JPS6042077B2 - Marine emergency steering system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a marine emergency steering system used when a hydraulic steering system is damaged.

Conventionally, a 2-ram 4-cylinder type equipped with two or more power units (consisting of a pump and its drive motor),
Marine hydraulic steering systems consisting of actuators of the 1-ram, 2-cylinder type, rotary vane type, etc. are not equipped with emergency hydraulic replenishment means, but hydraulic piping connected to each actuator, joints, actuator packing, etc. If serious damage occurs, not only the oil in each actuator and piping, but also the oil in each power unit oil tank will become empty depending on the time delay in recognizing or responding to the damage, and the oil in each power unit oil tank will become completely empty. There is a danger of losing control ability.

Moreover, such damage is likely to occur in stormy weather, and the rudder, which has been hit by strong waves, becomes hydraulically locked in the actuator due to loss of oil in the steering gear. Under these circumstances, it would be extremely dangerous to temporarily repair and recover the damage, and if it takes time to recover, the ship will be destroyed. There is a risk that this could lead to a serious accident involving the favorite.

The present invention provides a marine emergency steering system that is easy to handle and highly reliable, and which enables escape from a dangerous situation in an extremely short time when the above-mentioned accident occurs. The purpose of this system is to include an electromagnetic switching valve and a pilot check valve that are inserted in series in the oil passage connecting the pump and the hydraulic cylinder, and a supplementary oil that stores the oil that should fill the hydraulic cylinder in the event of an accident. a tank, an oil passage for feeding oil from the replenishment oil tank to the hydraulic cylinder via a check valve, an oil storage tank for storing aerated oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder, and an oil storage tank for storing the aerated oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder; An electromagnetic device is inserted into the oil path leading to the tank and controlled by an oil level detector attached to the replenishment oil tank, and switches the aerated oil to flow into the replenishment oil tank when the oil level in the replenishment oil tank decreases. It is characterized by comprising a directional switching valve.

An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a 2-ram, 4-cylinder type steering device will be explained with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a hydraulic system diagram thereof, and Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the pump discharge amount and oil pressure in Fig. 1. FIG.

In the above diagram, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are the main steering hydraulic systems of the hydraulic steering system during normal operation, and in addition, oil is supplied from the pump and tank described later in preparation for emergencies. This is an emergency oil passage arranged to supply oil to each hydraulic cylinder, and one end of oil passages 1 and 4 is connected to a stop valve Vl.
, V4 to the hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l, CyNO. 4
, one end of the oil passages 2 and 3 is connected to a stop valve V2, respectively.
Hydraulic cylinder CyNO. via V3. 2, CyNO. 3 are connected to each other.

S1 and B1 are a safety valve and a bypass valve connected in parallel, respectively, and are connected to the hydraulic cylinder CyNO. through stop valves S3 and S4, respectively. l and CyNO. The safety devices S2 and B2 connected to the hydraulic cylinder CyNO.2 are a safety valve and a bypass valve connected in parallel, respectively, and are connected to the hydraulic cylinder CyNO. 3 and CyNO. Safety devices connected to 4, 42 and 4
3 has a hydraulic cylinder CyNO.3 at both ends. l,CyN
O. 2 and CyNO. 3, CyNO. Hydraulic rams 4 are fitted to rotate the rudder stock 40 via rudder handles 41 whose center portions are pivoted to both ends of the rudder handles 41. PCl and PC2 are inserted between oil passages 7 and 5 and between oil passages 8 and 6, respectively, and are connected to each other through pilot lines 10.
, 9, pilot pressure is introduced by the oil passages 8 and 7, and when the pilot pressure does not work, only the flow of pressure oil from the oil passage 7 to the oil passage 5 and from the oil passage 8 to the oil passage 6 is allowed. Pilot type check valves 11 and 13 are pilot type check valves that allow the flow of pressure oil in the opposite direction when pilot pressure is applied, and are connected to the discharge port of a variable discharge pump P1, which will be described later, through oil passages in which check valves C1 are inserted. ing. P1 is a variable discharge pump driven by an emergency motor M, and is equipped with a compensator 18, so that it has pressure and flow characteristics as shown in FIG. SD is an electromagnetic switching valve for emergency steering, boats A and B are connected to oil passages 8 and 7, respectively, and boats P and T are connected to oil passage 11, respectively.
, 12. D1 is an electromagnetic directional switching valve connected to the boat T of the electromagnetic switching valve SD via oil passages 12 and 14, and its switching operation is controlled by an oil level detector 24 attached to a replenishment oil tank 20, which will be described later. . 15 is an oil passage whose one end is connected to the boat of the electromagnetic directional control valve D1, and whose other end opens into an oil storage tank 19 for storing aerated oil;
6 is connected to the boat of the electromagnetic directional valve D1 at one end)
D2 is an electromagnetic directional control valve controlled by the discharge line 13 and compensator 18 of pump P1 via pilot lines 25 and 23, and When connected to the replenishment oil tank 20), both are connected to oil passages 5 and 6 via an oil passage 22 and reverse valves C2 and C3, respectively.

