JPS6010253B2 - Gasket compression tester - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a gasket compression testing machine used to test the performance of gaskets, such as gaskets used as gas sealing materials between cylinder blocks and cylinder heads of internal combustion engines.

Parts of the engine that need to be watertight, oiltight, or airtight are made of nonmetallic materials such as rubber, cork, asbestos seals, special paper, plastic, and felt, or copper, aluminum, or other suitable metals, depending on the location. Gaskets constructed by combining these are used. One of the most important gaskets used in various parts of the engine
One is the gasket used between the cylinder block and the cylinder head, which is exposed to high-pressure, high-temperature combustion gas.

This type of gasket is often made by wrapping asbestos in a thin metal plate.For example, a cylinder block is made by wrapping asbestos about 2 yam thick (before use) in a thin copper plate with a thickness of about 0.10 to 0.25 cm. The gasket is inserted between the cylinder head mounting bolt and the cylinder head, and is compressed and installed by applying a specified tightening torque.In this case, the gasket is compressed evenly and maintains complete airtightness against the specified explosive gas pressure. performance is required. Until now, there has been no suitable testing machine that can check the performance of gaskets for various uses, including the above-mentioned gasket uses, by testing the gasket itself without installing the gasket in the engine. Both gasket manufacturers and users were acutely aware of the need for a dedicated testing machine. An object of the present invention is to provide a suitably constructed gasket compression testing machine capable of testing a single gasket in accordance with the above-mentioned needs. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A gasket compression tester according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of this testing machine, and FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of its main parts.

In the figure, 1 and 1' are left and right machine columns, whose lower ends are fixed to the table 2, and whose upper ends are connected by a cross yoke (not shown), forming a strong box frame. 3 is a crosshead whose left and right ends are guided by the machine pillars 1 and 1'.
The left and right feed screws 4, 4' allow for vertical movement while maintaining a correct horizontal state.

5 is a surface plate, 6 is a load cell (capacity 25 t) that measures the rolling force applied via the crosshead 3, and 7 is an overload prevention device for the load cell 6.

8 is an upper platen, 9 is a lower platen, and an annular gasket 10 is installed between the two platens as a test specimen.

Pongee holes 12 and 12' are provided in the centers of both the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9, respectively. The pore 12 fills the space formed by the pressure plates 8 and 9 and the gasket test piece 101 with high-pressure gas or liquid. (pressure oil or pressurized water), and the string hole 12' is adapted to communicate with the outside via a discharge valve 13, and is used when high pressure liquid is introduced as pressurized fluid to apply the internal pressure. Serves as an air vent pipe. 11 is an upper heating plate, and 11' is a lower heating plate, each of which has a built-in electric heat heater, and can heat the upper and lower platens to about 500 qo.

Furthermore, thermocouples 14 are attached to the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9 for detecting and controlling the heating temperature. 15, 16 are heat insulating plates, and the heat from the upper and lower heating plates 11, 11' is transferred to the upper and lower platens 8,
Prevents propagation from being disseminated to people other than 9.

Reference numeral 17 denotes a water jacket, into which cooling water is introduced from the upper left and discharged from the upper right, as shown by the arrow.

18 is an auxiliary heater with a built-in flea heater, which is connected to the upper heating plate 1.
The upper and lower pressure plates 8
.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a displacement measuring device between platens, which is installed at three locations on the outer periphery of the upper and lower platens 8 and 9 at a phase of 1200, and measures the relative displacement between the upper platen 8 and the lower platen 9 using a differential transformer system. To detect.

Reference numeral 20 is a spherical seat so that the rolling force F by the crosshead 3 can be easily transmitted to the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9.

21 is a pressure detection unit that detects changes in the pressure of high-pressure gas or high-pressure liquid (pressure oil or pressurized water) introduced and confined to apply internal pressure to the space surrounded by the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9 and the gasket test body 10; do.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an internal pressure load circuit for applying internal pressure to the space, and the equipment and pipelines in the rectangular frame are housed in the cabinet of the internal pressure load inlet device shown in FIG. 4.

