 6 of the right cube
Punch 1x, 1y, 1z, 1x' from the surface direction.

It is assembled to apply pressure at 1 y' and 1 z'.

Of course, pressurize the punches of lx, 1y, and 1z, and pressurize the other 1x'.

If pressing is performed with 1 y' and 1 z' fixed, 3-axis pressing can be performed with a 6-axis press device.

Each shaft punch is constructed as shown in FIG.

To explain the X-axis punch 1x now, 11x is the auxiliary punch and 12x is the main punch.

The auxiliary punch 11x is composed of a rectangular tube-like combination of plate-like members that are divided into dimensions corresponding to the compression allowance of the powder or granular material, for example, the compression allowance of the green size of the powder or granular material. Attached.

The main punch 12x is fitted and inserted into the auxiliary punch 11x, and assembled so that a relative pressure press can be performed.

As shown in the side view of FIG. 4, the main punch 12x is fixed to the pressure flange member 14x, and the auxiliary punch 11x is fixed to the member 14.
x is supported by a spring 15x.

It goes without saying that the punch shape is configured to have the press shape and dimensional accuracy that are intended for the finished product.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a 6-axis press device using the punch,
Pressing devices are provided for an X-axis, a Y-axis, an X'-axis, a Y'-axis, and a Z-axis and a Z'-axis in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper (not shown).

Each axis press device has 1x punch. 1y, 1x', 1y' and pressure cylinders 3x, 3y.

3x' and 3y', and the cylinders are controlled by an NC device 4.

The powder material 5 to be compressed and pressed is pre-formed powder that is placed in a green-sized mold in which the dimensions and shape of each part of the desired product are evenly enlarged, or green-sized powder packed in a combustible rubber bag or the like. Alternatively, it can be used as a molded powder obtained by kneading a resin adhesive and powder.

The compression press has cylinders 3 x 23 y 23 x'
, 3y' to pressurize the punches, the powder 5 inside is first transferred to the auxiliary punches 11x, 11y, 11x'.
.

It is pressurized by 11y'.

The cylinder is pressurized by members 14x, 14y, 14x't14
y', and the powder 5 is partially pressed by the auxiliary punch under the action of spring pressure.

In the illustrated state, green-sized powder 5 is compressed by the compression amount and each auxiliary punch 11x, 11y, 11x'
This shows a pressed state in which the tip portions of t11y' meet.

The pressurization by each of the auxiliary punches may be controlled in a time-division manner, but it is preferably performed simultaneously, and the press feed is controlled so that the auxiliary punches do not collide.

When the periphery of the green-sized powder 5 is pressed and the tips of each punch meet, the tips of each auxiliary punch are controlled to meet and stop in the middle, and the periphery is closed by the meeting of the auxiliary punches.

Which cylinder 3x, 3y, 3x', 3y
' is also centrally controlled by the NC device 4.

After the auxiliary punch pressurizes as shown in the figure, by continuing to pressurize the cylinder, the main punch 12x12y+1
Pressure is applied by 2x' and 12y'.

Even when applying pressure with this main punch, the auxiliary punch has a spring of 15x.
.

15yt15x't15y' continues to be pressurized, and as the spring is compressed, the pressure is increased more and more, and the meeting portion of the tip of the auxiliary punch is strongly closed to prevent the powder 5 from flowing out.

Pressure control by the main punch is controlled by the NC device 4 for each cylinder 3x, 3y, 3x', 3y', for example, x, x' axis→Y, Y' axis→Z.

The pressurizing direction is sequentially switched such as Z' axis → x, x' axis → Y, and Y' axis, and the pressurizing direction position is sequentially moved and controlled.

In order to accurately control the movement of the punch tip during each press that is sequentially switched, the amount of movement of the piston rond of the cylinder must be fed back to the NC device 4 by installing an eschorder or positioning scale on each axis and feeding it back to the NC device 4. If controlled, accurate compression presses can be performed.

Further, the NC device 4 controls the pressurizing force, pressurizing time, etc., and applies equal pressure.

Also, of course, the aforementioned opposing axes X (!: X', Y and Y', Z
Not limited to simultaneous pressurization of and Z', but also X, Y, and Z.

All six axes of X', Y', and Z' can be controlled in a time-divided manner, allowing dynamic compression pressing by controlling direction, position, pressure, time, speed, etc. from multiple axes. .

By performing pressure control in which the direction, position, etc. are sequentially moved in multiple directions, the powder 5 that is compressed and pressed is an isotropic compact, and the sintered compact is an imperfect one with inconsistent crystal orientation. It becomes a type crystal and a high quality sintered body is obtained.

