JPS6022962B2 - steam generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for generating water vapor by introducing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from an injection head into a combustion chamber and combusting them therein, and in which a water injection port is provided in the combustion chamber. It concerns steam generators.

Such a steam generator is known from German Patent No. 1 301 821. In the combustion chamber of such a steam generator, as a rule, a propellant which cannot be completely condensed is combusted, and the combustion gases flow from the combustion chamber to the exhaust port. When water is injected into the combustion gas from a hole in the side wall of the combustion chamber provided along the flow path at the height of the conduit diameter section, the water evaporates due to the high temperature of the combustion gas. The high temperature steam obtained with this device is used in particular to drive an ejector for operating an altitude simulation device. Such rocket engine combustion chambers are also suitable for the generation of steam that can be used for fuel consumption.

In this case, it is a necessary condition that the gases emanating from the combustion chamber can be completely condensed, and there must be no combustion residual gases. This condition can be met very effectively by using hydrogen and oxygen distributed in stoichiometric proportions as combustion gases. That is, water is generated when complete combustion occurs. By adding water to the high-temperature combustion gas, the temperature of the combustion gas is simultaneously lowered, resulting in a temperature of about 900° C. suitable for turbine drive. The efficiency of such a combustion chamber is naturally increased because a favorable evaporation rate is obtained if the injected water is brought into contact with the hot combustion gases as evenly as possible.

An object of the present invention is to propose a steam generator that can extremely effectively utilize the thermal energy stored in high-temperature combustion gas.

The purpose of this invention is to arrange a tube assembly consisting of at least one tube in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber, and to extend the interior of each tube of this tube assembly toward the injection head by a wall. The cold water can flow through the first partial chamber by dividing it into a first partial chamber and a second partial chamber on the side opposite to the injection head, and by providing a cold water mochi joint conduit and a cold water discharge conduit in the first partial chamber. The present invention is characterized in that water can be injected into the combustion chamber through the second partial chamber by providing a water supply conduit in the second partial chamber and a hole on the side opposite to the injection head. This is accomplished by a steam generator like the one above.

With this configuration, especially when the pressure inside the combustion chamber is high,
Water can be introduced into the combustion gas over the entire diameter of the combustion chamber, and the pipes projecting into the combustion chamber can be sufficiently cooled by passing cold water through the injection head.

Preferably, the second partial chamber communicates with the cold water discharge conduit of the first partial chamber via a closable water supply conduit.

In this case, the heated water used to cool the pipes can be used as water injection. In yet another embodiment, a plurality of tubes can be combined to form a capillary body, leaving spaces between the individual tubes for the combustion gases to flow through.

For example, the tube assembly can consist of two tubes orthogonal to each other, or three tubes converging at the combustion center and offset by 1200 degrees each. It is also possible for the tube assembly to consist of parallel tubes and orthogonal tubes. Preferably, the injection head is provided with an injection plate made of a competitively bonded metal, and the injection plate is configured such that the oxygen injection conduit and, if necessary, the water injection conduit pass through the injection plate, and the injection plate connects the hydrogen supply conduit and the lotus. A suitable injection head cavity is closed off to the combustion chamber.

That is, with this configuration, hydrogen is introduced into the combustion chamber extremely evenly over the entire cross section of the combustion chamber, and the combustion gases are thoroughly mixed. The gas cushion formed by the combustion plate also serves as insulation. That is, the injection plate is isolated from high-temperature combustion gas. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a steam generator, which includes a combustion chamber 1 surrounded by a casing 2. In FIG.

Preferably, the combustion chamber 1 has a circular cross section. The combustion chamber is closed at one end by an injection head 3 in which a hydrogen distribution chamber 5, connected to a line 4, and an oxygen distribution chamber 7, connected to a line 6, are formed. The two distribution chambers 5, 7 are each connected to the injection head 3 via an associated intake, so that hydrogen and oxygen from the distribution chambers can reach the combustion chamber. In the illustrated embodiment, the casing 2 is segmented,
That is, separate segments 8, 96, 10, 96, 12,
96 and 14 were connected in sequence.

Although such a configuration facilitates changing the configuration of the steam generator for experiments, it is not an essential condition for utilizing the combustion chamber, and for example, the casings may be configured as a pair. A pilot ignition chamber 15 is provided in the segment 8 adjacent to the injection head 3, which is in connection with the combustion chamber 1 and opens into a hydrogen supply conduit 16 and an oxygen supply conduit 17.

