JPS6019372B2 - Method and device for constructing foundations for underwater structures such as caissons - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for constructing a foundation for an underwater structure such as a caisson and its refitting.

In the first place, the underwater bottom where underwater structures such as caissons should be constructed should be strengthened by appropriate reinforcement work, and then coarse stones are scattered at the construction site to make it almost flat.
Furthermore, by dropping medium-sized stones to flatten the intermediate layer, and then creating a horizontal surface layer with sand on top of it, an evenly accurate horizontal surface bearing capacity is imparted to the lower surface of underwater structures such as caissons. , it is necessary to allow the underwater construct to remain upright.

Conventionally, when creating the horizontal surface layer of sandy beaches described above, a reef transport vessel was guided to the construction area, and after the sandy shores were deposited on top of the intermediate layer described above, divers went to the bottom of the water and He was leveling the sand wisteria.

Therefore, the scattering efficiency of sunken rocks is poor, and not only is the required amount of stones excessive, but also the density of scattering is uneven, requiring a great deal of labor to flatten the stones.
Both the number of man-hours required for diving increased, and the difficulty of diving increased rapidly as the depth of construction increased, reducing working time efficiency, and creating a horizontal surface layer using a sand machine required a large amount of expense.

Recently, in order to eliminate the problems with the conventional construction methods mentioned above, methods have been developed to flatten the horizontal surface layer of sand by using an underwater pull dozer and by lowering the sand barge to the bottom of the water. A method of scraping and flattening the top surface while dumping has been proposed, but the former,
In other words, the method of using an underwater bulldozer has the disadvantage that not only is there a limit in the performance of the underwater bulldozer when the depth of the construction site is deep, but also the accuracy of the flatness of the top surface of the foundation and the depth level is poor. The latter method, that is, using a sediment barge, requires the use of spuds to suppress the reaction force during scraper work, but in the intermediate report mentioned above, the rock mass is large, so the spud absorbs the reaction force during scraper work. Currently, there are problems such as difficulty in securing the ability to do so. The present invention has been achieved as a result of studies to solve the above-mentioned problems.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing foundations for underwater structures, which is capable of transporting the necessary sandy shores and moving the required amount of sand machines to predetermined locations without being affected by wind waves, tide level fluctuations, etc. Dropping and scraping of the top surface of the dumped sand can be carried out continuously, and the unit horizontal surface layer and flat surface layer can be easily and highly efficiently scraped at the required points on the water bottom without being affected by the water depth of the created water area using a sand machine. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for constructing foundations for underwater structures such as caissons, which are capable of constructing a horizontal surface layer.

The unique feature of this method is that after a barge with a sand rock filling frame equipped with a scraper is lowered horizontally from a barge to a desired location on the water bottom, the hanging rope is loosened and the sand The rock filling frame is prevented from swinging, and then the sand rock is filled from the barge through the sand reef supply bag into the sand rock filling frame, and the top surface is automatically scraped and flattened by the scraper. While it is possible to easily create a unit horizontal surface layer with a trapezoidal cross-section at a desired location on the water bottom by pulling up this filling frame, it is not possible to create a horizontal surface layer of the required area with only the above-mentioned unit horizontal surface layer. If this is not possible, move the sand machine filling frame equipped with the above-mentioned scraper together with the barge and repeat the above-mentioned operations to arrange the unit horizontal surface layers in close proximity to each other, and then fill the sand The frame was replaced with a compensating frame between unit horizontal surface layers configured so that the scraper could move along the bottom surface of the filling frame, and a sand machine was installed between each unit horizontal surface layer in the same manner as in creating the unit horizontal surface layer described above. By filling the container and scraping the upper surface with the scraper, a flat horizontal surface layer of a desired area can be easily created.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method and apparatus for constructing foundations for underwater structures such as caissons according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, to explain the equipment used to carry out the method for constructing foundations for underwater structures according to the present invention, E in the figure is the equipment for constructing foundations for underwater structures such as caissons according to the embodiment of the present invention, which is located at the center of the deck 3a. A retractable sand reef supply device G is movably suspended in the closed portion 3b opened in the longitudinal direction, and a required amount of sand rock can be supplied to the sand reef supply device G. Twin 8 with a sandy shore loading device F installed
It is made up of a barge 3 and a sandy shore filling frame 6 which is suspended from the barge 3 so as to be movable up and down, and to which a scraper 14 is movably attached.

