JPS6031455B2 - Method for humidifying and pleating artificial casings for sausages - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Artificial sausage casings made of various materials such as regenerated cellulose and collagen have had widespread success as synthetic substitutes for natural casings in sausage processing.

In manufacturing these casings, the casings are extruded into a continuous tubular shape. For convenience of handling and transportation, artificial casings for sausages are manufactured from 40 to 200 feet (
The length ranges from about 12.2 to 61.0 arc inches and is pleated to a reduced length of several inches, such as from 4 to 30 inches. Extruded casings generally have a moisture content in the range of 10-14%.
Higher moisture content, e.g. 14-20% for regenerated cellulose casings and collagen casings, is required in order to pleat these casings and to utilize these casings for filling by meat processors. For 24-26% humidity,
casing is required. If the humidity content of the casing is lower than the above range, the casing is too brittle;
It may be crushed during pleating or stuffing. Description of the Prior Art In order to increase the green content of artificial casings for sausages so that they are easily crimped, the casing walls are sprayed with a stream of water and a separate stream of lubricant through a crimping body. It has been proposed to lubricate the casing in the pleating machine and at the same time humidify the artificial casing for sausages from within.

Humidification is also achieved by spraying water onto the shirring wheels or shirring belts and bringing these wheels or belts into contact with the outer surface of the casing. In these methods, it has also been proposed to add a wetting agent in a proportion of about 0.02 to 0.04% by weight of the solution in order to increase the rate of wetting of the casing. It has also been proposed to apply a coating to the inside of the regenerated cellulose sausage casing during the pleating process.

The coating used in this process is applied to the casing with the purpose of improving the ease with which the casing peels off from the sausage processed therein. The lubricant used in this process is
Aqueous emulsions of vegetable, mineral or paraffin oils.
It has also been proposed to humidify artificial sausage casings by spraying a mixture of water and lubricant onto the surface of the pleated casing after pleating.

The lubricant used in the mixture was an aqueous emulsion of vegetable, mineral or paraffin oil. Other methods have been shown to apply various coatings to the interior of regenerated cellulose artificial sausage casings by spraying a coating solution through a pleating bouncer.

The coating solution typically comprises about 0.2-2% by weight cetyl alcohol, acetylated monoglycerides of animal and vegetable fats, and C,6-C,8 aliphatic ketene monomonomers in a 12% aqueous glycerin solution. It contained mercury.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for humidifying sausage sausages by expanding an unshirred casing and passing it through a pleat machine.

Immediately prior to shirring, a moistening liquid consisting of a mixture of water and a relatively viscous surfactant with lubricating properties from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight is applied to the inside wall of the casing to cover the square inch of the casing. Approximately 0.015 to 0 per approximately 6.45c vertebrae)
．． The casing is humidified by applying the surfactant No. 15 of 9. The practice of the present invention produces an artificial casing for sausages that is less defective in terms of damage to the pleating bodyguard and that has fewer pinholes and is more resilient to prevent breakage during stuffing.

The casings moistened according to the invention can be shirred on conventional shirring machines without causing operational failures due to adhesion, which are often encountered when using aqueous emulsions of mineral and vegetable oils. The method of the present invention also provides a casing having a substantially uniform line content so that it does not "elongate" from its contracted condition immediately after removal from the mandrel. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As used herein, the term "synthetic casing for sausages" refers to a synthetic casing made of regenerated cellulose, a fibrous casing, such as a tube of long-fiber linen paper, containing viscose and These include those made by impregnation with regenerated cellulose, and synthetic casings formed from collagen, amylose, starch or alkinates.

The humidifying fluid for humidifying the casing is a substantially homogeneous mixture of water and a water-dispersible surfactant having lubricating properties.

By the term surfactant with lubricating properties, an interface can be absorbed on the casing wall surface such that when the casing passes over the shirring mandrel, the tearing force is absorbed, at least to a significant extent, by this surfactant. Indicates an activator. If the surfactant does not have sufficient lubricating properties, the casing will stick or stick to the shirring mandrel, making the machine susceptible to failure. The inability to operate due to this adhesion is noticeable, that is, per 10 reels, for example, 50,000
~60,000 feet (approximately 15.24 to 18.29 fences)
This is industrially undesirable because it occurs only once per session. The surfactant must be able to be hydrated by simple calculation in the absence of emulsifying agents.