The cabinet is attached to the outer side of the right machine column 1',
It is connected to the pressure detection unit 21 via piping 22 .

N is a nitrogen gas cylinder filled with high pressure nitrogen gas of 150k9/R, R is a gas pressure regulator, and Mo is a 25
0k9/uniform use, M,, ground is a gas pressure gauge for 100k9' swimming, pressure gauge M2 is large size, and the indication scale is pressure gauge M,
It is carved one digit finer. V, is a stop valve for gas, V2, V3 is a stop valve for pressurization, M3 is a large pressure gauge for pressurized water with a capacity of 10%, V4, V5 is a stop valve for oil, M is a pressure in a capacity of 100k9' Large pressure gauge for oil, V6 is a stop valve for gas exhaust. V7
1 is a stop valve for containing internal pressure, and 2 is a differential detector for detecting pressure changes in the sealed pressurized fluid, both of which are attached to the pressure detection unit 21 of the main body. A,... is a blender type accumulator, the former is for pressurized water and the latter is for oil. B and B2 are funnels provided in the branch pipe via valve V8 or V9, B and are used for water injection, and & is used for oil injection. R2 and R3 are direct acting type relief valves, the relief valve R2 used as a pressurized water pressure setting valve is connected to the pipe between the stop valve V3 and the stop valve V7, and the relief valve R3 for the oil pressure setting valve is connected to the stop valve V5 and the stop valve. Provided in the conduit between V7. A manual oil pump with a small oil tank (not shown) connects stop valves V3 and V.
It is connected in the middle of the pipe connecting the five-hole relief valves R2 and R3, respectively, and is used for adjusting the set pressure of each relief valve. Next, a test of a single gasket using this gasket compression tester will be explained. As a test specimen, an annular test specimen 10 of a gasket used between a cylinder block and a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine was placed on an upper pressure plate, a lower pressure plate 8,
9, rotate the feed screws 4 and 4', lower the crosshead 3 horizontally, and then lower the load cell 6 and the spherical seat 2.
0, a rolling force F is applied to the upper platen 8 via the water jacket 17, the upper heat insulating plate 15, and the upper heating plate 11. Since the lower platen 9 is rigidly held on the surface plate 5 via the lower heating plate 11', the lower heat insulating plate 16, the load cell overload prevention device 7, etc., 5--As shown in the figure, an annular test is performed on the gasket, which is an elastic body, by increasing the action as the time t elapses and controlling the rotation of the feed screws 4 and 4' so that the feed screws 4 and 4' are maintained at a predetermined value. A compression load is applied to the body 101. The amount of compression of the gasket test piece compressed under this load is detected by the platen displacement measuring device 19. If the gasket test piece is homogeneous, the gasket test piece is compressed at a phase of 1200. The values detected by the displacement measuring device 19 installed at three locations on the same 0 yen, that is, the amount of compression of the gasket, should match.Therefore, depending on the degree of discrepancy that occurs in these three detected values, the test gasket 10 The homogeneity of the material will be tested.In addition, the amount compressed by the tightening force of the gasket, that is, the displacement between the platens 19
It is also possible to control the rotation of the feed screws 4, 4' so as to cause a change in the displacement amount 6 corresponding to the elapse of time t according to a set value as shown in FIG. 5-2.

On the other hand, it is important to test whether the gasket test specimen can completely seal high temperature and high pressure gas corresponding to explosive gas under the action of a predetermined tightening force, or in other words, a predetermined reduction force F. For this purpose, the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9 are heated by the upper and lower heating plates 11 and 11', and the heat dissipation from the outer periphery of both pressure plates 8 and 9 is supplemented by heating by the auxiliary heater 18. 9 temperature T
As shown in Fig. 5-3, the temperature T is detected by thermocouples 14 inserted in both platens 8 and 9 so that the temperature is maintained at a predetermined temperature. The temperature increase is carried out under program control. Further, in order to apply a high-pressure gas corresponding to the explosive gas pressure (for example, 80 to 100 k9') to the space surrounded by the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9 and the gasket annular test piece 10, the following procedure is performed.

