JPS6038885B2 - Electromagnetic wave synthesizer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave synthesizing device used for coupling two or more transmitters of different frequencies to a common antenna in a microwave communication circuit or the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, this type of secondary device connects two hybrid circuits 1 and 2 with two branch lines 3 and 4, and blocks the passage of frequency '2 in these branch lines 3 and 4. It has a structure in which two band-stop wave generators 5 and 6 are connected with a difference of 1/the skin length from each other.

In this device, a first port P, which is provided in the first hybrid circuit 1, has a first transmitter (not shown) with a frequency ' as one subsequent input terminal, and the second hybrid circuit A second port P2 provided in the second hybrid circuit 2 serves as another input terminal to which a second transmitter (not shown) of frequency N2 is connected, and a third port P2 provided in the second hybrid circuit 2 P3 is used as a signal output terminal to which a common antenna (not shown) is connected. Note that 7 is a dummy load following one boat of the first hybrid circuit 1. However, since such an electromagnetic wave synthesizer uses a frequency selection circuit (band-stop reactor), it has the disadvantage that phase distortion and amplitude distortion occur due to its transmission characteristics.

Furthermore, when changing the transmission frequency, there is a drawback that the resonant frequency of the band blocking reactor must be adjusted each time. In order to eliminate this drawback, an electromagnetic wave synthesizer has been proposed in which two input signals having different frequencies, .

However, in a device with such a structure, 1/1 of the power is
There is a drawback that 2 is wasted. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave synthesis device that has low power loss and hardly produces phase distortion or amplitude distortion.

Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. The electromagnetic wave synthesizer of this embodiment includes first and second hybrid circuits 1 and 2, a non-reflective input end (an input end that passes an incident wave with almost no loss), and a reflective input end (an input end that reflects almost no incident wave). The first and second branch lines 3 connect the first and second hybrid circuits 1 and 2 using first and second irreversible circuits 9 and 10 made of reflective unidirectional tubes having input ends that , 4, the first and second irreversible circuits 9 made of the aforementioned reflective unidirectional tubes,
10 are connected with their reflection input ends facing the second hybrid circuit 2 side and with a 1/4 length shift from each other. In such an electromagnetic wave synthesizer, the first boat P (the in-phase exciter of the first hybrid circuit 1) is one signal input terminal to which a transmitter (not shown) of the frequency is connected, and the second The boat P2 (the negative phase excitation end of the second hybrid circuit 2) is the other signal input terminal to which the second transmitter (not shown) with a frequency of 2 is connected, and the third boat P3 (the opposite phase excitation end of the second hybrid circuit 2) The in-phase excitation end (in-phase excitation end) of the two hybrid circuits 2 is used as a signal output end to which a common antenna (not shown) is connected. Note that 7 is a dummy load connected to the negative phase excitation end of the first hybrid circuit 1. The incident waves from the first and second non-reciprocal circuits 9 and 1 made of reflective unidirectional tubes or from the second hybrid circuit 2 side are almost completely reflected, and the waves from the first hybrid circuit 1 side are almost completely reflected. Each of the incident waves has transmission characteristics that allow it to be transmitted to the second hybrid circuit 2 with almost no loss. Since this device has the above-described configuration, the signal wave of frequency N2 incident from the second boat is divided into two with opposite phases by the second hybrid circuit 2, and is then divided into two waves with opposite phases. The signal is transmitted through the branch lines 3 and 4 to the first and second non-reciprocal circuits 9 and 101 made of reflective unidirectional tubes, where it is totally reflected and returned to the second hybrid circuit 2.

However, since the distance between the first and second irreversible circuits 9 and 10 is 1/the number of skins, the two reflected waves from the irreversible circuits 9 and 10 are in phase, and the second boat It does not return to P2, but is transmitted to the antenna via the third boat P3. On the other hand, the signal wave of frequency 〆, which is input to the first boat P, is divided into two by the first hybrid circuit 1,
, passes through the second irreversible circuits 9 and 10 without loss and excites the second hybrid circuit 2 in the same phase, so it is not coupled to the second boat P2 and is transmitted to the antenna via the third boat P3. be done. Note that a signal wave with a frequency of
, and connect a dummy load to the in-phase excitation end of the second hybrid circuit 2 (the part where the third boat P
A signal wave of frequency N2 is input into the second hybrid circuit 2 (the part where the second boat P2 is provided), and the synthesized output signal is taken out from the negative phase excitation end of the second hybrid circuit 2 (the part where the second boat P2 is provided). It can also be done. FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the first and second irreversible circuits 9 and 10 made of reflective unidirectional tubes.