R1 is a relief valve for pump P1 inserted between oil passages 13 and 14; 17 is an oil passage whose one end is connected to the suction port of pump P1; and whose other end is connected to replenishment oil tank 20; 20 is a replenishment oil tank, which is connected to pump P1 and hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l~CyNO. Pump P1 and hydraulic cylinder CyNO.4 are installed at a higher place than Pump P1 and hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l~CyNO. 4. Next, in such a device, each hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l~CyNO. Significant damage occurred to the main steering oil passage (not shown) that connects to the hydraulic steering system, and the oil in each hydraulic cylinder, main steering piping system, and main oil tank leaked out of the hydraulic steering system, resulting in the rudder becoming uncontrolled. We will explain the actions from this state until emergency steering is performed when the vehicle is in a state where it is tossed about by waves.

That is, (1) After confirming the damaged part of the steering machine room, all the stop valves of the related pipes communicating with the damaged part are closed to 1 in order to isolate the damaged part.

(2) Start the emergency motor M from the bridge or steering room.

At this time, the pilot pressure of the oil discharged from the pump P1 is increased by the check valve C1, so that the electromagnetic directional switching valve D2 is switched, and the oil in the replenishment oil tank 20 is transferred to the check valve C2.
, C3 to the hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l~CyNO. 4
will be sent to (3) Immediately after starting the emergency motor M, fully steer the ship in the desired direction for safe navigation.
This steering command can be issued by remote control from the bridge or by switching the electromagnetic switching valve SD in the rudder gear room. For convenience of explanation below, let us assume that the rudder is turned all the way to port. (4) In response to a steering command to port, the oil discharged from pump P1 is sent to spool SD-1 of electromagnetic switching valve SD, oil passage 7.
, pilot type check valve PCl, and hydraulic cylinder CyNO. through oil passages 5, 1, and 4. l~CyNO. Hydraulic cylinder CyNO. 4 is supplied to hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l and CyNO. 4 is filled with oil.

At this time, when the rams 42 and 43 are rapidly swinging, the oil replenishment performed via the check valves C2 and C3 can follow the rapid movement of the rams and supply a large amount of oil to the rams. Therefore, it is very effective for filling hydraulic cylinders with oil. Since the oil pressure is low until the hydraulic cylinder is filled with oil, the variable discharge pump P1 to which the constant horsepower compensator 18 is attached receives the low oil pressure from the oil passage 25 and discharges the maximum amount of oil, so the oil filling operation is completed. Proceed at a rapid pace.

At that time, the pilot pressure of oil passage 9 (same as the oil pressure of oil passage 7)
is also low, so the pilot check valve PC2 closes and the movement of the ram causes the hydraulic cylinder CyNO. 2, CyNO.
Prevent the oil in the hydraulic cylinder Cy from flowing out.
No. l and CyNO. 4 more effectively, and the shock caused by the movement of the rams 42, 43 is alleviated by the damper effect of the oil trapped in the hydraulic cylinder.

(5) As the free movement of the ram is gradually restricted by the oil filling the hydraulic cylinder, the pump P
The oil supplied from 1 begins to move the ram in the steering direction.

At this time, pressure builds up in the oil discharged from the pump P1, so this oil pressure flows through the oil passage 9. to open the pilot check valve PC2, so that the hydraulic cylinder CyNO. 2, NO. The aerated oil in 3 is connected to oil lines 2, 3, 6, and pilot check valve P.
2. Oil storage via oil passage 8, electromagnetic switching valve SDl oil passages 12, 14, electromagnetic directional switching valve D1, oil passage 15. It is discharged into tank 19. (6) After the rudder reaches all the way to port, now steer the rudder all the way to starboard.

