JPS5939025B2 - Concrete building element forming machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a machine for forming concrete building elements comprising up to four wall sections having a height of one storey and mold sections integral with each other and with the upper floor section.

Such three-dimensional building elements have the advantage over ordinary planar elements that they can be constructed on-site without the use of special upright or support equipment, and that the connections between the individual elements are less susceptible to bending moments and shear stresses. These loads are transferred and spread from the corners of the structure, where they are greatest, to the walls and floors, and such connections are made more easily.
It also has the advantage that these parts can be inspected easily.

On the other hand, a forming machine developed for producing flat concrete elements cannot be used as a forming machine for producing three-dimensional building elements.

Such molds are assembled from conventional closing plates, which are very labor intensive to assemble and fix before each molding step, and to disassemble and remove the closing plates from the mold after the elements have hardened.

The object of the invention is to provide a machine for forming concrete building elements of the above-mentioned type, which machine minimizes the manual work required for forming the building element and removing the closing plates by means of the machine. It is in.

This not only saves manual time and labor, but also significantly reduces idle time during continuous molding, improving productivity and significantly reducing manufacturing costs for the resulting three-dimensional building elements. effective.

According to the invention, the machine comprises four mold sections comprising three mutually perpendicular mold surfaces forming an outer corner with two vertical sides and one horizontal upper side on one common base. A closed molding position in which the upwardly mounted and facing vertical mold surfaces of adjacent mold sections of each set form the side plates of the wall forming cavity and the bottom mold section is spaced relative to the base and the four mold sections are They are characterized in that they are movable relative to the base between an open position in which they are separated from each other and are downwardly directed toward the base.

Each of the four mold parts or quadrants constitutes a rigid unit and is fixed in a closed molded position by simple mechanical means, so that interruptions or openings, such as for windows or doors, can be made in the corresponding wall of the building element. If it is desired to be placed in a vertical section, a core or barrier interposed between the vertical surface roughnesses is provided.

At the same time, the horizontal mold faces or upper sides of the four mold sections are open at the top and are thus vibrated by a rod vibrator into the wall molding cavity to form a floor molding cavity where concrete material can be poured from above. Make up the bottom.

After the necessary curing of the building elements, each of the four mold sections is
At least initially, the two vertical mold faces are moved away from the element simultaneously with the horizontal mold face in a direction such that they are moved diagonally downwardly away from each other from the corresponding face of the element, while this element is held stationary on the mold base. It will be done.

Thereafter, the elements are removed from the machine and the four mold sections are spaced sufficiently apart to allow cleaning and preparation of the vertical mold surfaces for the next molding operation.

According to the invention, the movement of the four mold parts from the closed position is as follows:
from an initial separation movement whose direction is preferably parallel to a line passing through the corner of each mold section, and an actual opening movement in a substantially horizontal direction parallel to the bisector of the angle between the vertical mold faces; Become.

The required vertical movement of the mold part is thus reduced to a minimum and no deep cavities or holes are required to accommodate the mold part in the open position, reducing the overall height of the machine and resulting in power savings.

In a particularly useful embodiment of the machine of the invention, each of the four mold sections is further movable relative to the base between closed and open positions and movable to vary the thickness of the wall section molding cavity. It is.

By means of such modifications, it is possible not only to pay attention to the required strength and insulation properties of each wall section, but also to be able to carry out such modifications until the molding voids can be completely eliminated, using only this machine. , a cross-shaped element, a T-shaped element, and an L-shaped element as shapes related to the horizontal part over the wall part of the element.
Can be used to manufacture shaped elements.

Useful embodiments of mechanical means by which mold parts can be moved are described below with reference to the drawings.

In view of the above-mentioned movement between the closed and open positions, each mold part is preferably supported on a support and actuation mechanism comprising two hydraulically actuated bent parallelogram bar sets, in which case each plane is the parallelogram sides which are substantially parallel to the bisector between the vertical mold faces and which connect the base and the mold part cross the vertical line during movement of the mold part between the closed and open positions; The mold part is connected to the bent parallelogram bar set via a toggle mechanism in order to carry out the disengagement movement simultaneously with the final stage of the closing movement.