To explain in more detail the structure of the above-described foundation construction equipment E for underwater structures, reference numeral 1 is an anchor rope that is attached to a mooring winch 2 provided at each corner of a barge 3. By driving the mooring winch 2 as a lever, the barge 3 is moved in a desired direction, and
It has become possible for it to flourish.

The sandy shore loading device F has cut gates 27 each equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 29 arranged in a row below both slope side plates 28, and by opening the cut gates 27 as necessary, the above-mentioned The sandy beach can be supplied to the sandy beach supply device G.

The sand edge supply device G is movably suspended on rails 3c laid on both sides of an opening 3b opened in the longitudinal direction at the center of the deck 3a of the barge 3. The telescopic base 21 is equipped with a trumpet stand 21' with a large entrance at the top, and a base square tube 2 with a rectangular cross section at the bottom.
2 is installed as a shield so as to hang down through the gateway 3b of the deck 3a.

On the lower side of the root square tube 22, a second stage angle joint 22' with a slightly larger similar cross section is inlaid with iron. It is provided so as to be locked at the end. A third stage square tube 22'' is further extrapolated below the second stage square tube 22', creating several stages of telescopic angle nodes 23, and four wires are connected to the four corners of the lowest stage square tube. 1. By winding the rope 24 synchronously by the four take-up winches 25 on the telescopic base 21, the telescopic rectangular tube 23 is expanded and contracted, and its lower end entrance 23' is placed on the reef filling frame 6. The depth is set to an appropriate height and the take-up winch 25 is braked.The set depth is determined by the cumulative number of revolutions of the take-up winch 25.The wire rope 24 can be wound up and the tip end gate 23' can be pulled up and folded. , then telescopic square tube 2
3 is polymerized. After extending the telescopic rectangular tube 23 to an appropriate depth, the telescopic base 21 is advanced one after another by a fixed length, and at each stopping point, the sand machine supply equipment F located directly above the trumpet table 21' is cut. After the game 27 is opened synchronously and sand rocks are filled into the sand machine filling frame 6 one by one, the scraper 14 is forcibly moved from one end of the sand machine filling frame 6 to perform leveling. The sand machine filling frame 6 has a rectangular outer part with a keyed bottom, and the side walls 7 covering all four sides form a sand prevention enclosure, and the sand machine is injected into the frame to level the top surface and perform sanding.
This is intended to create a unit horizontal surface layer 20 with a horizontal top surface, and the longitudinal side walls 7 are moved by a horizontal machine 7' against the internal pressure of the poured sand rock.
It is reinforced by

A skirt frame 8 which is one size larger is loosely attached to the lower side of the outer shell of the sand machine filling frame 6, and the inner wall of the skirt frame 8 fills the gap between the uneven surface of the water bottom and the bottom surface of the filling frame 6. 8' is closed to prevent sand leakage from below the hem. The skirt frame 8 is inserted into the filling frame 6, and when the filling frame 6 is lifted, the skirt frame 8 is locked around the entire circumference and lifted. A vertical section steel 9 is attached to the upper edge of the longitudinal side wall 7, and two guide wheels 10 are mounted on each side, and a frame 11 with its axle firmly installed extends over the filling frame 6 over its entire longitudinal length. It is set up so that you can drive along it.

That is, the frame 11 is connected to both ends of the winding link chain 12, and the winding chain wheel device 1 is built in at both ends of the winding chain 12.
'3 is driven in both directions by lubricating the oil motor 13' and pulls the frame 11. A scraper 14 having a blade 14' is mechanically fixed to the frame 11, and the scraper 14 can be moved in the longitudinal direction along the upper surface of the sand gauge filling frame 6 by driving the oil motor. It is set as.