Furthermore, this pilot ignition electrode 18 is arranged. In FIG. 1, the combustion chamber is shown interrupted on the outlet side.

In this case, the combustion chamber can for example be closed into a turbine casing. When using the combustion chamber shown in Figure 1,
By supplementing water injection as described below, water must be added uniformly to the combustion gases to obtain good evaporation efficiency.

The pilot ignition chamber 15 also enables smooth starting of the combustion chamber.

It is possible to cause combustion in the pilot ignition chamber while supplying hydrogen and oxygen gas to the pilot ignition chamber, and at the same time suppress the supply of hydrogen and oxygen to the main combustion chamber. That is, the combustion gas flowing into the combustion chamber from the pilot ignition chamber ignites the gas within the combustion chamber, but no sudden pressure increase occurs that would damage the turbine following it on the output side. Immediately after combustion occurs in the combustion chamber, the gas supply to the combustion chamber is set to a standard flow rate to allow combustion to proceed throughout the entire area. Next, a system for water injection into combustion gases according to the invention will be explained according to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG.

FIG. 2 shows in a simplified manner 91 with a housing 92 and an injection head 93, to which hydrogen and its oxygen are supplied as reactant gases via conduits 94 and 95, respectively.
A cooling cavity 97 is formed in segment 96 of casing sog 92, into which cold water can be supplied via cold water supply conduits 98 and 99 (FIG. 3). The cooling cavity 97 is formed in the form of a circumferential annular channel and is in communication with a tube 100 passing diametrically through the combustion chamber 91 . This tube is divided by a dividing wall 101 into two subchambers 102 and 103. The first sub-chamber 102 communicates with the cooling cavity 97 and is provided with a cold water discharge conduit 104 at the opposite end. The other subchamber 103 is closed off to the cooling cavity 97 by an end plate 105 and is in communication with a water supply conduit 106 at the opposite end. The cold water discharge conduit 104 is connected to the water supply conduit 106 via a switching valve 107, which selectively allows the cold water discharge conduit to communicate with the water supply conduit 106 or a discharge pipe (not shown). The partial chamber 103 is brought into communication with the combustion chamber 91 by providing a plurality of holes 108 in the tube wall on the side opposite the injection head 93 . In use, the cold water entering the cooling cavity 97 via the cold water supply conduits 98 and 99 first cools the combustion chamber casing 92 and then flows at a higher rate than before due to the relatively small cross-sectional area of the partial chamber 102. The water flows through this part.

In this case, the tubes subjected to the action of the combustion gas can be cooled very effectively. All of the cold water coming out of the cold water discharge conduit 104 may be guided to the discharge pipe, but a part of it may also be made to flow into the partial chamber 103 through the water supply conduit 106 and injected into the combustion chamber 91 through the hole 108. good. In this case, since the injection is performed over the entire diameter of the combustion chamber, water can also be added to the combustion chamber near the axis of the combustion chamber. Although the above water injection system has been described using an example in which the tube assembly is constituted by a single tube 100 that diametrically penetrates the combustion chamber, the tube assembly may also be constituted by a plurality of tubes.

Various tube assembly embodiments are shown in simplified form in FIGS. 4-6. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the tube assembly consists of two tubes 110 and 11 extending diametrically through the combustion chamber orthogonally to each other.
In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the tube assembly consists of three tubes 120, 121, 122 that meet at the center of the combustion chamber and are offset from each other by 120 degrees. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the tube assembly consists of a number of mutually orthogonal tubes 130, between which gaps 131 are left through which the combustion gases can flow. In any tube assembly, the cooling effect must be enhanced by flowing cold water at a high velocity through the injection head side of the tube assembly. Injection takes place in the opposite direction, i.e. downstream. Each of the segments 96 is provided with such a water injection mechanism.

In this case, the spacing between the injection mechanisms can be gradually increased along the combustion chamber axis. This is because the temperature of the combustion gas decreases as liquid water is successively added, and therefore the evaporation process up to the next water injection mechanism becomes slow. FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the steam generator in a simplified manner.

In this embodiment as well, the combustion chamber 71 is surrounded by a casing 72 which includes a cold water conduit 73 . The injection head 74 has two cavities 75 and 76 that connect with an oxygen supply conduit 77 and a hydrogen supply conduit 78, respectively.

