JPS6011993B2 - Liquid fuel production equipment using wood pyrolysis - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing liquid fuel by pyrolyzing wood, etc., which pyrolyzes raw wood, waste wood, chips, sawdust, bark, plants, etc. under conditions of 325 qo to 600°C. The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a directly combustible liquid fuel by roughly separating combustible components in the decomposition product during the condensation process of the thermal decomposition liquid when obtaining the decomposition product.

Conventionally, the method of recovering the distillate produced as a byproduct during the carbonization process of wood for the purpose of carbonizing the wood has been to simply air-cool the decomposed and vaporized liquid or use a water tank type heat exchange method. The method used is to cool it in a container, condense it, and recover it.

In this conventional recovery method, when attempting to recover the pyrolyzed liquid of wood or other plants, the gas temperature rapidly increases due to the large amount of water contained in the volatile substances produced by decomposition. The temperature drops to below the boiling point of water, and the liquid above the boiling point of water and water condense at the same time, making it impossible to separate them. Therefore, the crab exudate obtained in this way has a high moisture content of 40 to 80%, depending on the moisture content of the raw material, so it has a low calorific value and is not suitable for direct combustion. Furthermore, even if it were to be used as a chemical raw material, it would be necessary to separate a large amount of water, and separating water is extremely difficult, so the uses of crab exudate are limited and its value is low. ing.

For example, when dehydrating cellulose oil obtained by pyrolysis of wood or plants by distillation, the initial boiling point is approximately 60
oo, but then it reaches 100oo, which is the boiling point of water, and during this distillation, dissolved tar precipitates into the bottom of the pot and becomes a black paste, and as the temperature further increases, it solidifies and doubles. The next decomposition occurs.

In this way, the thermal decomposition liquid after water has been separated by atmospheric distillation is polymerized by military condensation, etc., and turns into a completely different substance, making it difficult to remove it from the pot. The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the technology for recovering the product liquid in the carbonization of wood, and the present invention provides a heating means in the production path when pyrolyzing wood or plants containing a large amount of water. By providing a cooling means, we create a temperature gradient that increases the temperature on the pyrolysis equipment side, and install a distillate outlet in the area where this temperature gradient exists, so that it can be separated from combustible wood tar and pyroligneous vinegar. The feature is that the moisture in the portion is roughly separated and taken out during the condensation process.

Note that the temperature at the outlet of the first condensate should be set to a temperature higher than the boiling point of water to avoid condensation of water even when a gaseous substance containing a large amount of water passes through. For example 110
By setting the temperature to qo~200q○, condensation of a large amount of water contained is reduced, and oils with a high boiling point are condensed at the first outlet, and water is separately recovered from the rear outlet. Therefore, the wood pyrolysis liquid obtained by the present invention can be burned as it is, and is also advantageous when used as a chemical raw material.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of the apparatus of the present invention, and in FIG. 1, 7 is a reactor.

The sample 8 placed in the reactor 7 is thermally decomposed by the fluid heat medium 9, and the generated thermal decomposition products flow out of the reactor 7 through two take-out path pipes extending upward. Route pipe 20
It is divided into several chambers that fit each other. The two route pipes have a temperature gradient where the reactor 7 side is at a high temperature due to the heating heater 10 and the coolers 12 and 13. 1-6
is a receiver provided at each temperature gradient point and at an appropriate location in the route pipe 20, and components condensed due to the temperature at the location are collected in liquid form in each receiver.

11 is a heat insulating material that is placed above the reactor 7 and the heating heater 10
Thermometers 14, 15, which are wound around the water coolers 14 and 15, are provided at key points To to T6, indicating hot water and cold water flowing to the coolers 12 and 13, respectively.

The product that has not been liquefied to the end becomes gas 16 and is led out of the apparatus. This gas contains carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., and can be used as fuel by removing nonflammable gases. In the condensation process of pyrolysis liquid, if the device of the present invention is used to roughly separate water and obtain a distillate that can be used as fuel, the pyrolysis liquid of wood and plants, which was conventionally difficult to dehydrate and was treated as a nuisance, can be used. However, liquid fuels can advantageously be produced from such reproducible plants.