When each unit horizontal surface layer 20 is arranged in a row, if the valleys 20' formed between each unit horizontal surface layer 20 are to be filled with sandy rocks and leveled, a sandy rock filling frame 6 may be replaced with a sandy rocky shore filling frame 6. Figures 6 to 8
A unit horizontal interlayer compensation frame 6' shown in the figure is used.

As shown in the figure, the structure of this unit horizontal surface layer compensation frame 6' is almost the same as the sand machine filling frame 6 described above, but in the case of the unit horizontal surface layer compensation frame 6', the valley 20' is filled with sand rocks After reclamation, unit horizontal surface layer 2 whose upper surface is adjacent
Since it is necessary to level the surface so as to match the upper surface of 0, the scraper 14 is configured to be movable along the lower surface of the compensation frame 6'.

That is, the bottom of the compensation frame 6' has a bottom plate A as shown in the figure, and a rectangular notch opening wider than the inside of the valley 20' is formed in the center of the bottom plate A, and the scraper 14 is movable in the longitudinal direction along the upper surface of the bottom plate A. Of course, this filling frame 6' is not provided with the skirt 8 unlike the filling frame 6. There are four hydraulically operated chests 16 vertically downward in the four corner pillars of the filling frame 6.
is installed. By injecting low-pressure oil into the head side of a built-in hydraulic cylinder 16', the leg 16 is made to protrude and land on the bottom of the water, and can maintain its zero height. In this case, it goes without saying that the thrust force generated by the unit leg 16 due to the low pressure oil takes a value smaller than the weight value shared by each unit leg. Further, a pilot check valve 17 and a choke valve 17' are directly connected to each held side of the hydraulic cylinder 16'.
The extended leg is maintained in that position until it stops due to resistance to implantation. Next, when the wire and rope 5 are operated to position the filling frame 6 with specified depth and horizontality, the legs of the filling frame 6 are fixed in that position. Therefore, in order to prevent the zero influence of the floating and sinking of the barge when loading the sand machine, the filling frame 6 can be maintained horizontally at a predetermined height even if the suspension wire 1/rope 5 is loosened. Supply BE to oil motor 3' and cylinder 16'
Oil is supplied from a hydraulic unit 18 on the deck 3a of the barge 3 via a hydraulic hose 19. Next, using the above-mentioned foundation construction equipment E for underwater structures, unit horizontal surface layer 20 having a trapezoidal cross section and a flat upper surface and this unit horizontal surface layer 20 are arranged in a row at required locations on the water bottom to form the required area. The process of creating horizontal skin C will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.

'1' First, create a foundation for an underwater structure. If necessary, perform appropriate reinforcement work on the bottom of the water area to strengthen its strength, and then scatter coarse stones at the construction site to create the coarse stone layer A. Then, a medium layer B is created by dropping medium stones on top of it, and the barge 3 is moved to the water area above this medium layer B, and the sand machine filling frame 6 is sunk into the seabed. It landed on the bottom, measured and recorded its depth and slope from the unwinding length of the wire rope 5 of the frame hoisting winch 4 of the sandy shore filling frame 6,
The depth is determined from the recorded value. '21 In that case, if the surface is extremely uneven, the sand machine filling frame 6 is pulled horizontally to temporarily level the ground, and the extremely uneven surface of the existing intermediate machine layer B is corrected.

{3} The barge 3 is moved to the caisson installation starting point and the filling frame 6 is horizontally lowered to a preset depth.

The movement and positioning of the barge 3 is performed by the mooring winch 2 extending and retracting, and the sinking depth of the filling frame 6 is set by the synchronous operation of the frame hoisting winch 4. '4) The lowered filling frame 6 is brought to the bottom by hydraulically actuated chests 16 installed at the four corners.