These parallelogram bar sets provide a translational movement of the mold part along an upwardly directed concave arc, thereby resulting in a diagonal but nearly horizontal main movement of the mold part between the closed and open positions. meet the requirements of

However, at least in the vicinity of the closed position, the vertical component of this movement must be overcompensated in order to move the mold part away from the building element, and the toggle mechanism is forced between the mold part itself and the attached parallelogram bar set. It serves to achieve this objective by introducing mobility consisting of

Each of these bent parallelogram bar sets is preferably bent at a right angle, according to the invention, with legs lying in the plane of the parallelogram and connected to the mold part approximately vertically in the open position of the mold part. It has a shape.

In this position, the mold part rests stably on the set of bent parallelogram bars, whereby those hydraulic cylinders providing movement to the mold part are relieved of pressure.

The outward enclosing of the molding cavity and thus the shaping of the free edges of the wall part and the floor part is provided by separate mold parts having a width corresponding to the desired thickness of the part concerned.

However, the installation and removal of such separate mold sections in connection with each molding operation requires a considerable amount of work, and therefore, according to the present invention, a wall is provided between them on the vertical mold surface of the mold sections. It is preferred to provide contact rails or profiles forming the outer limiting walls of the partial molding cavity, while the horizontal mold faces or top surfaces of the mold parts are provided along their two free edges for the floor molding cavity. It is preferred to provide a projecting rail or profile forming an outer limiting wall of the.

Such a rail or profile is, as it were, an integral but replaceable part of the mold part and is removed from the building element together with the mold part, which simplifies the operation of the machine.

Another embodiment according to the invention provides that each mold section is transferred from an open position to a closed molding position approximately parallel to the bisector between the vertical mold faces of the individual mold sections and into a position adjacent to the closed position. It is then arranged to roll into a final closing motion along an oblique upward path.

This allows for a very simple and robust design of the support and movement mechanism for the mold part, which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, easy to maintain, and easy to adjust to set the mold part in the desired position in the closed molding position. It becomes easier.

According to the invention, each mold section is preferably in the form of a rail with mutually parallel axes substantially perpendicular to said bisector and with a final rising portion corresponding to the final stage of the closing movement. It has several wheels on which it travels.

In order to carry out the final stage of the closing movement and the first stage of the opening movement, it is preferred according to the invention that each mold part is equipped with a toggle mechanism actuated by a hydraulic cylinder;
One end of the toggle mechanism is pivotally connected to a support structure of the mold part, while the other end is arranged to engage a stationary contact on the machine base during transition to the final stage of the closing movement. There is.

The connection between this contact and the free end of the toggle mechanism is preferably constructed according to the invention to take a thrust and a pulling force simultaneously from the toggle mechanism, so that a hydraulic cylinder can act via the toggle mechanism. Full force can be used to release the mold part from the molding element.

Hereinafter, a machine according to the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

This machine has a base 1 in the form of a bottom plate or frame and other mainly four identical mold parts 2A.

2B, 2C, 2D and a bottom profile 3, which is shown only schematically in FIG.

The four mold parts 2 each have a bottom plate 4 which firmly supports two vertical molding surfaces 6, γ and an upper horizontal molding surface 8 through a bar lattice 5, which is only shown diagrammatically in the figure. Motsu.

These three planes are mutually orthogonal and thereby form outer orthogonal corners.

The bottom plate 4 of each molding is supported by a set of bent parallelogram bars, each consisting of two sets of bent parallel bars, each quadrilateral being pivotally attached to the base 1 at their lower ends and to the bottom plate at their upper ends. 4 is combined.

Although this connection to the bottom plate is shown in FIGS. 1-3 as simply a single pivot connection for the sake of clarity, it actually includes a toggle linkage as will be described below with reference to FIG.

In the closed molding position shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4,
The lower leg of the bent parallelogram frame 9 extends diagonally outward and upward from the center of the machine, while the slightly longer upper leg extends upwardly and diagonally inward toward the center of the machine. .