In other words, high-pressure nitrogen gas at a pressure of 150k9' is pumped from the filled cylinder N to a gas pressure regulator R of, for example, 100k9'.
' Reduce the pressure to the ground and check the pressure with a gas pressure gauge,
Stop valves V and V7 are opened to introduce nitrogen gas into the space through the hole 12 of the lower platen 9, and stop valve V7 is closed to fill the space with nitrogen gas at a pressure of 100 k9/base. In this case, the sealed nitrogen gas increases in temperature and expands due to the heat of the heated upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9, so after a certain period of time, the stop valve V7 is opened again and the nitrogen gas pipe pressure is confirmed again using the gas pressure gauge, and then closed. . When the nitrogen gas sealed in the space is completely sealed by the gasket test body 10, the pressure detection unit 21
The pointer of the differential pressure gauge M5 attached to the point indicates 0. However, if the seal of the gasket test piece 10 is incomplete, the pressure drop due to gas leakage is indicated by the differential pressure gauge M5 as a differential pressure. Therefore, the degree of gas leakage from the gasket test piece 10 can be calculated and determined based on the differential pressure indicated by the differential pressure gauge M5. When testing a gasket test piece used in a part of an engine that should be kept watertight or oiltight in the same manner as above, a gasket instead of the nitrogen gas is placed in the space surrounded by the upper and lower pressure plates 8'9 and the gasket annular test piece 10. The tank may be filled with pressurized water or oil at a predetermined pressure.

The case where pressure oil at a predetermined pressure (for example, 80k9/kg) is filled will be explained as follows.

Stop valve for nitrogen cylinder N, stop valve V,,
Close V2 and V4 and open stop valve V6 to vent residual nitrogen gas in the line. Next stop valve V
6, open the stop valve of cylinder N, read the gas pressure flowing into the pipe line with gas pressure regulator R, with gas pressure gauge M or M2, and check the pressure to be about 5 to 10% higher than the specified pressure (for example, 85k9/sq. ). On the other hand, the hydraulic pressure setting relief valve R3 is adjusted using the manual hydraulic pump for setting pressure adjustment so as to maintain the pipe line pressure of 80k9/ground.

After the adjustment is completed, the pressure oil in the adjustment pipe must be drained and the connection with the manual hydraulic pump must be cut off. Next, open the stop valve V9 from the oil injection funnel B2 and inject oil to fill the pipe between the accumulator and the stop valve V5 as well as the right gap in contact with the gas chamber of the accumulator A2, and then fill the stop valve with oil. Close V9.

Gradually open the stop valve V4 and fill the left gas chamber of the accumulator with nitrogen gas at a pressure slightly higher than the set oil pressure. This operation causes the accumulator A2 to operate as a pressure transmission medium converter that transmits pressure from gas to oil, and then by opening the stop valve V5, the hydraulic pressure setting relief valve R3, which has been adjusted to the set pressure in advance, operates. Coupled with this, the piping 22 connecting the internal pressure load inflow device and the pressure detection unit 21 has a set pressure of 80k9'.
Filled with local oil. A stop valve V7 is installed in the space surrounded by the upper and lower pressure plates 8 and 9 and the annular gasket test piece 10.
Open it and fill it with the pressure oil mentioned above. During this time, it must be confirmed with the oil pressure gauge M4 that the pressure oil is maintaining a predetermined pressure. Next, by closing the stop valve V7, pressure oil at a predetermined pressure is sealed in the space, and a predetermined internal pressure by the pressure oil is applied to the gasket test body 1. Therefore, the oil leak test for one gasket test body can be conducted in exactly the same way as the gas leak test described above. If it is necessary to perform a water leakage test by applying a predetermined internal pressure to the gasket test piece 10 using pressurized water, it may be carried out in the same manner as in the case of pressurized oil described above.