This leg 16 is provided with a hydraulic locking mechanism to maintain a specified depth. After landing on the bottom using the legs 16, the hanging rope 5 is loosened to avoid the influence of the hull movement. Further, the skirt 8, which is made of iron on the outside of the filling frame 6, slides under its own weight and comes into contact with the sea surface, fills the gap between the filling frame 6 and the foundation surface due to seabed irregularities, and prevents leakage of the loaded sand rock. The telescopic base 21 of the sand machine supply device G, which moves longitudinally through the center of the barge 3, is set at the starting point at the rear end of the running section, and is suspended from the four wire ropes 24 from above the telescopic base 21. The telescopic square tube 23 is pulled out and lowered to above the starting point on the filling frame 6.

'6' Open the first gate of the sand beach loading device F and discharge the sand machine into the filling frame 6 through the telescopic square pipe 23 of the sand beach supply device G.
Spread it.

The telescopic base 21 is sequentially moved step by step to the 2nd gate, the 3rd gate, and the final gate to discharge and scatter the sand in an amount sufficient to fill the filling frame 6 with sand.

'7'Next, the scraper 14, which had been kept on standby in the filling frame 6, is moved along the top of the filling frame 6 by the hydraulic motor 13'.
The sandy rock is leveled at the top of the filling frame 6 so that it becomes flat.

'8' After leveling, tension is applied to the lifting rope 5, and after the chest is retracted, the lifting rope 5 is reeled in and the filling frame 6 is lifted up. The ridgeline collapses and has a trapezoidal cross section with a diagonal slope serving as an angle of repose, and a unit horizontal surface layer 20 with a flat upper surface is created.

[9} In the next step, the barge 3 is moved next to this unit horizontal surface layer 20 at regular intervals, and the work from the barge 3 is repeated.

As a result of this work, unit horizontal surface layers 20 of 30 lengths in the longitudinal direction and 5 layers in the middle direction of the barge 3 are arranged in rows at regular intervals. 0
0 Next, the sandy shore filling frame 6 is replaced with the unit horizontal surface interlayer compensation frame 6', which is configured so that the scraper 14 can move along the lower surface of the filling frame.

Although this exchange is performed at the bottom of the water in this embodiment, it is of course possible to pull up the filling frame 6 and perform it above the water. (11) The inter-unit horizontal surface layer compensating frame 6' is lowered, and the barge 3 is moved laterally and held between each unit horizontal surface layer 20, that is, at the center of the valley 20'. (1
2) Set the telescopic square tube 23 in the same way as the filling frame 6, and spread the sand machine to fill the valley 20' with the scraper 14.
Level it with (13) Perform the work from (11) on all valleys to complete the leveling work.

(1 core) After all this work is completed, the compensation frame is pulled up and pulled into the twin 8s, and the telescopic square tube 23 is also lifted to its maximum limit, and the storage of the equipment is completed, completing the creation of the horizontal surface layer C of the required width. It is something to do.

In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the wire ropes 5 that move up and down the sandy beach filling frame 6 widen in angle upwards (Q angle on the vertical plane in the longitudinal direction, angle Q in the horizontal direction). 8 corners on a plane perpendicular to the direction) to prevent the sandy shore filling frame 6 from being displaced in the lateral direction due to lateral thrust caused by tidal currents or the like. The length L of the wire rope 5 to be inserted into the winding drum 4'
Therefore, the depth date of the sand machine filling frame 6 is obtained by H=L COS Q COS 8. Furthermore, by synchronizing all take-up winches 4 provided on the barge 3 and driving them in the same direction, the sand machine filling frame 6 can be raised and lowered while maintaining its horizontal position. Since the tension of the wire 1 and rope 5 on the side that landed first becomes 0, it is also possible to measure the nascent slope of the bottom surface of the water.