When performing sintering, the powder 5 is heated during compression press, for example, by high frequency heating or induction heating. Due to the sequential change in direction, flow occurs in the powder 5 every time the pressure direction changes, and sintering occurs while stirring occurs, so gases, impurities, etc. that are decomposed and generated from the powder surface during heat treatment are easily removed. The powder is released and removed, and the electric current flowing between the powders also causes micro-discharges, heating, ion bombardment, surface purification and activation treatment, and the bonding state of the powders becomes extremely good, resulting in sintering. Body density improves and strength increases.

Further, the pressurization may be controlled so that the switching speed in the pressurizing direction is initially slow and the speed is increased depending on the progress of the press and the progress of sintering, or vice versa.

Further, switching of the pressurizing direction can be controlled in any order or irregularly by inputting a signal indicating the molding state or sintering state to the NC control device 4.

In addition, the pressurizing force can be changed and controlled by a preset signal or a compression state signal without being kept constant, and the pressurizing time can be changed and controlled.

And the above main punch 12xt12yt12x'.

When performing dynamic pressurization control using 12y', auxiliary punches 11x, 11y, 11x' are used.

The area around the powder 5 is closed by 11y',
The powder 5 surrounded by the auxiliary punch is pressurized from multiple axes by the main punch, and the pressure is applied evenly while causing powder flow, so any compression press of any material can be performed stably. It is easy to carry out, and isotropic, high-quality compacts and sintered bodies can be easily obtained by multidirectional pressing.

Since the auxiliary punch divides the compressed portion of the powder 5, the compression press of the main punch allows precision pressing into the desired size and shape with high accuracy, resulting in a highly accurate product.

Note that the auxiliary punch 11xt11yt11 of the above embodiment
In addition to controlling the blackening of x' and 11 y' by applying pressure from a cylinder through the elastic bodies of support springs 15x, 15y, 15x', and 15y', the auxiliary punch is also pressurized by a cylinder, etc. A device may be provided to control the pressure, and in addition to the cylinder, a pressure device that can easily control the feed amount by using a screw feed by a motor, a pulse motor, or a digital feed by a DC motor with an encoder may be used. It is possible to perform precision compression molding.

As explained above, according to the present invention, there is an auxiliary punch divided according to the compression allowance of the powder and granules, a main punch that fits into the auxiliary punch, and a pressure applied before and after the auxiliary punch and the main punch. A press device equipped with a pressurizing device capable of applying feed is installed on each of the granules in at least three or more multiaxial directions, presses the central granules from multiple axes, and presses the central granules with an auxiliary punch. Pressing is carried out by the main punch in a peripheral press that corresponds to the compression allowance of Since it is compressed under uniform pressure and molded to the required size, an isotropic compression molded body can be easily obtained.When powder sintering is performed, a homogeneous sintered body with no crystal orientation is obtained, which prevents internal distortion and cracks. A good sintered body with no deterioration in quality can be obtained, and a high precision molded body with the desired dimensions and shape can be obtained by press-forming with a predetermined compression allowance corresponding to the punch shape, and various high-quality industrial materials can be easily produced. There are benefits to be gained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view showing an outline of a six-axis press according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional view showing an outline of a three-axis press, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a punch of the present invention. Figure 4 is a side view;
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the press apparatus of the present invention. X, Y, Z, X', Y', Z' --- Orthogonal axis, I
x. 1 y, 1 z, 1 x', 1 y',
1 z"-・Punch, 11x, 11y...Auxiliary punch, 12x, 12y...Main punch, 15
x, 15y...Elastic spring, 3x, 3y...
...Pressure cylinder, 4...NC control device,
5...Powder material.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In an apparatus for compression molding by pressing powder or granular material from at least three or more multiaxial directions, a press device provided on each axis is configured to compress the powder or granular material in a manner corresponding to the compression width of the powder or granular material. A powder comprising a divided auxiliary punch, a main punch that fits into the auxiliary punch, and a pressure device that can apply pressurized feed back and forth to the auxiliary punch and the main punch. Compression press equipment. 2. In an apparatus for compression molding a small quantity of powder or granular material by pressing it from multiple axes (three or more axes), the press device provided on each axis includes auxiliary punches divided according to the compression width of the powder or granular material. , a main punch that fits into the auxiliary punch, and a pressurizing device capable of applying pressurized feed back and forth to the auxiliary punch and the main punch, the pressing direction by the press device of each axis, A powder compression press device characterized by being equipped with a control device that switches and controls the press position, press pressure, press time, or press speed singly or in combination. 3. The auxiliary punch and main punch of each axis press device. 4. A powder compression press device according to claim 1, characterized in that a separate pressure device is provided for each of the axial press devices. A powder compression press device according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure device is provided. 5. A separate pressure device is provided for the auxiliary punch and the main punch of each shaft press device. 6. A powder compression press device according to claim 2, characterized in that a pressurizing device is provided on each axis press device, directly on the main punch and on the auxiliary punch via an elastic body. A powder compression press apparatus according to claim 2.