The cavity 76 close to the combustion chamber 71 is isolated from the combustion chamber by an injection plate 79 made of sintered metal. The injection plate is made, for example, from special steel balls under heat and pressure and is porous so that gaseous hydrogen can flow into the combustion chamber 71 from the cavity 76 . The bulkhead 8 separating the cavity 76 includes a tubular extension 81 having an oxygen injection conduit 82 consisting of an axial hole extending through the cavity 76 and the injection plate 79 into the combustion chamber 71 . This extension 81 allows oxygen to flow into the combustion chamber 71 . FIG. 8 shows this extension on an enlarged scale.
As can be seen, the oxygen introduced into the combustion chamber 71 by the extension mixes intimately with the hydrogen flowing through the porous injection plate 79 in the region of the introduction position, so that a very homogeneous mixture is created in the combustion chamber. can get. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, a pilot ignition chamber 83 is provided which is substantially similar to the pilot ignition chamber 15 in the embodiment of FIG.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a steam generator, Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a steam generator including a water injection pipe penetrating a combustion chamber, and Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Fig. 2. 4 is a partial sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a water injection tube assembly; FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 4 of a preferred embodiment of a water injection tube assembly; FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a water injection tube assembly; A partial cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4 of another preferred embodiment of the injection tube assembly, FIG. 7 a partial cross-sectional view of the injection head of the steam generator, and FIG. 8 the area indicated by B in FIG. It is an enlarged view of. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Combustion chamber, 2... Casing, 3... Injection head, 4... Conduit, 5... Hydrogen distribution chamber, 6... Conduit, 7.
...Oxygen distribution chamber, 8, 10, 12, 14... Segment, 15... Pilot ignition chamber, 16... Hydrogen supply conduit, 17... Oxygen supply conduit, 18... Ignition electrode,
71... Combustion chamber, 72... Casing, 73...
Cold water conduit, 74... Injection head, 75... 76... Cavity, 77... Oxygen supply conduit, 78... Hydrogen supply conduit, 79... Injection plate, 80... Partition wall, 81... extension,
82...Oxygen injection guideway, 91...Combustion chamber, 92...
・Casing, 93...Ejection head, 94, 95...
- Conduit, 96... Segment, 97... Cooling cavity, 98, 99... Cold water supply conduit, 100... Pipe, 1
01... Partition wall, 102, 103... Partial chamber, 104
...Cold water discharge pipe, 106...Water supply pipe, 107.
...Effective valve, 108...hole, 1 10, 111, 12
0,121,122,130...tube, 131...interval. IsaoFig. 2 Fig. 3 Fi9-muFi9.5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fi9.8

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A steam generator for generating water vapor, which can introduce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from an injection head into a combustion chamber and burn them therein, and has a water injection port in the combustion chamber. At least one tube 100; 110, 111; 120, 121, 1
22; 130 is arranged, and the inside of each tube of this tube assembly is separated by a wall 101 into a first partial chamber 102 on the injection head 93 side and a second partial chamber on the opposite side from the injection head 93. 103; the first partial chamber 102 is provided with cold water supply conduits 98, 99 and a cold water discharge pipe 104 so that cold water can flow through the first partial chamber; and the second partial chamber 103 is divided into for generating water vapor, characterized in that a hole 108 is provided in the water supply conduit 106 and on the side opposite to the injection head 93, so that water can be injected into the combustion chamber 91 via the second partial chamber. steam generator. 2. Steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the second partial chamber 103 is in communication with the cold water discharge conduit 104 of the first partial chamber 102 via a closable water supply conduit 106. 3. According to claim 1 or 2, the first partial chamber 102 is in communication with a cooling cavity 97 in the combustion chamber wall for introducing water into the first partial chamber. steam generator. 4 Multiple tubes 110, 111; 120, 122; 130
according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tube assembly is constructed by combining the tubes, leaving places between the individual tubes for combustion gases to flow through. steam generator. 5. Steam generator according to claim 4, characterized in that the tube assembly comprises two tubes 110, 111 that intersect each other at any angle. 6. A plurality of tubes 120 in which the tube assembly converges in the center of the combustion chamber, and each tube is sequentially offset by the same angle.
121, 122, the steam generator according to claim 4. 7. A steam generator according to claim 4, characterized in that the tube assembly comprises a plurality of parallel tubes 130 and a plurality of tubes 130 orthogonal thereto. 8. The injection head 74 includes a hydrogen gas permeable injection plate 79 made of sintered metal, through which the oxygen injection conduit 82 passes, and the injection plate 79 communicates with the hydrogen supply conduit 78. 8. A steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the head cavity 76 is closed to the combustion chamber 71.