JPS6014982B2 - solar heating system - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a system that utilizes solar heat for heating.

As is well known, the principle of a system that uses solar heat for heating is
A variety of systems have been devised to utilize solar heat for heating by converting sunlight into photothermal heat, transporting and storing thermal energy using hot soot, and heating the air or water through thermal convection and thermal fin radiation. However, no economically viable system has been found, and it has not come into general use.

The present invention aims to provide a system that can utilize solar heat economically at low cost by improving the system that utilizes solar heat for heating.

The solar heating system of the present invention consists of a solar heat collection system and a solar heating system. A cluster consisting of a large number of metal cylindrical cans filled with water as a heat storage soot and a large number of them housed in an insulating container, through which warm air produced by a solar hot air heater that houses a large number of metal cylinders passes through a first duct. The air is sent to the upper part of the heat exchanger, passes through this heat storage exchanger, and is then cooled. The air is then returned to the solar air heater from the lower part of the lid heater through a second duct, and the latter The solar heating system takes in the air to be heated in the room to be heated by switching a switching valve such as a three-way valve connected to the first duct and sends it to the upper part of the heat storage exchanger through the same duct. The system is configured so that the hot air heated by passing through the exchanger is sent to the heating object through the second duct by switching a switching valve such as a three-way valve installed in the second duct. .

One major feature of the system of the present invention is that the relationship between the air paths in the solar heat collection system and the solar heating system can be mutually switched by switching valves in each duct.
The first duct, the heat storage exchanger, and the second duct are combined in a common parallel flow type.

In general, there are counter-current, parallel-flow, and cross-flow types depending on the relationship between the air path for extracting heat from the heat storage exchanger and the air path for storing heat.The counter-current type is generally used because it can obtain high-temperature air. ing.

In addition, the parallel flow type has a problem that the heat storage exchanger has a large heat capacity and can be used, but the temperature of the air used is low, whereas the cross flow type has properties intermediate between the two. Generally, when heating a house, the house is warmed by the sunlight during the day at the beginning of the night, so less heating energy is required.If a countercurrent type is adopted here, high-temperature air is likely to be wasted, and Although the flow type allows the temperature to remain low until late at night, it has the advantage of being able to be used for long periods of time as heating without having to gradually lower the temperature of the hot air, which is the case with the counterflow type.

In this way, according to the system of the present invention, the function of the heat exchanger is a so-called parallel flow type, in which the hot air coming from the solar air heater during daytime heat storage and the room being heated during heating are used. Since the air coming from the fan is switched by the three-way valve at the fan inlet, the hot air leaving the heat storage exchanger during heating is almost the same from the beginning to the end of the heating period, and the air heated during heating is changed from the air heated during heating to the temperature during storage. Compared to a countercurrent heat storage exchanger that is configured to send air from the discharge port and discharge from the suction port, the temperature of the hot air at the start of heating does not rise, and the room being heated at this time of the year is still heated due to daytime heat generation. Since it does not require much heat energy, it is also excellent from the standpoint of energy saving. Another major feature of the system of the present invention is that when the hot air produced by the solar hot air heater is sent to the heat storage exchanger, it is introduced from the top of the heat storage exchanger, sent downward through the heat storage exchanger, and then exited from the bottom. That is what we are doing.

There is also a method of feeding hot air into the heat storage exchanger described above by sending it upward from below, but in this method, due to the upward nature of the hot air, the hot air passes through the path that is easiest to pass through the heat storage exchanger. There is a risk that some parts will not be used at all, and the efficiency of the heat storage exchanger (the ratio of the part that can be used as heat storage capacity to the total volume) will decrease, leaving unnecessary parts.

On the other hand, if the hot air is sent downward from above as in the system of the present invention, extra energy will be added to the fan as power because it will counter the upward force of the hot air, but the heat storage exchanger will be fully utilized and the efficiency will be lower. good. In addition, in the method of sending hot air upward from below during the period of storing heat after storing it in a heat storage exchanger, there is a high temperature part at the bottom of the heat storage exchanger, and the heat from the bottom rises as warm air, and the air above However, when the heat is sent downward from above the heat storage exchanger as in the system of the present invention, there is a high temperature area above the heat storage exchanger, and such averaging does not occur. There are also advantages.

Also, in the system of the present invention, which blows hot air downward from above the heat storage exchanger, unlike the case of the upward method, there is no averaging within the heat storage exchanger, so it is necessary to provide a blower outlet in the middle stage of the heat storage exchanger for heating. A practical advantage is obtained that the heat in the upper part can be extracted even after a separate arrangement and long-term heat storage. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in order to make the present invention more concrete.

1 is a solar air heater, which heats the air using solar heat.

The produced hot air passes through the first duct 2, is sucked by the fan 3, and is sent out to the first duct 4. In the heat storage exchanger 5, the heat energy of the hot air is passed through the hot soot (water) container 6. The cooled air turns into hot soot and returns to the hot air heater 1 through the second duct 7. 8 is the three-way valve at the fan suction port,
Reference numeral 9 is a three-way valve located at the heat storage exchanger discharge port, and by switching between the two, the air passage path is to suck air from the room to be heated, pass through the fan, be heated by the heat storage exchanger, and turn the hot air into a heating system. I will send you to the room where you will be.

The system configuration in the embodiment of the present invention is as described above, but in order to utilize this system economically, the system components are created as follows.