At this time, the spool of the solenoid switching valve SD is shifted from SD-1 to S.
Switches to D-2, and the oil discharged from pump P1 is routed to oil path 1.
1. Spool SD-2 of electromagnetic switching valve SD, pilot check valve PC2, hydraulic cylinder Cy via oil lines 6, 2, 3
NO. 2, NO. 3) both rams 42,4
3 moves to starboard, hydraulic cylinder CyNO. 2, NO
．． 3 is filled with oil that does not contain air.

In addition, hydraulic cylinder CyNO. l~NO. The aerated oil in 4 passes through oil passages 1, 4, 5, pilot type check valve PCl, oil passage 7, solenoid switching valve SD, oil passages 12, 14, electromagnetic directional switching valve D1, oil passage 15, and then to the oil storage tank. It is discharged to 19.

(7) Next, turn the rudder all the way to port again, and use hydraulic cylinder C.
yNO. l, NO. By supplying oil to all hydraulic cylinders CyNO. l~NO. 4 is filled with oil and air removal is completed.

(8) Even if it is not possible to steer as described in (6) and (7) above for reasons of safe vessel maneuvering, air purge work can proceed automatically by steering and moving the rams 42 and 43. You can prioritize ship maneuvering and move the ship to a safe location.

(9) When the oil level in the replenishment oil tank 20 drops due to the supply of oil to the hydraulic cylinder, the oil level detector 2 in the replenishment oil tank
4 is activated, the electromagnetic directional control valve D1 is switched from the spool D1-1 to the spool D1-2, and the oil returning via the oil path 14 is returned to the replenishment oil tank 20 via the oil path 16. Steering can be continued without the oil level dropping.

As described in (4), the variable discharge pump P1 to which the al constant force compensator 18 is attached discharges a large amount of oil when the pump discharge oil pressure of the oil passage 13 is low, but when the oil pressure increases, the second As shown in the figure, the amount of discharged oil is reduced so that excessive load does not act on the motor M, the load on the motor M is kept constant, and the required output of the motor is minimized.

In addition, the point of (1) to [phase] above is that when steering a 2-ram 4-cylinder steering gear using only 1 ram and 2 cylinders, the oil pressure is twice as much as when using 2 rams and 4 cylinders. However, since the discharge amount satisfies the condition that 112 is sufficient, the motor output can be minimized.

As described through the above embodiments, the present invention can achieve the following effects.

(1) By inserting a pilot check valve in series with the electromagnetic switching valve in the oil path between the pump and the hydraulic cylinder, this pilot check valve closes when the main steering system is in operation (while the system is stopped). It acts as a stop valve to prevent oil in the hydraulic cylinder from flowing out towards the device.

On the other hand, when this device is operated, this pilot type check valve automatically opens, allowing oil from the pump to flow into the hydraulic cylinder.
That is, by automatically opening and closing the pilot check valve, the emergency steering system can be operated without manually switching the valves of the emergency steering system. As a result, the emergency steering system can be operated instantaneously, safely, without mistakes, and with a minimum number of operators. 11 When the pilot pressure acting on this pilot type check valve falls below a certain value, the pilot type check valve closes and functions as a so-called check valve.

Therefore, in the hydraulic cylinder as at the time of the accident,
When a large amount of air accumulates and the rudder is being tossed around by waves, this method prevents some oil that is filled in the hydraulic cylinder from being discharged by the movement of the ram, increasing the oil filling efficiency of the hydraulic cylinder, and The oil in the hydraulic cylinder, which is prevented from being discharged, acts as a hydraulic damper, mitigating and suppressing the movement of the ram without causing any shock.

(2) An oil supply line with a check valve is provided between the replenishment oil tank and the hydraulic cylinder, so that when the inside of the hydraulic cylinder becomes negative pressure, oil can be refilled directly into the hydraulic cylinder from the replenishment oil tank. This is useful when the ram is being swung at high speeds and a large amount of oil is required in the hydraulic cylinder instantly.

(3) Due to the synergistic effect of 1 and ii above, filling of the hydraulic cylinder with oil and hydraulic locking of the swinging ram can be performed very smoothly.

Furthermore, the air in the hydraulic cylinder is removed by moving the ram by steering and discharging the aerated oil in the hydraulic cylinder to an oil storage tank. Therefore, when an accident occurs, it is possible to fully turn the rudder in the direction in which you want the ship to turn and steer the ship safely, while at the same time filling the hydraulic cylinder with oil, preventing the ram from swinging, and venting the air. can.

In other words, it is possible to minimize the time during which the vehicle is unable to steer due to an accident and perform emergency steering with safety as the top priority.