It must also remain a stable dispersion when dispersed in water for at least 4 hours without decay.
As mentioned above, aqueous emulsions of lubricating oils have been used to lubricate the inner walls of artificial sausage casings as they slide across the mandrel, but these oil-based lubricants are Or, due to non-dispersibility, it is easy to prevent wetting of the casing by water. In order to avoid damage to the casing, it is essential to moisten the casing for the shortest available period between contact with the aqueous spray and contact with the shirring wheel. The moisture-loving surfactant of the present invention not only enhances wetting and spreading to rapidly humidify the casing, but also provides a thin, uniform lubrication layer on the surface of the casing to quickly slide across the pleating mandrel. Apply a coating of agent. Wetting agents that are surfactants do not inhibit wetting as is encountered with non-aqueous dispersible lubricants. Surfactants with lubricating properties are used in fluids with approximately 0.5 to
It is used in the moisturizing fluid in a proportion of 5% by weight.

The proportion of surfactants with lubricating properties is approximately 0.5% by weight
If less, insufficient surfactant is applied to the casing surface to adequately lubricate the casing for passage over the mandrel. In this respect, i.e., the amount of surfactant, even with lubrication, is approximately 1/20 of the amount required to achieve the desired lubrication properties for the shirring operation.
The present invention can be distinguished from the prior art, which was only added to the water at a rate of about 1'40 and sprayed onto the inner wall of the casing. However, most of the surfactants used in the prior art are for enhancing the humidification of the casing, ie for penetrating water into the casing wall, and not for lubrication. If the proportion of surfactant with lubricating properties exceeds about 5% by weight of the wetting fluid, there is a risk that too much surfactant will be deposited on the casing for an adequate amount of moisture.

This over-applying causes the pleated strands to become "stretched" or tack-free. “
"Stretching" means that the strand retains its reduced shape and expands after removal from the mandrel.

The pleats do not adhere at high amounts of surfactant and the strands can fall apart, ie the pleats do not adhere to each other and are difficult to handle without breaking. Damaged strands are difficult to use in high-speed automatic meat packing machines. In carrying out the invention, a surfactant with suitable lubricating properties is a fatty acid partial ester of sorbitol, especially sorbitan trioleate.

Sorbitan trioleate is a relatively viscous oily liquid and is, for example, a nonionic surfactant that is water-insoluble but water-dispersible. Since it is applied to the inner wall of the casing, 0
．． Combined with water in a proportion of 5 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.5% by weight, this surfactant is generally applied to the humidifying wall surface with a concentration of 9. /〆(approximately 6.45) exists. At this amount of surfactant,
The casing has remarkable physical properties. Sorbitan trioleate produces casings with fewer pinholes and higher fracture resistance than achieved with any other industrial process. Another benefit of surfactants is that the lubricity of sorbitan trioleate reduces the tendency for sausage casing shirring machines to run out of shirred casings from 50,000 to 60,000 feet. (kamatori) less than about once per time. This is considerably lower than that achieved with a casing moistened with water through the pleated mandrel using an aqueous emulsion of mineral or vegetable oil as the lubricating soot. Another benefit of sorbitan trioleate as a surfactant is to enhance the humidification of the casing in order to achieve superior flexibility by the time the casing reaches the shirring wheel.

As a result, compressing the casing into multiple pleats creates fewer pinholes. In fact, the frequency of pinholes encountered in the casings described above is significantly lower. The production of a casing that has no tendency to stretch after being shirred is coupled with the production of a casing with relatively few pinholes. The pleated strands can therefore be easily handled without being subject to breakage. Excellent results are achieved by misting the inner walls of the artificial casing with a mixture of water and surfactants, especially sorbitan trioleate, while adding additional wetting agents by air flow during pleating. That is sometimes desirable. Lubricants can also be domed on the external surfaces to reduce wear on the shirring wheels. Common lubricants for this application include acetylated monoglycerides and polyoxyethylene monoesters,
For example, vegetable oils and mineral oils in a mixture with polyethylene 400 monostearate. In pleating collagen casings, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to include a fatty acid partial ester of glycerin in a humidifying fluid containing a fatty acid partial ester of sorbitol.

Including glycerin fatty acid esters in the humidification fluid significantly reduces "liker failure" when the casing is used by meat processors. When the casings are filled, twisted, and tied by the meat processor, if the casings are not properly moisturized, tears may occur in the shoulders of the meat-filled casings during twisting to prepare sausage links. occurs. This phenomenon is referred to in conventional art as "tie failure" and if tie failure exceeds 2-3%, the casing is unusable. By using a mixture of fatty acid partial esters of glycerin and sorbitol, artificial casings for humidified sausages derived from animal skin collagen and having greater elasticity to prevent breakage of the pear machine during filling are produced.

Oleic acid partial esters of glycerin are particularly useful in the practice of this invention and are referred to under the trade name GMO as GIi of SCM.
It is commercially available from Dden-Durkee Division as a mixture of mono and diglycerides.

