JPS6028922B2 - Spinning equipment for multicomponent fibers - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for papering multicomponent fibers.

It is well known that polymer interlayer array fibers, generally referred to as sea-island fibers, are extremely useful, and that many new products using them are now on the market. The present invention relates to a polymer mutually arranged fiber, which is a kind of multi-component fiber, in which the component (island component) distributed in the pond component (sea component) has a special structure. This invention relates to a spinning device that is excellent for spinning. The purpose of the present invention is to simultaneously satisfy several requirements as described below.

{1) It is effective as a means for obtaining ultra-fine fibers and has good spinning stability.

A known method for making graded multi-component fibers is commonly called polymer blend kneading spinning or mixed grade yarn, which involves mixing beads or chips of two or more types of polymers, melting and kneading them, and then discharging them. There is a way to do it.

According to this method, ultrafine fibers of 0.01 d or less can be obtained relatively easily. However, this method does not stabilize the yarn quality due to factors such as polymer viscosity, viscosity ratio, polymer interfacial properties, mixing ratio, degree of mixing, spinning temperature, viscosity change due to degree of drying, shape of mixing kneading machine, shape of discharge nozzle, etc. This is a method that is extremely problematic for industrial production as it is highly influenced by On the other hand, as a method which is excellent in terms of spinning stability, there is a composite spinning method as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-1836. However, this method also has some drawbacks in terms of creating a large number of islands, especially multiple discharge holes, and miniaturizing the die to obtain ultrafine fibers. It is true that according to this method, by increasing the number of pipes, you can create 5 islands, 100 islands, etc.
Alternatively, even fibers with 1000 islands could be produced. However, as the number of islands increases, it becomes difficult to downsize the nozzle and increase the number of discharge holes. This is because the pressure drop that accompanies the flow of the polymer between the cap plates (the fluid pressure of the polymer decreases as it leaves the introduction part) must be taken into account. For example, as can be seen in the example of a method using pipes to flow one component into the space between the base plates where the pipes stand, the more pipes there are, the more they become an obstacle to the flow of the polymer, resulting in a drop in pressure. becomes larger. Furthermore, since the pipe occupies that much space, it becomes difficult to miniaturize the cap, which makes the pressure distribution of the polymer even more uneven. In this method, it is necessary to reduce the number of pipes as much as possible to ensure yarn stability.
There is a multi-island type multi-component fiber spinning apparatus as described in Japanese Patent No. 125718. However, even with this method, there is a limit to how many islands can be formed to obtain ultrafine fibers. The fiber produced by this method has a structure in which one component is divided into a plurality of islands by the pond component, but it is extremely difficult to increase the number of divisions to 10 or more due to the mechanism of the yarn machine. This is because even if one attempts to divide the polymer flow of one component into 10 or more components and flow them in combination with other components, the resulting divided flows will mechanically end up merging together.

Thus, the spinning stability is good, even if the number of pipes is reduced, and one island has more than 10 or more than 100 or 1000
If it were possible to create a super-multi-island system that is divided into even smaller parts, it could be called a revolutionary ultra-fine fiber spinning method.

'2) It is effective as a means to obtain a special form of fibers consisting of thin fibers made by gathering a large number of ultra-fine fibers and further comprising a plurality of thin fibers.

Up to now, many multicomponent fibers from which ultrafine fibers can be obtained have been proposed.

However, the ultrafine fibers obtained from these materials were merely a temporary collection of ultrafine fibers. A large number of ultra-fine fibers (more than 10, more than 100, or even more than 1,000) gather together to form a thin primary fiber,
To date, no fiber east has been known to have a structure in which many of these primary east groups come together to form a secondary east. Such fibers have a structure very similar to collagen fibers of natural leather, and are therefore extremely useful as fibers for various artificial leathers. In addition, many useful products with new properties can be made, and the uses of fibers can be further expanded. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for spinning multicomponent fibers that can simultaneously satisfy these requirements.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention has the following configuration.

That is, a multi-component fiber paper yarn device characterized by having at least one combination of the following mechanisms (1) to (2). ■ Mechanism for merging two or more polymer flows guided by a paper thread device ■
In the process in which the merged polymer flow is flowed from upstream to downstream, multiple units of "division → position movement → superposition" are repeated as one unit, and the polymer flow is subdivided in the flow direction, resulting in a polymer flow composed of many phases. A mechanism for forming a polymer flow■ A mechanism for distributing the fragmented flow into multiple parts and guiding it to the coating forming part or bonding formation part■ A mechanism for covering or pasting the guided fragmented flow with a sea component■ The present invention relates to a mechanism that receives the formed coating flow or bonding flow, converges it, and discharges it.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained based on the drawings.

Each drawing shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to such embodiment.

FIG. 1 is an example of a cross section of a fiber to be ejected from paper using the nozzle device of the present invention.

