JPS5928806B2 - burner - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a fuel combustion burner.

More specifically, the present invention burns the fuel forming a jet of flame in the form of a long rod extending a considerable distance from the burner and having a small diameter.

There are many instances in which the flame produced by fuel combustion is desired to be in the form of a fairly long rod-like, high-velocity, high-energy flame jet of small diameter.

Such flames are very useful in furnace or flare type burners.

However, previous devices have not been able to produce a flame that is suitably long and of a sufficiently small diameter that the jet has adequate stability or directionality and sufficient energy in the forward motion of the fuel discharge. I couldn't do it.

In known devices, the flame was generally unstable due to the high velocity of the flame and the risk of extinguishing the flame due to the high velocity movement of the fuel.

In the field of fuel combustion, it is often desired that the flame produced when a fuel burns is long (thin, rod-shaped, stable, high-velocity, small-diameter flame, with a high-energy jet, and preferably of maximum length). be.

The present invention discloses a burner that provides a stable long rod flame.

The invention consists of a fuel tube with a circular end.

One or more main orifices are arranged symmetrically on or about the axis of the tube.

The main flow of gas flows through these main orifices, and the fuel at a predetermined pressure within the tubes is ejected in a long, narrow, high velocity jet of fuel.

There is also a second jet exiting the limb canal through a second orifice at an angle to the axis.

These secondary jets of fuel mixed with air provide a ring of flame surrounding the main jet of fuel to help ignite the gas in the main jet and prevent flame extinction caused by the high velocity movement of the jet.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a burner for burning fuel that can be used to produce a stable, high velocity, small diameter flame in the form of a long rod.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide such a burner which is completely safe despite the reduced diameter of the flame produced and the increased length thereof.

A burner having a main orifice oriented in the direction of the axis of the fuel tube or oriented at an angle to the axis, producing a very high velocity fuel jet under a given fuel supply pressure. By design, this and other objects are realized and limitations in the known art are overcome by the present invention.

Such a fuel jet simply burns from its outside so that the jet maintains the same shape as a flame or fuel jet.

It is therefore important to provide a continuous and stable flame ring around the jet, which allows the fuel within the jet to be ignited and provides combustion along the entire length of the fuel jet.

The ignition flame is provided by a series of small secondary orifices directed at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees or more outward from the axis of the fuel tube.

These small jets are properly mixed with air and burn to provide a stable flame that completely surrounds the fuel jet.

The jet thus exits the main orifice and draws air along its outer surface, igniting the fuel and air mixture and stabilizing the flame.

This is because at the bottom of this high velocity jet there will be a continuous ignition of fuel.

These and other objects of the invention, as well as a better understanding of its principles and details, will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings.

Examples will be described below.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 1.2.3.

FIG. 1 is an end view of burner 10. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.

The burner 10 consists of a tubular member 12 having a circular end 22 and a first central axial opening 20 surrounded by a second opening 21 through which fuel passes.

The fuel is gaseous fuel or atomized liquid fuel.

In all cases the pressure upstream of the outlet is greater than atmospheric pressure.

The length of the flame is approximately proportional to the square root of the outlet pressure drop.

However, the flame diameter remains substantially constant even though the length of the flame is varied by pressure changes.

Various upstream pressures can be used and the critical discharge rate does not change the function of this burner.

A plurality of small third apertures 30 are provided circumferentially spaced around the lower top of the tubular member 12, the third apertures 30 connecting the tubular member 12 and the deflection baffle 1.
4 into an annular space 15 between the two.

The downstream end of the deflection baffle 14 terminates between the second opening 21 and the third opening 30.

This is because the deflection baffle 14 deflects the fuel injected radially outward from the third opening 30 axially downstream of the first opening 20, and the fuel injected from the second opening 21 deflects the fuel injected radially outward from the deflection baffle 14. This is to prevent the flame from flickering at the edges.

A series of circumferentially spaced apertures 18 are provided around the lower portion 16 of the deflection baffle 14 .

The fuel generally travels within the interior space 32 of the tubular member 12 in the direction of arrow 2.
Move axially towards z.

A major portion of this fuel flows through the first and second openings 20.21 in a generally axial direction, as shown by arrow 25, in the direction of arrow 24.

The small portion of fuel passes through the third opening 30 into the annular space 15 in the direction of arrow 23 .

Air outside the tubular member 12 flows through the opening 18 in the direction indicated by the arrow 28.
It is introduced into the annular space 15 as shown in FIG.

The air and gaseous fuel are mixed within the annulus and ignited in a known manner, not shown, to provide a continuous and stable flame as indicated by arrow 29.

This continuous and stable flame serves to maintain the ignition of the fuel exiting the opening 20.21.

Fuel (here, for convenience, the fuel is described as a gas)
The jet of gas exits from the opening 20.21 at high velocity so that the pressure around the gas jet is below atmospheric pressure.

Air is drawn radially along the sides of the jet and mixes with the outer layer of fuel.

An annular space 15 also surrounding a columnar fuel jet
The emitting jet of flame is drawn radially inward and ignites the fuel consisting of the fuel jet and the air mixed therewith.

The high velocity jet is then ignited and the stable flame created by the flow of fuel and gas through the annulus 15 maintains continuous ignition at and above the point of fuel release.

By making the fuel pressure in the space 32 high enough so that the jet has a sufficiently high velocity when exiting the opening 20.21, a long and small cross-section flame is obtained.