The GMO is composed of 55% by weight monoglycerides of oleic acid, 35% by weight diglycerides of oleic acid, and the balance consisting essentially of triglycerides of oleic acid. The fatty acid moiety ester of glycerin must be present in the humidifying aqueous fluid in a concentration in excess of 0.1% by weight. As will be shown below, even 0.1% by weight of a glycerin fatty acid moiety ester in a humidifying fluid causes an undesirable increase in binder failures encountered during filling of collagen casings. Generally, the amount of fatty acid partial ester of glycerin incorporated into the humidifying soot is about 0.12-1. must be on the order of % by weight. Fatty acid partial ester concentrations of glycerin in excess of 1% by weight may also be incorporated into the humidification fluid, although such excess may reduce the resistance of the collagen casing to breakage during filling and tying operations performed by meat processors. It has little effect on improving sex.

The concentration of fatty acid partial esters of glycerin in the humidifying soot, when applied to the inner wall of the casing during normal collagen strand pleating operations, is in the range 0.15 to 1.0% by weight. This concentration range is about 0 glycerol per square inch (about 6.45) of the casing surface.
．． It yields a 9 of 01-0.10. The sorbitan fatty acid ester (eg, sorbitan trioleate) in the fatty acid ester mixture is included in the humidifying fluid in a proportion of about 0.5 to about 2% by weight, preferably about 0.8 to 1.5% by weight.

As a rule of thumb, the proportion of mixed glycerin mono and gestel in the humidifying fluid should be lower, e.g.
As decreasing towards 2% by weight, the proportion of fatty acid partial esters of sorbitan increases towards higher amounts.
Similarly, a smaller proportion of fatty acid partial esters of sorbitan, for example sorbitan trioleate, for example 0.5
As the percentage by weight decreases, the proportion of mixed glycerine ester increases towards higher amounts, for example 1% by weight. The sorbitan ester is applied to the inner wall of the casing in an amount of 0.04 to 0.10 9/(about 6.45) of the casing surface. The humidifying fluid of the invention must be applied to the casing before shirring, and various means are suitable.

One of the better means of introducing humidifying fluid into the interior of the man-made casing before shirring is during the actual shirring process. The device described in US Pat. No. 3,451,827 is well suited for achieving humidification of the casing before shirring. The device provides a spray system for applying a humidifying fluid to the inner wall of the casing just before the casing contacts the shirring wheels in the device. The example below is
It is provided to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention, and all percentages are by weight.

Example 1 An artificial casing for sausage made of regenerated cellulose,
The apparatus described in US Pat. No. 3,451,827 provided substantially simultaneous humidification and lubrication during the shirring process.

Although this type of device is preferred as it includes a mist system for applying the fluid to the inner wall of the casing, other devices are also suitable for introducing the moisturizing fluid as a thin coating onto the inner wall of the casing during shirring. A device may also be used. 0.0 in aqueous solution.
25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 5% and 10%
By dispersing sorbitan trioleate of 6
Two moisturizing fluids were prepared. Dry, i.e. at 10% moisture, diameter 24 sides and wall thickness approximately 1.10 mils (
A reel of flat material of regenerated cellulose casing (approximately 0.0254 skin) was introduced onto the shirring mandrel and shirred. As the casing passed over the mandrel, the inner wall came into contact with a fine spray of the liquid. Each casing was coated with about 3 to 9 greening liquid per square inch of casing, and each pleated strand of casing was coated with about 3 to 9 g of greening liquid per square inch of casing. 1), from about 0.0075 to about 0.39 per square inch of casing
of sorbitan trioleate. The moisture content of the casing was approximately 18% and 2%. The casing is
It pleats very smoothly in amounts of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 5% and 10%, and the casing has approximately 50%
There were no rundowns due to fouling during the 1,000 feet of pleating.

These casings held up well in use, i.e. filling, although the strathods coated with fluids of 0.25% and 10% sorbitan trioleate .5% and strands with 5% amount were not as good. At 0.25% amount, there are more pinholes in the casing;
There were more problems with pleating, such as breakage.

Perhaps this was due to the low concentration of lubricant on the casing wall. The casing with 10% solpitan trioleate processed well, but the pleated strands tended to elongate.

The best pleating results were recorded at sorbitan trioleate amounts of 1% to 1.5%.

Filling results in industrial use were recorded with sorbitan trioleate amounts of 1% to 1.5%. Filling tests in industrial use show that at 1% loading, the failure frequency in a given device is 1 per 1400 strands tested.
It showed several defects. Other devices showed 30 defects per 200 strands tested. The results concluded, based on a series of filling tests ranging from 1400 strands with 1 defect at most to 200 strands with 30 defects in one device, compared to commercially available regenerated cellulose casings. The invention showed a reduction in the frequency of breakage during filling operations. Although results vary depending on the equipment, it is generally agreed that the casings according to the invention are much better than commercially available cellulose casings produced by conventional humidification techniques. Example 2 A shirred strand of casing is prepared as in Example 1 by spraying a moisturizing fluid containing 1% sorbitan trioleate in water onto the inner wall of the cellulose casing.