Both are cross-sectional views of fibers obtained by a three-fluid spinning method, and are usually composed of three components. But inside,
As described later, a three-fluid system is used, but one component of the island and the ocean component may be the same, or there may be two components. Here, it will be explained below as being composed of three components, 1, 2, and 3. The multicomponent fiber shown in FIG. 1 is composed of an island 1, an island 2, and a sea 3.

This island is completely different from conventional ones, in which one component stream 1 becomes extremely large (more than 10 or more than 100 or more than 100).
0 or more) and merges with pond component 2. Regarding the shape of such islands, in addition to those shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, there is an example in which islands 1 and 2 are stacked alternately in mica-like layers as shown in FIG. 1C. Of course, it is not limited to this. When the island/sea ratio is small, the island shape is approximately circular. However, as the ratio increases, the islands transform into a close-packed structure with an intervening ocean. In other words, it gradually becomes less rounded and becomes polygonal as shown in Figure 1d. However, the gist of the present invention remains unchanged. FIG. 1e shows a structure that further has a sea-island structure within the island.

In other words, in an island consisting of island 1 component and island 2 component, island 1
The components form islands (hereinafter referred to as island-within-island components). It has a structure in which two island components form a sea (hereinafter referred to as island-divided components), and within the island-in-island component, the same component as the island-divided component exists as an island. Figure 1 f shows island 1 component and island 2
The island consisting of the sea component 3 and the sea component 3 are combined, converged and discharged. In FIG. 1g, each group has islands with different degrees of weave. Figure 1 h'
It has a structure in which a part of the mashima component is exposed on the surface of the fiber. Note that the three components (1, 2, and 3 in the figure) do not necessarily mean that the polymer is composed of three types of polymers.

It is also possible to consider a mixture of two or more polymers as one component.

In this case, one type of polymer in the mixture may be the same as the polymers acting as other components. Also, as mentioned earlier,
One of the island components and the sea component may be the same.
FIG. 2i is a partially cutaway perspective view of a fiber spun into a spindle by the spinning device of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 and 2 indicate the island component, and 3 indicates the sea component. As can be seen from the figure, many island components are distributed in the sea component,
In general, the island component part may be exposed on the surface, or as shown in the figure, it may be buried inside without being exposed on the surface. Moreover, these island components are long in the fiber axis direction, and unlike chip blend kneaded yarn fibers and mixed spun fibers, the island components are not in the form of short fibers but in the form of substantially continuous filaments. Figure 2i is a partially cutaway perspective view of the island component;
In the figure, 1 is an ultra-fine fiber, and 2 is a dividing component in the island component (same as the above-mentioned island dividing component). As can be seen from the figure, the multicomponent fiber of the present invention contains a large number of ultrafine fibers 1 in the island splitting component 2, and the ultrafine fibers 1 are substantially continuous in the fiber axis direction in the form of filaments. Figure 3 shows a fiber east made of ultra-fine fibers obtained by dissolving and removing the sea component and island splitting component of the multi-component fiber of the present invention with a solvent. 10 or more 10
It has a structure in which 0 or more than 1000 bundles are gathered together to form a thin primary bundle, and many of these primary bundles are gathered together to form a secondary bundle.

The basic idea for producing fibers having the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is to first form a split composite flow k, as shown in FIG. 4, and then surround it with sea components.

In Figure 4, one sea covers one island,
You can surround multiple islands at once with the ocean. In this case, even if we say that one island is surrounded by the sea at the same time, it is easy to think of it by inserting an imaginary line in the sea that assumes that one island is covered by one sea, and that multiple islands are brought together and converged. , it is easy to understand that it is something that has been ejected. The bottle thread principle of the present invention will be explained based on the continuous thread device shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the spinning device. Flows of polymer A and polymer B, which are components of the island, meet at the inlet 4 of the dividing element 5 and are introduced into the dividing element 5. The confluence point does not have to be 4. Of course, it may be located further upstream. While polymer A and polymer B pass through the dividing element 5,
The process of "division → positional movement → superposition" is repeated to form a polymer flow consisting of a large number of subdivided phases in a direction parallel to the flow direction. Here, the dividing element 5 can be any known stationary dividing element that does not require any driving part. In other words, the ``Static Mixer'' by Kenix Corporation of the United States, ``Scare Mixer'' by Sakura Seisakusho, ``Scare Mixer'' by Tatsumi Industries, ``Honeycomb Mixer'' by Saha Special Machinery Industry ■, ``T. However, the invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that different types of stationary division elements may be combined and used. Since the flow of polymer A and polymer B is divided in a direction parallel to the flow direction by such a stationary dividing element, two-dimensional fine dispersion is inevitably achieved, and there is a substantial difference in the longitudinal direction. This results in an infinite streak-like form. In Fig. 5, the divided and finely divided flow is immediately guided to the hole 6, but the divided and finely divided flow is further guided to a wire mesh, a sand grain layer, a solid metal porous layer, or a porous layer with a honeycomb structure. may be passed through and then guided to the hole 6. FIG. 11 shows a class thread device having a mechanism for guiding the polymer flow divided and finely divided by the dividing element 5 to the rear hole 6 after passing through the wire mesh 22 and the sand grain layer 23. 24 indicates the yarn pack body.