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, the sand machine filling frame equipped with a scraper is lowered horizontally from a barge to a desired location on the water bottom, and then the hanging rope is loosened to prevent wind and waves from being affected by fluctuations in the tide level, etc. Preventing the sandy shore filling frame from swaying due to the straw;
Next, the sand rock filling frame is filled with sand rock directly from the barge through the sand foundation supply bag, and its upper surface is automatically scraped and flattened by the scraper, and then the filling frame is pulled up. While it is possible to easily create a unit horizontal surface layer with a trapezoidal cross-section at a desired location on the water bottom, if the horizontal surface layer of the required area cannot be obtained using only the above-mentioned unit horizontal surface layer, a sand reef equipped with the above-mentioned scraper can be used. The filling frame is moved together with the barge, and the above-mentioned operations are repeated to arrange the unit horizontal surface layers close to each other in a row, and then the sand machine filling frame is moved with a scraper along the bottom surface of the filling frame. Replace the frame with a movable inter-unit horizontal surface layer filling frame, fill in sand between each unit horizontal surface layer in the same manner as in creating the unit horizontal surface layer described above, and scrape the top surface with the scraper. By doing so, a flat horizontal surface layer of a desired area can be easily created.

Therefore, the present invention is an all-in-one foundation construction device for underwater structures,
What's more, you can transport the necessary sandy shores and drop the required base of sandy shores to the designated locations without being affected by wind waves, tide level fluctuations, etc.
It is possible to continuously scrape the top surface of the sand dumping machine, and it is easy to scrape the top surface of the sand dumping machine without being affected by the water depth of the created water area.
Moreover, it is possible to create a unit horizontal surface layer and a flat horizontal surface layer using sandy rocks at the required locations on the water bottom with high efficiency, and at the same time, it is possible to almost eliminate diving work, drastically reducing the number of diving man-hours, and to reduce the amount of sandy rocks required. You can also save as much as you need.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective explanatory view of a foundation construction device for underwater structures such as a caisson according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS.
Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram explaining the process of creating a horizontal surface layer using this device, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram from the front, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram from the same side, and Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the unit horizontal at the bottom of the water. FIG. 5 is a plan view explanatory diagram showing a state in which the surface layers are arranged in rows; FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the unit horizontal inter-surface layer compensation frame, FIG. 7 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 8 is a front view thereof.

3... Barge, 3a... Deck of barge,
3b... Sekiguchi section provided on the barge, G...
Reef supplying device, F... Reef loading device, 6...
...Sand edge filling frame, 14...Scraper, 6
′...Unit horizontal interlayer compensation frame.

Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. After lowering the gravel filling frame equipped with a scraper horizontally from a barge to a desired location on the water bottom, the hanging rope is loosened and the sand and gravel filling frame is removed under the influence of wind waves, tide level fluctuations, etc. Then, the gravel filling frame is filled with gravel from the barge through the gravel supply device, and the top surface is automatically scraped and flattened by the scraper, and then the filling frame is By raising the
A unit horizontal surface layer with a trapezoidal cross section and a flat top surface is created at the required location on the water bottom, and the gravel filling frame equipped with the above-mentioned scraper is moved together with the barge, and the above operations are repeated to form a unit horizontal surface layer. After that, the sand and gravel filling frame was replaced with a unit horizontal surface interlayer compensation frame configured so that the scraper could move along the bottom surface of the filling frame, and the above-mentioned unit horizontal surface layer was created. Similarly, for an underwater structure such as a caisson, the flat horizontal surface layer is created by filling the space between each unit horizontal surface layer with gravel and scraping the upper surface with the scraper. Foundation construction method. 2. A barge having an opening facing the water surface on a deck, a sand and gravel supply device movably suspended from the opening of the barge and expandable and retractable in the vertical direction, and a gravel supply device installed on the barge to supply the sand and gravel. a sand and gravel loading device capable of supplying the required amount of sand and gravel to the feeding device, and a gravel filling frame having a scraper movably attached to the barge, or the scraper being movable along the lower surface of the filling frame. A foundation construction device for an underwater structure such as a caisson, characterized in that a unit horizontal interlayer compensation frame configured as above is suspended such that it can be raised and lowered freely.