As the solar hot air heater 1, a cardboard box is covered with two sheets of PVC film, and a material such as a dead branch is inserted between the two sheets of film to prevent them from adhering to each other.

Inside this box, the top and bottom lids of empty juice cans and other empty cans have been removed, and in order to efficiently convert sunlight into solar heat, manganese dioxide from waste dry batteries is coated with cheap adhesive. Stack. The duct 2 is made by inserting a cardboard cylinder into a tube made of PVC or polyethylene film (especially when used outdoors, cover it with a tube with a slightly larger diameter [made of PVC or polyethylene film stapled together]). layer cylinder). For fan 3, use a fan that is not used in winter by wrapping it in PVC or polyethylene film.The standard type is 30.
~60 W/hr) or use an exhaust fan (100~1000 W/hr).

As the heat storage exchanger 4, water is poured into an empty juice can, etc., and the adhesive-coated wrapping paper, aluminum sheet, etc. is cut and sealed as appropriate, and a large number of pores are formed in the bottom plate of the corrugated paper used for transporting the juice can. Store them side by side in perforated containers, wrap the outside of the stack with polyethylene garbage bags, and tie strings at each level to prevent air from short-circuiting.

Alternatively, a so-called packed tower, in which empty cans containing water are randomly housed in a suitable box, may be used.

All of these system components are inexpensive or can be salvaged from waste. From a sanitary standpoint, empty cans containing water should be washed with water after being sealed.

Cardboard boxes and plastic films are household items and require no special treatment. By using this heat storage exchanger, there is no need for a so-called fan coil unit that produces hot air from hot water, and the heat storage exchanger itself works as a heat exchanger, and when combined with a fan, it functions as a fan coil unit. Motsu.

In addition, the heat storage exchanger is constructed from a cardboard transport box (with a built-in empty water canister), and no insulation material is used. It can be used for heating purposes. The duct is made by inserting a cardboard tube into a PVC (or polyethylene) film tube.The PVC film tube is airtight and water resistant, and the corrugated paper is used to maintain the shape of the duct and provide insulation. , it can be fully used outdoors. Especially in cold regions, cover with a PVC film, but this doesn't need to be particularly airtight, so just staple it on. Unlike water heaters, solar air heaters have no risk of freezing, so they do not require any anti-freezing measures even if placed outdoors during the winter.

Hot air heaters require a two-layer transparent film cover, and when using plastic film, some kind of sluice is inserted between them to prevent the two layers from softening and settling due to solar heat. . Manganese dioxide is used for photothermal conversion of sunlight, but this is an inexpensive material, and the adhesive used is a hard-beam emulsion, but there are no standards for adhesives that are exposed to sunlight and solar heat. It is an inexpensive and practical material.

The most effective surface for applying manganese dioxide, which is a photothermal converting soot substance, is a sag made of aluminum wire, but it is expensive, and a cylinder made from an empty juice can with the top and bottom removed is almost equally effective. , used from an economic point of view.

In addition, wooden boxes, iron boxes (
A cardboard box (along with insulation) is also used, but a cardboard box is inserted into a garbage plastic bag (colorless and transparent), with appropriate air inlets and outlets attached, and is used as a disposable bag until damaged, and then used once for packaging. The most economical option is to use recycled waste cardboard boxes with some processing. A commercially available powerful exhaust fan is used as a dedicated fan, but the fan, which is not used in winter, is covered with a film bag made of PVC, polyethylene, etc., and a cardboard cylinder is punched through the film as an air inlet in the motor part and an air outlet in the center of the front. It is practical to attach a string to the hole (for 6 tatami mats or less).

A three-way valve is made by punching holes in the two corners of a PVC or polyethylene film bag, inserting a cardboard cylinder (with a closed part in the center of the cylinder with approximately the same diameter as the cylinder diameter) passing through the holes, and securing it with a string. .

Furthermore, by inserting a cardboard cylinder into the opening of the bag and tightening it with a string, inserting an empty can that fits into the cylinder that has passed through the front, a three-way valve function can be obtained by moving the empty can, which is extremely inexpensive. be. Although we have described the cheapest handmade solar heating system above, it goes without saying that each element of the system with the same function can be manufactured using virgin materials.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawing is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the solar heating system of the present invention. 1... Solar air heater, 2, 4... First duct, 3
・・・・・・Fan, 5... Heat storage exchanger, 6...
...Soot, 7...Second duct, 8,9...
...Three-way valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Warm air produced by a solar hot air heater, which comprises a number of metal cylinders coated with manganese dioxide as a light-to-heat conversion medium, housed in a heat-insulating container whose upper surface is covered with a two-layer transparent film. , the first
The air is sent through a duct to the upper part of a heat storage exchanger, which is made up of a number of metal cylindrical cans filled with water as a heat storage medium and housed in an insulating container. A solar heat collection system returns the heat from the lower part of the heat storage exchanger to the solar air heater through a second duct, and a switching valve installed in the first duct takes air to be heated through the duct. The air to be heated after passing through the heat storage exchanger is sent to the upper part of the heat storage exchanger.
The solar heat collection system and the solar heat heating system have a solar heat collection system and a solar heat heating system in which air is flowed in parallel at the heat storage exchanger by switching a switching valve installed in the duct. A solar heating system characterized by being combined in a formula. 2. The solar heating system according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage exchanger is provided with an outlet in the middle stage thereof that can take out the heat stored in the heat storage exchanger. 3. The solar heating system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insulating container is made of corrugated paper.