There is no particular limitation on the number of dividing elements, but if it is less than four, the number of divisions of the flow will be small, and the number of divisions in the island component will also be small, making it difficult to obtain ultrafine fibers.

In addition, these dividing elements collectively form one flow path. Alternatively, two or more channels may be arranged in parallel, and the number of elements in all channels does not need to be the same. The polymer stream divided and finely divided by the dividing element 5 is guided to the holes 6 and distributed into a plurality of streams.

Furthermore, this distributed flow passes through the hole 7 and flows down inside the pipe 9,
The funnel-shaped portion 12 is reached. On the way to the funnel-shaped part 12, the distributed flow is coated with a sea component (polymer C) introduced from the space 10 into the circular part formed between the pipe 9 and the hole 11. Here, the annular portion defines the flow of the polymer C, making it possible to form a uniform covering flow between each hole. The covering flow reaches a funnel-shaped collecting section, where a plurality of them are collected, converged, and discharged from the discharge hole 13 as a single fiber.

The main function of the holes 6 provided in the hard plate is to distribute the divided and subdivided flow, but this is not necessarily necessary since the pipe 9 itself, which will be described later, also has a distribution function. However, it is often preferable to have a constriction in a part of the constriction (most preferably in the lowermost part) because the divided and subdivided flow can be more uniformly distributed. The hole 7 provided in the hard plate serves to connect the hole 6 and the pipe 9, and does not necessarily need to be provided. However, when the pipe 9 is fitted into a hard plate and set, it is often preferable to have the effect of preventing the pipe 9 from slipping upward. It is preferable to use a pipe 9 provided on the hard plate with steps 8 as shown in the figure to prevent the pipe from slipping downward. The method of setting the pipe is not particularly limited, and includes the fitting method, screwing, fusion, and adhesive method as shown in the figure. Of course, it may also be formed integrally with the hard board. A space 10 is partitioned between the hard plate in which the pipe 9 is fitted and the hard plate in which the hole 11 is formed.

The space 10 becomes a passage for the polymer (polymer C) which becomes the sea component. The route for introducing the polymer C into the space 10' is not particularly limited, and is therefore omitted in FIG. A pipe 9 is inserted into the hole 11, and an annular portion is formed between the hole 11 and the pipe 9. This annular part allows polymer C to
The fluid is regulated and the polymer passing through the pipe 9 is effectively wrapped. The above is the basis of the present invention.

However, on this basis many variations are possible which are included in the invention. I will mention some of them. The mechanism for creating a covering flow does not necessarily have to be an annular type as shown in FIG.

This part may be porous. Also, the gaps between the pipes have the effect of regulating the flow of polymer, so
The hole 11 into which the pipe 9 is inserted may not be divided into small sections as shown in FIG. 5, but may be a large hole that accepts the entire group of pipes.Furthermore, the funnel-shaped portion may be configured to directly receive the tips of the group of pipes. It is also possible to do so.
In addition, in the configuration as shown in FIG. 5, if the fluid regulation function of the annular portion is not further strengthened, it is preferable to provide a narrower portion in part of the hole 11.

Examples are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Figures 9 and 10
The figure is an enlarged view of the annular part, {a} is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, {
b' is a cross-sectional view. In FIG. 9, a portion of the hole is narrowed so that the pipe does not come into contact with the hole wall. In FIG. 10, a portion has come into contact with the hole wall. There are two methods for forming the narrow side portions, but it goes without saying that the specific shape thereof is not limited to those shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Such a narrow portion may be located anywhere in the hole, but it is preferably located near the entrance. The length of the pipe 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is long enough to form an annular portion with the hole 11.

However, if the pipe 9 is long enough to protrude into the funnel-shaped part 12, the pipe will often get in the way when removing the hard plate having the funnel-shaped part 12 for cleaning etc. is preferable. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, in place of at least some of the pipes 9, a pipe 14 having a cut 15 in the middle may be used.

The polymer C flowing into the pipe 14 through the cut 15 merges with the distributed flow flowing from above to form a combined flow and reach the funnel-shaped portion. In this case, the outer wall of the pipe 14 and the hole 11 are brought into close contact. Also, as shown in Figure 7,
The pipe 16 may be installed so that the tip 17 of the pipe 16 is located directly below the hole 6 with a slight gap.

