JPS5928252B2 - Method for detecting coagulation state of blood, etc. - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for optically and electrically detecting the state of aggregation of blood or the like.

Among various medical tests, various reagents or serum etc. are mixed into the sample to check whether or not agglutination occurs in the sample, or to check the state of agglutination to determine various medical conditions, blood types, etc. Often judged.

Conventionally, this judgment work was performed with the naked eye, so there were individual differences in the judgment, and there was a high risk of erroneous judgments.
The present invention was invented with the object of providing a method that does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages and can accurately determine the presence or absence of aggregation.

Next, the principle of the present invention will be explained.

When a sample placed on a glass plate and reacted with a reagent is scanned with a beam of light with a small cross-sectional area and the amount of transmitted light is examined, (c) if the sample is in an aggregated state, the transmission of localized aggregates such as blood cells. The amount of light is small, and the amount of transmitted light in the background area other than the agglomerated area is large.

2) When the analyte is in a non-aggregated state, the amount of transmitted light is moderate throughout the reaction zone.

This characteristic appears.

Therefore, the respective ratios of the total area of the aggregation area, which is determined by a small amount of transmitted light, and the total area of the background area, which is determined by a large amount of transmitted light, to the sample reaction area are greater than a certain value. At this time, it can be determined that there is aggregation.

The present invention is constructed based on this principle.

That is, first, the amount of transmitted light is converted into an electrical signal, and the area is replaced with time. Next, the electrical signal is compared in magnitude with two standards Λ and B (A>B) to distinguish which state the specimen is in. When the electric signal is larger than one reference value A, it indicates a background part, when it is smaller than the other reference value B, it indicates an agglomerated part, and when it is between the two reference values A and B, it indicates a non-agglomerated part. Next, the total time when the electrical signal is larger than the reference value A and when it is smaller than the reference value B is respectively integrated, and when both integrated times exceed the respective reference times, it is determined that aggregation has occurred. The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, which show apparatus configured to carry out the invention.

Scanning of the specimen and photoelectric conversion are performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.

A reaction area 5 is created by placing a specimen on a transparent substrate 1 such as glass and injecting a reagent. The reaction area 5 is uniformly illuminated from below by light from the light source 2 that passes through the condenser lens 3. A real image of the light transmitted through a spot 6 with a minute area in the reaction area 5 is placed in a dark box 8 using the lens system 4. An image is formed on the photoconductive element 7. The dark box 8 is moved in parallel in a horizontal plane in the direction of an arrow 9 by a driving device (not shown), and the photoconductive element 7 scans the spot 6 as the image becomes brighter (that is, the amount of transmitted light increases). Therefore, the photoconductive element 7, the DC power source 10, and the fixed resistor 1 have a property of decreasing internal resistance.
1 forms a series closed circuit, the fixed resistor 1
The voltage across the terminal 1 is taken out as the first electric signal 12 according to the amount of transmitted light.0 When the amount of transmitted light increases, the photoconductive element 7
The electrical signal 12 becomes larger because the internal resistance of the electrical signal 12 becomes smaller. Next, the first electrical signal 12 becomes an input signal to two comparators 13 and 14 connected in parallel in the identification device shown in FIG. That is, the zero comparator 13 for distinguishing the background part in the agglomerated state is provided with a comparison reference value 15 consisting of a voltage corresponding to the reference value A, and a constant voltage pulse is generated during the time when the input signal is greater than the reference value 15. The pulse signal 16 that generates the signal 16 becomes an input signal to an integrator 17, and the time during which the pulse signal 16 is generated is successively integrated in the integrator 17 and is output as an integrated time signal 18.

This time integration is performed for the entire scanning time T until the entire reaction area 5 is scanned. The zero integration time signal 18 becomes an input signal to the comparator 19. The comparator 19 is provided with a comparison reference value 20 representing the time Ta (T>Ta) required to scan an area sufficient for the background portion in the agglomerated state, and the integrated time signal 18 When the voltage is exceeded, a second electrical signal 21 is generated.The other comparator 14 is
When the amount of transmitted light is smaller than the reference value B, that is, the agglomerated portion in the agglomerated state is distinguished.The comparator 14 is provided with a comparison reference value 22 corresponding to the reference value B, and when the electric signal 12 is smaller than this, A pulse signal 23 is emitted.