This flame is ignited continuously as it exits the burner, making the seat safer than the third air/fuel gas mixture at 29.

The embodiment shown in Figure 1.2.3 is preferred since the ignition flame according to arrow 29 is the most effective.

As the pressure in the fuel tube increases, the diameter of the flame does not change significantly, but the velocity of the injecting jet increases and the length of the flame increases.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.5 will be described.

A tubular member 37 with a circular end 38 has a large axial opening 40 through which a gas flow 46 is directed at high velocity along the axial direction of the tubular member 4
8.

A plurality of small second orifices 50 are provided around this opening 40, ie, the main orifice.

These orifices 50 are oriented at an angle A of 45-60°.

Gaseous fuel exiting a small orifice 50 as indicated by arrow 45 is ignited on the outside of the tubular member and provides a stable flame.

This stable flame is specifically used to continuously ignite the fuel jet as it exits the orifice 40 at high velocity.

In Figure 6.7 a slightly modified structure is shown.

A plurality of somewhat conspicuous main orifices 52 are used here.

The total area of these orifices 52 is substantially the same as orifice 40.

Additionally, in this embodiment, the fuel gas exiting the second orifice 50 provides fuel that provides a stabilized flame that is used to ignite a fuel jet that exits continuously at high velocity.

The shape of the flame in each of the three burners described above is
．． As shown in Figure 9.10.

FIG. 8 shows the flame shape provided by a burner of the type of FIG. 1.2.3, and FIG. 9 shows a similar flame shape provided by the burner of FIG. 4.5.

Figure 10 shows the shape of the flame emerging from the burner of Figure 6.7.

Generally, the flame 70 of FIG. 10 will have multiple orifices 52 and will therefore be shorter and wider than the other two flames.

These orifices 52 provide an outwardly directed pressure that provides some air intake into the interior where combustion occurs.

This pressure widens the jet and resulting flame.

As a result, the flame is short and wide.

In FIG. 6.7, the second jet exiting from the opening 50 has an exit angle B of 45 to 60 DEG and at most 90 DEG.

Additional stability is provided in some cases by deflecting a portion of the gaseous fuel from a side or third opening 30 into the annular space 15 formed by the biasing baffle 14A.

Air is introduced into space 15 through opening 18 to provide a continuous flame to maintain stabilization of the first and second flames during ignition.

A major advantage of the present invention is that it provides a stable and desirable flame shape when the velocity of fuel exiting the orifice is at sonic or critical velocity.

Sonic or critical velocity occurs in the flow across an opening or orifice when the feed pressure upstream of the opening or orifice is twice the absolute pressure downstream of the orifice.

Flow velocities range from about 180 meters (600 feet) per second to about 1260 meters (4200 feet) or more at critical or sonic conditions, depending on the characteristics of the fuel.

However, since the minimum velocity can be much greater than the published flame velocity, the present invention is designed to reduce This is a truly new means of producing flame, and the entire length of the flame allows for stable combustion.

In Figures 1 to 7, the main fuel gas orifice 20.40
．． 52 is shown as being oriented along the axis of the burner tubular member 37.

However, it is clear that the burner tubular member could be mounted in that direction to similarly direct the flame in the desired direction.

FIG. 11.12 shows a modification of the burner of FIG. 4.5, in which the main opening 40 is at an angle to the axis of the tubular member 37 of the burner.

Although the angle is shown as 45 DEG in the figures, the angle of the opening with respect to the axis of the tubular member can be any desired angle from 0 DEG to 60 DEG or more.

Further, a second orifice 50 surrounding the opening 40 is arranged so as to surround the opening 40 and form a desired angle (for example, 45°).

Although not shown, the aforementioned deflection baffle 14 or '1
4A can also be applied to the embodiment of FIG. 11.12.

In some cases only partial circular baffles are required on the side edges where the flame is directed.

Although the invention has been described with particular reference to the invention, it will be obvious that many modifications and variations may be made in construction or arrangement of parts.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments described above.

It is intended that the present invention be limited only by what is set forth in the claims.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
A cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in the figure;
3, FIGS. 4 and 5 are top plan and sectional views, respectively, of another embodiment, FIGS. 6 and 7 are further embodiments, and FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 are respectively Figure 1.2.3, 4th.
Figures 5 and 6.7 show the shape of the flame produced by the burner, and Figures 11.12 and 11.12 show yet another embodiment of the invention. Description of symbols, 10; burner, 12; tubular member, 14; cylinder, 15; annular space, 18; opening, 20; first opening, 21; second opening, 22; circular end, 30; third opening , 37; tubular member, 38; circular end, 40; opening, 50
;Second orifice, 52;Main orifice.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A burner located in the open atmosphere for obtaining a rod-shaped flame of small diameter, comprising: (a) carrying fuel at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and having a circular end; (b) at least one main fuel discharge orifice having a predetermined area at the circular end; and (c) a plurality of main fuel discharge orifices at the circular end having a smaller diameter than the main orifice. (d) a plurality of smaller second openings disposed outwardly relative to the axis of the main orifice for discharging fuel at an angle relative to the axis of the main orifice; (e) a plurality of small third apertures disposed upstream of said main orifice for directing a fraction of the total fuel perpendicular to the axis of y; (e) between the second and third apertures; a deflection baffle having a downstream end positioned opposite the third opening to form an annular space and having a plurality of openings for introducing air provided by the flow of fuel into the annular space; A burner consisting of a deflection baffle and a deflection baffle.