A pipe 16 is inserted into the hole 18, and an annular portion is formed between the hole 18 and the pipe 16. A space 19 is partitioned between the hard plate in which the hole 18 is raised and the hard plate in which the other end of the pipe 16 is set. The space 19 becomes a passage for the polymer (polymer C) which becomes the sea component. The polymer C rises from the space 19 through the annular portion between the hole 18 and the pipe 16, meets with the distributed flow that has flowed down from the hole 16 at the tip 17 of the pipe 16, wraps it, and flows down inside the pipe 16 into a funnel-shaped state. down to the department. Alternatively, the tip 17 of the pipe 16 may be provided with a cut 20 or a small hole 21 as shown in FIG. In this case, the polymer C flows into the pipe 16 through the cut or the small hole, combines with the distribution flow, becomes a combined flow, and flows down to reach the funnel-shaped portion. A plurality of the composite flows that have reached the funnel-shaped portion in this way are collected, converged, and discharged as a single fiber from the discharge hole. The shape of each hole (including the discharge hole 13), the pipe, and the funnel-shaped part is most preferably round, but it does not have to be round, and it goes without saying that it can be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose of use. .

The same applies to the diameters of the holes and pipes. In the device of the present invention, a plurality of discharge holes 13 may be made to correspond to the dividing element 5 forming one flow path, or one of the dividing elements 5 may
One discharge hole 13 may correspond to a flow path, and this may be configured to have one flow path or two or more flow paths.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a spinning device of the present invention in which a plurality of discharge holes are made to correspond to one flow path of the dividing element 5. The apparatus of the present invention consists of one or more hard plates.

The number of hardboards is not limited. This can be made as a single piece according to need, or conversely, it can be made by stacking several divided hardboards. The action and effect are exhibited. FIG. 5 shows an example of a preferable degree of division.
From the viewpoint of ease of cleaning and processing, it can be said that a split type is preferable. There is no limitation to the overall shape of the cap device, and it may be cylindrical, prismatic, or other shapes.

Various materials can be used for hardboard.

Examples include various types of stainless steel such as SUS-32 and SUS-27, iron, titanium, glass, quartz, ceramic materials, gold, platinum, and special synthetic polymers. Of course, it is also possible to roughly combine two or more kinds of materials.

This spinneret can be used for all kinds of things such as melt spinning (including when grading large items such as guts that are immediately water-cooled), dry woven yarn, wet woven yarn, etc., and can be used for all known types of yarn, including polymers. Fiber-forming polymers can be used and various combinations can be selected. In the present invention, some of the islands may be single-component islands, bimetallic composite islands, or single-core composite islands.

The yarn thus obtained is drawn continuously or discontinuously several times as necessary to adjust its strength and elongation, or is further subjected to appropriate heat treatment or shaping to transform it into processed yarn, etc. Alternatively, it can be processed into knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, etc., and all conventionally known high-order processing techniques such as resin application, partial component removal, coating, dyeing, and chemical treatment can be applied.

Although the above description has been about fibers and their manufacturing equipment, it can also be applied to obtaining molded products other than fibers. For example, if it is a film, the shape of the discharge hole 13 may be changed, or an appropriate mold may be placed in the funnel-shaped part. By connecting, any molded product can be obtained, and the above-mentioned device is merely an example, and it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical fiber to be spun by the spinning apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of fibers threaded by the paper threading device of the present invention and island components of the fibers. FIG. 3 shows a fiber east made of ultra-fine fibers obtained by removing sea components and island split components from fibers spun by the spinning apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a mechanism in which one island component flow is covered with a sea component. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a spinning device according to the present invention. 6 and 7 are partial sectional views of the lower part of the spinning device according to the present invention, and show mechanisms that can be used in addition to the one shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the tip of the pipe 16 shown in FIG. 7, where A shows a cut and the opening shows a small hole. FIGS. 9 and 10 are enlarged views of the lower part of the weaving device according to the present invention, and are a vertical sectional view and a horizontal sectional view. 1st
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a paper yarn diamond layer according to the present invention. O figure next Z figure Shio 3 figure spear 4 figure next S figure evening 6 figure new figure outside figure 8 figure spear and horse figure Sai {o figure Goo figure

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A spinning device for multicomponent fibers, characterized by having at least one combination of the following mechanisms (1) to (5). (1) Mechanism for merging two or more polymer streams guided by a spinning device (2) In the process of flowing the merged polymer streams from upstream to downstream, there is a process of "splitting → position movement → overlapping".
A mechanism that repeats multiple units as one unit, subdivides the polymer flow in the flow direction, and forms a polymer flow consisting of many phases (3) The subdivided flow is distributed into a plurality of phases, Mechanism (4) leading to the forming section or bonding forming section
Mechanism (5) for covering or bonding the guided fragmentation flow with sea components; A mechanism for accepting the covering flow or bonding flow formed in (4), converging it, and discharging it.