Since the movement of the molding between the closed and open positions corresponds to a rotation of approximately 45° of the bent parallelogram frame 9, the upper and upper legs in the open position shown in FIG. 2 are approximately horizontal and vertical, respectively. It will surely rest on the base 1 in this position.

Each bent parallelogram bar set is actuated as a unit by a hydraulic cylinder, shown at 10 in FIG. Fix it.

In this state, the hydraulic cylinder 10 is depressurized.

As mentioned above, each of the four molding parts is movable to change the distance between a pair of facing vertical molding surfaces 6 and 7, and is shown in the figure by a number of positioning holes 1 on the bottom plate 4.
Two identical groups are shown and a support and movement mechanism is provided with corresponding locating pins 13 which engage corresponding holes in each group.

The holes in each group are arranged in two sets of rows parallel to each of the vertical molding surfaces 6 and 7 and in this embodiment include three holes per row.

In this way an element is created that changes the machine wall forming cavity.

As shown in FIG. 4, the pin 13 is mounted on a bottom plate 14, which is connected to the parallelogram bar 9 via a toggle mechanism having two links 15, one of which at one end. Threaded spindle 1 carrying hand wheel 18
Has nuts on top of 7.

The position of the toggle linkage shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the bottom plate beginning its final movement into a fixed casting position.

By rotating the threaded spindle 17, the lever 16 is rotated clockwise to straighten the toggle link 15.16 until the knuckle of the toggle link 15.16 abuts the adjustable set screw 19.

This movement moves the forming part slightly upward and to the left in the direction of a line bisecting the solid angle passing through the upper left corner where the three forming surfaces meet in the figure.

After the molding is finished, the thousand wheels 18 are rotated in the opposite direction to draw the molding surface of the toggle linkage 15,16 away from the building element, thereby aligning the parallelogram arms 9 with their pivot points on the base 1. By rotating it around, the mold is completely opened.

FIG. 3 shows the vertical molding surfaces 6 and 7 of the molding part 2, provided near the free vertical edge with a rail or profile 20 serving as the limiting wall of the molding cavity to be assembled.

In the closed position, the lower ends of these rails or profiles 20 rest firmly against the upper side of the bottom profile 3.

This figure also shows these rails and the corresponding limit rail 2
1 are provided along the two free edges of the upper horizontal molding surface 8 of each mold section.

Figure 5 shows the open position similar to Figure 2, but the four molded parts are shown in a simplified manner with only their three molded surfaces 6, 7°8, but their support and movement mechanisms are Omitted.

Instead, it has an overhang 2L22, 23.24 supported on the bottom molding material 3 in the molding cavity between the mold faces and each of the four wall part molding cavities is divided into two molding cavities with the same or different thickness. A cruciform core 20 is shown which is divided into sections.

In the illustrated embodiment, the core 20 extends above the plane of the horizontal molding surface 8 so as to divide the floor molding cavity into four parts.

When a machine with such a core is used, the above-mentioned L-shaped four-position three-dimensional building element can be produced in this casting operation.

Similarly, by using a core with three overhangs, for example omitting the overhang 21, two L-shaped elements and one T-shaped element can be produced in the same casting operation, and only two in one common plane. The overhang can be used to produce two T-shaped elements.

It is thus clear that one machine can cover a wide range of applications of different elements, making full use of its full capabilities.

In FIG. 6 2 designates, as in FIGS. 1 to 5, the individual forming section of the machine, which forming section comprises two vertical forming surfaces 6 and 7 and one horizontal forming surface 8; These interlock to form one orthogonal corner and are otherwise attached to a support structure (not shown) of sufficient strength and rigidity.

This molding part is supported via its support structure on three wheels 26, the axis of which is perpendicular to a right-angled bisecting line included between vertical molding surfaces 6 and 7, and the wheels 26 are is placed on a roll (eighth
(Fig. 10).

The mold parts 2 are adapted to roll horizontally on these rails from mutually spaced open positions to the closed positions shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 to enable the molding operation to take place. moved by hand.

In the last stage of the closing movement, the wheels 26 move against the rails 27
It rolls along the upper wedge 28, which can be precisely adjusted by means of an adjusting screw 40 to adjust the final height position of the forming section (Figs. 8-1).
Figure 0).

The final stage of the closing movement is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder 30 which is fixedly mounted on the support structure of the mold part and pivots on a pin 31 fixed to the toggle link 34 of the toggle lever 32,33.
One end of the toggle lever is attached to the attached wheel 26.
is pivotally mounted about the axis of the cylinder, while the other end is normally free and has a cylindrical transverse bar 35 at its end.

When the mold part is moved to the position shown in FIG. 8 on its way to the closed position, pressure fluid is introduced into the hydraulic cylinder 30, which causes the cylinder to extend and move the toggle levers 32, 33 to the position shown in FIG. and in this position,
The cross bar 35 engages the contact tool 36 in a rigid connection with the rail 27.

Further extension of the hydraulic cylinder 30 causes the toggle levers 32, 33 to straighten as shown in FIG.
Pushing the wheel 26 upwards along the wedge 28 pushes the mold part diagonally upwards into the final forming position, in which position it is secured by the toggle levers 32,33 being completely straight.

As soon as the toggle levers 32, 33 straighten and the toggle lever part 32 rotates accordingly, the crossbar 35
A retaining plate 37 welded to the lever 32 engages with the curved inner end surface of the contact tool 38 on the opposite side, and the mold section is completely prevented from moving in both directions.

After the element has been formed and sufficiently cured, hydraulic oil is applied to the cylinder 30 to shorten it and remove the retaining plate 3.
7 and the contact 38 resulting in a positive withdrawal of the mold part from the building element by a diagonal downward movement, and when this engagement is terminated by rotation of the toggle lever part 32, the toggle lever is The mold section is raised to the position shown in FIG. 8 and can then be moved manually to the fully open position.

Illustrated toggle lever system 3 with actuating cylinder 30
2.33 can be provided adjacent to all wheels of the mold section, but by suitable dimensioning such a system can be shown with wheels adjacent to the vertical edge between vertical molding surfaces 6 and 7. It can also be provided with a single wheel such as

Instead of the hydraulic cylinder 30 described, a pneumatic cylinder or a screw jack may also be used, with suitable stops for limiting the final stage of the closing movement for precise positioning of the molding surface of the mold part in the molding position. provided.

The embodiments of the present invention are listed below.

1. The movement of each of the four mold parts is an initial separation movement whose direction is parallel to a line passing through the corner point of each mold part and within the solid angle closed by the mold part, and a vertical mold, plane. Claim 1 consisting of a subsequent actual opening movement in a substantially horizontal direction parallel to the bisector of the angle between
Molding machine described in section.

2. The connection with the base of each of the four mold parts is made by a group of identical positioning holes arranged in two sets of rows with a vertical axis and parallel to each of the vertical mold faces on the one hand, and each hole on the other hand. Claim 1 having corresponding groups of locating pins that simultaneously engage homologous holes within the group.
2. The molding machine according to item 1 or item 1 above.

3. Each mold section is supported by a support and movement mechanism formed by a pair of hydraulically actuated bent parallelogram rod sets, so that the bar parallelograms of each mold section are located at two corners between the vertical mold faces of the associated mold section. arranged in a plane approximately parallel to the equisector lines, and in which the sides of the parallelogram connecting the base and the mold part pass through one vertical line during the movement of the mold part between the open and closed positions. Molding machine according to claim 1, further characterized in that the mold section is connected to the bent parallelogram framework via a toggle mechanism providing the final stage of the closing movement and the initial stage of the opening movement.

4. Each bent parallelogram machine is constituted by a substantially right-angled bending member having legs lying in the plane of the parallelogram and connected to the mold section oriented substantially vertically in the open position of the mold section; 3. The molding machine according to item 3 above.

5. The vertical molding surface of the mold section is provided with vertical edge limit rails or moldings for the wall section molding cavity, and these rails or moldings are provided with corresponding rails or moldings on opposite sides of the adjacent molding section in the closed state of the mold. A molding machine according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the molding machine is arranged so as to come into sealing contact with a rail or a mold material.