These irreversible circuits 9, 1, rectangular TE/o waveguide 1
A plate-shaped ferrite 12 with a thickness d is inserted into the waveguide 11 close to one narrow surface, and a DC magnetic field Ho is applied perpendicularly to the wide surface of the waveguide 11 from bottom to top. Now, if a traveling wave traveling toward the plane of the paper is applied to this waveguide 11, a positive circularly polarized wave is generated in the ferrite 12 portion, and the magnetic permeability of this portion operates as a positive permeability peak. On the other hand, when a retrograde wave that travels toward the front of the paper is added, a negative circularly polarized wave is generated in the ferrite 12 portion, and the magnetic permeability operates as a peak. On the other hand, the value of this positive or negative magnetic permeability peak, Mo, changes as shown in Figure 5 depending on the strength of the DC magnetic field. If you choose a negative point, the radio wave will not enter the ferrite 12, and the electric field distribution will become like the solid line (traveling wave) A in Figure 4, and equivalently the width of the waveguide 11 will be This means that it has become short to a'. Therefore, if waves of a frequency lower than the cutoff frequency 〆cF determined by this are used, all of these waves will be reflected. In comparison, the magnetic permeability for waves in the opposite direction is a positive value, and the specific electrical constant of ferrite 12 is a large value, so
The electric field is concentrated in that part, as shown by the broken line (retrograde wave) in FIG. 4, and its cutoff frequency "c8" is lower than when the ferrite 12 is not inserted.

According to the above principle, if a frequency lower than the aforementioned cutoff frequency 〆cF is selected within the usage band of the waveguide 11 as the operating frequency, the incident wave from one boat will be completely reflected, and the incident wave from the other boat will be almost completely reflected. Reflection type unidirectional tubes, which are non-reciprocal circuits 9 and 10, which have the characteristic of transmitting data without loss can be realized.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

The electromagnetic wave synthesizer of this embodiment shows an example in which the structures shown in Fig. 3 are connected in two stages in cascade to synthesize three types of input signals with different frequencies: 〆, 〆2, and 〆3. It is something.
As explained above, the electromagnetic wave synthesizer according to the present invention includes a hybrid circuit and an irreversible circuit having transmission characteristics that almost reflect incident waves from one side and pass incident waves from the other side with almost no loss. Since it is formed by a combination of , there is no need to use a frequency selection circuit such as a band-stop filter to combine the transmission outputs of different frequencies. Therefore, it is possible to realize an electromagnetic wave synthesizer with excellent amplitude and phase characteristics, and it is possible to realize a super-multiplexed It is very useful if used in microwave lines, etc.

Further, even when the transmission frequency is changed from time to time, such as in a satellite communication ground station, there is no need to adjust the frequency, and power loss is also extremely small.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 are wiring diagrams of a conventional electromagnetic wave synthesizer, Figure 3 is a wiring diagram showing a first embodiment of the electromagnetic wave synthesizer according to the present invention, and Figures 4 and 5 are used in the present invention. Cross-sectional view of irreversible circuit and characteristic diagram of magnetic permeability with respect to magnetic field change, No. 6
The figure is a wiring diagram of a second embodiment of the electromagnetic wave synthesis device according to the present invention. 1, 2...First and second hybrid circuits, 3
, 4... branch line, 9, 10... first and second irreversible circuits. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. One port of a first hybrid circuit having multiple ports is used as one signal input terminal, and one port of a second hybrid circuit having multiple ports is used as another signal input terminal. as a terminal, and connect each other pair of ports of the first and second hybrid circuits with first and second branch lines,
The first and second input terminals have a reflective input end and a non-reflective input end, and have transmission characteristics such that most of the incident wave from the reflective input end is reflected and the incident wave from the non-reflective input end is passed through with almost no loss.
An electromagnetic wave synthesizing device characterized in that a non-reciprocal circuit is connected to the first and second branch lines with each reflection input end facing the second hybrid circuit side and shifted by 1/4 wavelength from each other. 2. The electromagnetic wave synthesis device according to claim 1, wherein a reflective unidirectional tube is used as each of the irreversible circuits.