When applying a compressive load to the gasket test specimen 1, a hydraulic cylinder is placed in the center of the cross yoke or the center of the lower surface plate 5, in addition to the downward action of the cross head 3 caused by the rotation of the feed screws 4 and 4'. It is also possible to provide an apparatus in which the compression test is performed by automatically controlling the downward force or upward force to act on the platens 8 and 9.

As is clear from the above explanation, by using the gasket compression tester according to the present invention, the performance of various gaskets for various purposes can be equally evaluated on a single gasket without having to install it in the installation location of the engine in which it is used. A predetermined compressive load is applied instead of the total applied force, and the homogeneity of the material is tested by the degree of the difference in the amount of compression of the gasket.

In addition, it is possible to apply internal pressure from high-pressure gas at a predetermined pressure to the gasket in a predetermined high-temperature state that must be sealed, or to apply pressure oil at a predetermined pressure or pressurized water at a predetermined pressure to the gasket as internal pressure. This is easily possible with an inflow device. The present invention makes it possible to provide a gasket compression tester capable of conducting compression tests and leakage tests, which are important performance tests for various gaskets, under conditions close to actual usage conditions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a front view of a gasket compression tester according to an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram of its main parts, and Fig. 3 is an internal pressure load circuit. Figure 4 is a front view of the internal pressure load inflow device, Figure 5-1 is the relationship between the rolling force F and the passage of time t, and Figure 5-2 is the relative displacement amount 6 between the platens, that is, the compression amount of the gasket. Time elapsed t
Figure 5-3 shows the relationship between the heating temperature T of the platen and the elapsed time t.
A diagram or a constant value control diagram showing the relationship between the two is shown. 1, 1'... Machine pillar, 2... Table ~ 3...
...Cross head, 4,4'...Feed screw, 5
...Surface plate, 6...Load cell, 7...
Load cell overload prevention device, 8... Upper platen,
9... Lower platen, 10... Gasket test piece, 11... Upper hot plate, 11'... Lower hot plate, 14... Thermocouple, 15, 16...Insulation board, 17...Water jacket, 18...
Auxiliary heater, 19... Displacement measuring device between platens, 2
0... Spherical seat, 21... Pressure detection unit, 2
2... Piping, A,, A2... Accumulator,
B, B2... Funnel, Mo, M,, M2, M3,
M4...Pressure gauge, M5...Differential pressure gauge, N...Nitrogen gas cylinder, R,...Gas pressure regulator, R2, R3...Relief valve, V,, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7
, V8, V9...Stotzf. Novel, F...Reduction force, 6... Displacement between platens, T...Plate temperature, t...Time. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 5 Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Upper and lower pressure plates that hold an annular gasket test specimen and apply a compressive load thereto, a device that measures the relative displacement of these pressure plates, and a space formed by the pressure platen and the gasket. an internal pressure load inflow device that is filled with gas or liquid at a predetermined pressure and applied internal pressure to the gasket; a device that detects changes in the internal pressure during compressive loading; and a device that heats and maintains the platen at a predetermined temperature. A gasket compression testing machine comprising: 2 Upper and lower pressure plates that hold the annular gasket test specimen and apply a compressive load to it, a device that measures the relative displacement of these pressure plates, and a gas or liquid at a predetermined pressure in the space formed by the pressure platen and the gasket. an internal pressure load inflow device that is filled and sealed and causes internal pressure to act on the gasket, a device that detects a change in the internal pressure during a compressive load, and a device that heats and maintains the platen at a predetermined temperature. As the internal pressure load inflow device, a device consisting of a high-pressure gas cylinder, a gas pressure regulator, and an accumulator that acts as a pressure transmission medium converter between the liquid injected and contained in a part of the gas circuit is used. Gasket compression testing machine.