For example, the calorific value of cellulose oil recovered from relatively dry wood containing approximately 10% water at 450°C using the conventional method is approximately 1,800 cal/night, and it cannot be used alone as a fuel. , which can only be used by mixing with other high-calorie fuels. On the other hand, if the apparatus of the present invention is used, a tar liquid having a ratio of about 5,000 to 600 al/l can be easily separated from water in the condensation process of thermal decomposition, and a cellulose oil that can be combusted as it is can be obtained.
Furthermore, when the thermal decomposition liquid roughly separated according to the condensation temperature is used as a chemical raw material, the water content is extremely low compared to the conventional method, and the organic concentration is high, which is very advantageous. The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, 1 wood chip (white birch) was placed in the reactor 7.
00℃ is filled, and the thermometers T3, T4, T5, and T6 at the upper positions of receivers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 160℃ and 120℃, respectively.
Heater 10 so that qC, 10 bi○, 70 qo
and controls coolers 12 and 13 (cooler 12 has a
After the temperature of each condensate outlet stabilized at the set temperature, 500oo
The reactor 7 was immersed in the fluid heat medium 9 of ', and thermal decomposition was performed.

The generated pyrolysis gas and steam passed through the temperature-controlled path pipe 20, and a condensation phenomenon was observed in the receivers 1 to 6, and the product liquid was accumulated in each receiver. Visually, the properties of the condensate were as follows: Receiver 1 contained a black and colored tar-like substance, Receiver 2 contained a soft tar-like substance containing part of a pale yellow transparent liquid, and Receiver 3 contained part of a tar-like substance. Receiver 4 contains a slightly cloudy pale yellow transparent liquid, Receiver 5 contains the largest volume of pale yellow white turbid liquid, Receiver 6 contains the smallest volume and is clear with a good aroma. A pale yellow liquid was confirmed.

The measurement results of the calorific value of each condensate using a pump calorimeter are as follows: 560 cal/al/night for Receiver 1, 460 cal/night for Receiver 2, 380 cal/night for Receiver 3, and 2800 cal/night for Receiver 4. In the evening, 100ca for the same 5
1/evening, and 6 was 200 ratio al'evening. Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the calorific value of the distillate obtained by thermally decomposing wood and the temperature of the fluid heat carrier when the temperature of the fluid heat carrier is in the range of 325qo to 530q0. is the number of the condensate outlet. From this graph, it is clear that most of the water contained in the wood pyrolysis liquid concentrates in the receiver 5, and that the present invention can easily separate a flammable liquid of 400 specific al/ta or more in the condensation process of pyrolysis. It is. In addition, when wood is thermally decomposed at 400 qo or more, the condensate obtained in receivers 1 to 3 is 3000 cal'
Since the receiver 5 is a liquid with almost no calorific value, most of it is considered to be water.

The calorific value in the receivers 4 and 6 is 1,500 to 2,800 cal, and although it is assumed that water is mixed in, the calorific value is about the same or slightly higher than the calorific value of the recovered liquid by the conventional method. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the density of condensates 1 to 5 shown in FIG. 2 and the thermal decomposition temperature, with the density of 1 being the highest and the density of 1.
23 evening/Mede 5 is closest to the water 1.02~1.05 evening/
It is the earth.

The other condensate from which water was roughly separated had a higher calorific value than conventional wood pyrolysis liquid, and a cellulose-based pyrolysis liquid that could be combusted as it was was obtained.

In addition, the thermal decomposition solution of cellulose materials produced by conventional methods has a high water content, making it difficult to remove, and is unstable due to the contamination of many organic substances. It is clear that the condensation temperature separate fraction obtained by the present invention cannot be obtained by distillation of cellulosic pyrolysis liquid by conventional methods, and is also advantageous as a raw material for chemicals.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a vertical fractionator as an example of the present invention, and FIG.
Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a graph showing the relationship between the thermal decomposition temperature of wood and the calorific value of each condensate obtained in the present invention.
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing a graph representing the density of each effluent. 1-6... Receiver. 7...Reactor. 9... Sample. 10... Heater. 12,13...Cooler. 20...Route pipe. L~T6...Thermometer. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A fluid heat transfer medium is accommodated in a container, a reactor containing wood is immersed in the fluid heat transfer medium, and the reactor has a plurality of path pipes communicating with each other for extracting the products produced in the reactor. At the same time, a heating heater and a cooler are arranged in order from the reactor side on the outside of the route pipe, and an outlet for taking out the condensed liquid is provided in the chamber in the route pipe. A device for producing liquid fuel by pyrolyzing wood.