The integrator 24 generates an integrated time signal 25 that integrates the time during which the pulse signal 23 is supplied. The comparator 26 has a comparison reference value 2 representing the time Tb (T>Ta>Tb) required to scan an area sufficient for the amount of the agglomerated portion in the agglomerated state.
7 is given, and when the cumulative time signal 25 exceeds this, a third pressure signal 28 is generated. The above comparison standard value 15
, 20, 22, and 27 are important values for ensuring accuracy of determination, so they should be set to appropriate sizes depending on the properties of the specimen and the purpose of determination. 〇The above second and third values The electrical signals 21 and 28 become human input signals of the AND circuit 29, respectively.

The AND circuit 29 generates a signal 30 indicating aggregation only when both electric signals 21 and 28 are input together. The operation of this AND circuit 29 is such that whenever the specimen is in an aggregated state,
This is based on the fact that the second and third signals 21 and 28 are obtained. In other cases, it is determined that there is no aggregation. Next, we will further explain columns A to C in FIG. 3, which show the case where the present invention is applied to an actual specimen example. Columns A and C show the agglutination state, and B
Columns indicate non-agglomerated state.

In the judgment operation, first, each specimen that has formed the optical patterns indicated by AO and BO is scanned over its entire area along scanning line groups 32a and 32b indicated by dashed line arrows. Regarding 31a and 31b, the first electric signal 12a of the 0A column in which the first electric signals 12a and 12b as shown in Al and Bl are obtained from both ends of the fixed resistor 11 is equal to the two comparison reference values 15 and 22. Since it fluctuates vertically, the comparator 13 generates a pulse signal 16a shown at A2, and the comparator 14 generates a pulse signal 23a shown at A3. First electrical signal 12 in row B
Since b is between the two comparison reference values 15 and 22, B
As shown at 2 and B3, the comparators 13 and 14 do not generate pulse signals. Pulse signals 16a and 23a obtained within the total scanning time T are as shown by Cl and C4, respectively.

The pulse signal 16a is integrated by the integrator 17 to become an integrated time signal 18 as shown in C2, and when the scanning time t1 elapses, the integrated time signal 18 exceeds the comparison reference value 20, and the integrated time signal 18 is integrated by the comparator 19 as shown in C3. second electrical signal 21
Similarly, the pulse signal 23a is integrated by the integrator 24 to become an integrated time signal 25 as shown in C5, and when the scanning time T2 time elapses, the integrated time signal 25 exceeds the comparison reference value 27, and the comparator 26 A third electric signal 28 as shown in C6 is emitted from 0 now t1>T2, so when t1 time has passed after the start of scanning, both the second and third signals enter the AND circuit 29, and the AND circuit 29 to C
In the case of the 〇B column in which the electric signal 30 with aggregation as shown in 7 is emitted, the signal 30 is not emitted from the AND circuit 29 because there is no integrated time signal, and the signal 30 is determined to be non-aggregation. For example, even if electrical noise occurs in the B row and a pulse signal is generated in B2 and B3, the pulse signal is a short-time signal, so the cumulative time is 20% of the comparison reference value.
. 1) The accuracy of the judgment is much higher than that of conventional methods and the reliability is high. 2) The judgment is accurate without being affected even if an internal noise signal different from the scanning signal is mixed in. 〇3) If only one of the second and third electrical signals occurs, the sample can be identified as a questionable sample and sent for detailed testing.

4) By changing the comparison standard value, the judgment standard can be determined appropriately according to the purpose, which has a large effect such as 〇.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 schematically show an apparatus for carrying out the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a scanning and photoelectric conversion device, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an identification device, and FIG. 3 A to C are examples of specimens. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the scanning signals for each specimen. 5: reaction zone, 7: photoconductive element, 12: first electrical signal,
18: Accumulated time signal, 21: Second electrical signal, 25: Accumulated time signal, 28: Third electrical signal.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A specimen is scanned with a light beam having a minute cross-sectional area, photoelectric conversion is performed on the light that has passed through the specimen, a first electrical signal having a size corresponding to the amount of transmitted light is extracted, and the second electrical signal is combined with the first electrical signal. Compare the two reference values A and B (A>B), and when the first signal is larger than one of the reference values A, a second electrical signal is output when the cumulative time is equal to or greater than the reference time, and the first signal is output. is smaller than the other reference value B. When the cumulative time is greater than or equal to the reference time, a third electrical signal is output, and the second,
A method for detecting an aggregation state of blood, etc., characterized in that it is determined that there is agglutination when a third signal is emitted at the same time.