The sorbitan trioleate is present in a ratio of about 0.1 to 9 parts per square inch of casing;
The moisture content of the casing increased by about 18% by weight.
Acetylated monoglycerides and 1% polyoxyethylene 400 monostearate were added with an air layer mist to swell the casing as it was pleated, adding 100 feet of 24 willow diameter casing (30.4
8) at a concentration of about 0.3 ta per strand or more. Typical filling tests on casings of several thousand strands tested showed failures of about 0.2-0.4%.

In general, prior art humidified casings exhibited average failures of about 2-3% under similar test conditions. Example 3 Substitute 40-50 feet of cofugen casing for regenerated cellulose casing.
4 skin) except using length strands.

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated. Untreated Collagen Keishinku has a diameter of 21 sails and a wall thickness of approximately 27 mils (approximately 0.686 sails).
and had a moisture content of 8-12%. This casing strand was introduced onto the shirring mandrel and shirred. As the casing passed over the mandrel, the inner wall was contacted with an aqueous solution containing 1% sorbitan trioleate. The casing is smoothly pleated,
It was determined to have a total green content of greater than 24%. EXAMPLE 4 Artificial sausage casings extruded from collagen were prepared during the pleating process by using the apparatus described in U.S. Pat. humidification was performed.

A humidifying fluid was prepared by dispersing 1% sorbitan triolephate and 0.2% GMO in an aqueous solution.

21 ribs in diameter, wall thickness approximately 1.2-1.4 mils (approximately 0.030
A flat reel of dry, i.e., 14% moisture, collagen casing material having a thickness of 5 to 0.0356 skin) was introduced onto the shirring mandrel and shirring was performed. As the casing passed over the mandrel, the inner wall of the casing was contacted with a fine mist of the aqueous dispersion at a rate of 8 cc/strand. At this application rate, the aqueous dispersion is applied to the inner wall of the casing by approximately 7.8 9/force (approximately 6.
45 areas) were applied. The pleated strand of casing includes 40 feet of casing, and the inner wall of the casing is about 0.06 to about 0.07 m.
of sorbitan trioleate of 9/i (about 6.45) and o/i of about 0.013 to 0.015 (about 6.4
It contained 5c digits of GMO. The casing was pleated very smoothly.

The casing also held well during filling and tying; 0.94% silk breakage was observed when the casing was filled and tied by the meat processor. The procedure of Example 4 was repeated, except that sorbitan trioleate and GMO were not dispersed in the imitation water for comparison.

When filling and tying, the shirred casing is
．． It was determined to have a 20% hitch failure. Example 5 For the second test (tether failure), the procedure of Example 1 was repeated with 1% sorbitan triolate and GMO. 02%
A pleated strand of collagen casing was prepared by misting the inner wall of the casing with a humidifying fluid containing:

As a result, sorbitan trioleate was added to the casing.
GMOs are present at a rate of about 0.07 o per square inch of casing, and GMOs are present at a rate of about 0.014 o per square inch of casing. The combined amount increased to about 24% by weight (Test No. 1). For comparison, the following various humidifying fluids were prepared and
The same operation as in Example 2 was repeated.

One of the humidifying fluids is 1% sorbitan trioleate.
(Test No. 3), and the other humidifying fluids were sorbitan trioleate 1% and GMOO. 1
(Test No. 2), and another humidifying fluid was a mixture of 2.5% sorbitan trioleate and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (Test No. 2). Test number 4).

For the humidified collagen strands in Example 5 and for comparison, silk threading machine failure was observed and recorded during filling and tying at the meat processor.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. Contacting a moisturizing fluid with an inner wall of an unshirred casing and a substantially pleated casing, the moisturizing fluid comprising water and lubricating properties. at least one surfactant having about 0.5
% to 5%, and the mixture contains approximately 0.01% per square inch of casing.
A method for humidifying artificial casings for sausages in a pleating machine, characterized in that a proportion is used to provide between 5 and 0.15 mg of surfactant. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the artificial casing is made of regenerated cellulose. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the artificial casing is made of collagen. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a fatty acid partial ester of sorbitol. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fatty acid partial ester of sorbitol is sorbitan trioleate. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the sorbitol fatty acid ester is sorbitan trioleate and is present in the moisturizing liquid at a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.5%. 7. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the collagen casing is moistened with a humidifying fluid consisting of water, fatty acid partial esters of sorbitol and fatty acid partial esters of glycerin. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fatty acid partial ester is an oleic acid ester. 9. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the glycerin ester is a mixture of mono- and diglycerides. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the concentration of the glycerin ester in the moisturizing fluid is greater than 0.1% by weight. 11 The concentration of the glycerin in the moisturizing fluid is 0.
．． 10. Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the amount is between 12 and 1% by weight.