6. The horizontal mold surface of the mold section is provided along its two free edges with upright rails or profiles forming the outer limits for the floor molding cavity. The molding machine according to any one of Item 1 to each of the above items.

7. The core is arranged to receive a core supported on the mold bottom between the vertical molding surfaces of the mold section and dividing the at least two wall forming cavities into two separate cavities; A molding machine according to any one of claims 1 through 10, characterized in that the molding machine extends upwardly through the floor molding cavity.

8. Each mold part rolls from the open position toward the closed molding position to a position close to the closed position in a direction substantially parallel to the plane that bisects the angle between the vertical mold surfaces of the individual molding parts. A molding machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged so that the final movement is raised along an upwardly inclined path.

9. A wheel rolling on a support member, preferably using a rail in which each mold part has a parallel axis substantially perpendicular to said bisecting plane and has a final rising portion corresponding to the final stage of the closing movement. 9. The molding machine according to item 8 above.

10. Each mold section is provided with a toggle linkage mechanism actuated by an actuator, one end of which is pivotally attached to the support structure of the form section and the other end of which is closed and connected to a stationary contact during transition to the final stage of movement. 10. The molding machine according to claim 9, wherein the molding machine is configured to engage with each other.

11. The molding machine according to item 11 above, characterized in that the molding machine includes a second contact tool that can be coupled to the contact tool to receive both pushing and pulling forces from the toggle mechanism.

12. Concrete essentially identical to that described with respect to Figures 1 to 5 of the Drawings, including up to four wall sections one storey high and forms integral with each other and with the upper section. Machine for forming building elements.

13.Up to four wall sections one storey high and each other:
A machine for forming concrete building elements essentially identical to that described with respect to FIGS. 6 to 10 of the drawings and including a mold integral with the upper section.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a machine according to the invention, shown in the closed state, for the purpose of forming a cruciform element having a floor section each having a length and a width corresponding to the total length of each of the double wall sections that it traverses. FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of the machine in the open position; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the four molded parts with an attached bar-like parallelogram support and movement mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a more detailed side view of the individual mold parts with attached support and displacement mechanisms; FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing further advantages of the invention; FIG.
7 is a plan view of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a side view of two molded parts, similar to FIG. 4; FIG. 8 is a side view of the molded parts of FIGS. An enlarged detail of the wheels of the part, FIG. 9 corresponding to FIG. 8 with the part in the initial stage of the closed position, and FIG. 9 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 9. In the figure: Codes: 1...Base, 2...Mold part, 2 people. 2B, 2C, 2D... Mold part, 3... Bottom mold material, 4... Bottom plate, 5... Bar lattice, 6
, 7... Vertical form surface, 8... Molding surface,
9...Bent parallelogram bar set, 10...
Hydraulic cylinder, 11... Toggle link fixture,
12...Positioning hole, 13...Pin,
14...Frame, 15...Link, 1
6... Lever, 17... Threaded spindle, 18... Hand wheel, 19... Set screw, 20... Rail, 21 ,22,23゜24
...Protrusion, 26...Wheel, 27
...Rail, 28...Wedge, 30.
... Hydraulic cylinder, 31 ... Pin, 32.
33... Toggle lever, 34... Glue link, 35... Horizontal bar, 36... Contact tool, 37... Holding plate, 38...Contact tool, 39...Bolt, 40...Adjustment screw.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Forming machine for producing concrete building elements consisting of up to 4 wall sections 11 storeys high and an upper floor section integrated with these wall sections, comprising two vertical forming surfaces and at their upper ends. Four mold sections each consisting of three mutually perpendicular molding surfaces each forming an outer corner with an upper horizontal molding surface joined horizontally are mounted above a common base so that the outer corners face each other. In this configuration, these four
The four mold parts are moved obliquely inward to converge on each other so that the opposing vertical molding surfaces of each of the four mold parts act as side plates of the wall part molding side bend, and furthermore, after molding the building element, these four mold parts A molding machine for a concrete building element, characterized in that a mechanism for moving the mold parts diagonally outward so as to separate them from each other is disposed between the base and each of the mold parts.