(4) Equipped with a replenishment oil tank that stores the oil that fills the hydraulic cylinder and an oil storage tank that stores the aerated oil in the hydraulic cylinder, and a directional control valve is installed in the oil path between these tanks and the hydraulic cylinder, and the replenishment oil The flow of oil is switched from the oil storage tank to the refill oil tank by the action of the oil level detector attached to the tank. In other words, at the beginning of operation when it is necessary to bleed air from the hydraulic cylinder, this directional control valve returns the aerated oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder to the oil storage tank to prevent air from entering the replenishment oil tank. When the oil level in the replenishment oil tank drops to a certain value using the oil level detector in the tank, the electromagnetic directional control valve is activated to automatically switch the return oil from the hydraulic cylinder to the replenishment oil tank and replenish the oil. Continuous operation is possible by preventing oil tank oil pressure from dropping. (
5) By adopting a variable discharge pump with a constant-horsepower compensator and changing the amount of discharged oil according to the pressure, it is possible to operate with the minimum output motor, and the generator capacity can therefore be reduced. .

In other words, the following work can be performed with the minimum output motor. i During oil filling work where the load is small, the pump can discharge a large amount of oil and the oil filling work can be performed quickly.

i The steering gear can be hydraulically locked at high pressure up to the safety valve pressure.

Even if a high load is applied to the rudder during i-steering, the rudder will move slowly, but the ship will still be able to turn.

When steering a 2-ram, 4-cylinder steering gear using only 1 ram, 2 cylinders, etc., twice the oil pressure is required compared to when 2 rams, 4 cylinders are used, but the amount of pump discharged oil is lower. can be 112, so this requirement can be achieved by employing a variable discharge pump with a constant force compensator.

In short, according to the present invention, an electromagnetic switching valve and a pilot type check valve are inserted in series in an oil passage connecting a pump and a hydraulic cylinder, and a supplementary oil that stores oil that should fill the hydraulic cylinder in the event of an accident. an oil passage for supplying oil from the replenishment oil tank to the hydraulic cylinder via a check valve; an oil storage tank for storing aerated oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder; It is inserted into the oil path leading to the oil storage tank and is controlled by an oil level detector attached to the replenishment oil tank, so that when the oil level in the replenishment oil tank decreases, the aerated oil flows into the replenishment oil tank. Equipped with an electromagnetic directional control valve that switches to the directional control valve, if an accident occurs and the hydraulic cylinder is instantly filled with oil, the air in the hydraulic cylinder is automatically bleeded, making it possible to continue performing the desired steering. The present invention is extremely useful industrially because it provides an emergency steering system.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a hydraulic system diagram showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a 2-ram, 4-cylinder type steering device, and Fig. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the discharge amount of the hydraulic pump shown in Fig. 1 and the oil pressure. be. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8...hydraulic pipe line, 9,
10... Pilot line, 11, 12, 13, 14
, 15, 16, 17... Oil path, 18... Compensator, 19... Oil storage tank, 20... Replenishment oil tank, 21, 22... Oil path, 23... Pilot line, 24 ... Oil level detector, 25 ... Pilot line, 40 ... Rudder stock, 41 ... Rudder handle, 42, 43
...Hydraulic ram, Bl, B2...Bypass valve, Cl
, C2, C3... check valve, CyNO. l, CyNO.
2, CyNO. 3, CyNO. 4... Hydraulic cylinder,
Dl, D2...Solenoid directional switching valve, M...Emergency motor, P1...Pump, PCl, PC2...Pilot type check valve, R1...Relief valve, Sl, S2...
...Safety valve, S3, S4, S5, S6... Stop valve, SD... Solenoid switching valve, ■1, V2, ■3, V4
...stop valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electromagnetic switching valve and a pilot-operated check valve inserted in series in an oil path connecting a pump and a hydraulic cylinder, a replenishment oil tank that stores oil that should fill the hydraulic cylinder in the event of an accident, and the replenishment oil tank. an oil passage that supplies oil to the hydraulic cylinder via a check valve, an oil storage tank that accommodates the aerated oil discharged from the hydraulic cylinder, and an oil passage that leads the aerated oil to the oil storage tank. an electromagnetic directional control valve that is controlled by an oil level detector attached to the replenishment oil tank inserted in the replenishment oil tank and switches the aerated oil to flow into the replenishment oil tank when the oil level in the replenishment oil tank decreases; A marine emergency steering device characterized by comprising: