JPS604399B2 - Flexible hose for transporting pressurized media - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a flexible hose for transporting pressurized media, and more particularly to a hose suitable for loading or unloading tankers such as tankers.

Tankers are often moored to a loading or unloading buoy, which is connected to a fixed submerged pipeline by a flexible conduit.

The connection between the tanker and the buoy also usually consists of a floating conduit. Such a flexible conduit generally consists of 10 to 20 hoses each 10 skins long and 0.3 to 0.6 m in diameter, and these hoses are connected in series and subjected to a pressure of 10 to 20 bar. It can withstand pressure sufficiently. This conduit is in continuous motion almost constantly due to effects caused by tides, waves, and currents.

As a result, the hose is subjected to complex forms of strain, including bending, axial extension, and twisting. Commonly known hoses consist of a wall of flexible material, such as rubber, and a reinforcing layer of cord material arranged inside the wall.

For this purpose, rubber species such as natural rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, etc. are used.

Other suitable materials may alternatively be used. The internal surface of the wall of the hose is lined with a lining that is resistant to the medium passing through the hose; for example, if the medium is oil, nitrile rubber is a suitable lining material.
The reinforcing layer usually consists of a number of loads, each cord arranged in a spiral with a central axis coaxial with the central axis of the hose, and the cords being e.g.
It forms a 5 degree angle.

The cords are arranged in many layers, for example 3 to 5 layers; the windings of the cords in adjacent layers are in opposite directions. The cord can be steel, cotton, nylon, rayon or other suitable material. Additionally, the presence of a thin layer of strong material, such as corrugated steel or fibrous material, on the hose wall near the exterior surface of the wall helps to prevent cracking. Known hoses are usually reinforced with a strong steel wire arranged in the wall near the external surface of the hose wall, the wire having the shape of a spiral wire with a centerline coaxial with the centerline of the hose. are doing.

Instead, it is proposed to provide the hose wall with a reinforcement consisting of axially spaced reinforcing rings having a central axis coaxial with the central axis of the hose. It has been found that the distortion of the hose due to the above-mentioned movements is so great in practical use that the hose wears out rapidly.

Of course, increasing the life of hoses is extremely important for environmental conservation and in view of the high cost of hoses. The present invention provides an improved construction of a type of hose with reinforcing rings arranged in a particular manner.

The present invention comprises a reinforcing layer 7 consisting of a wall of flexible material (e.g. rubber), a reinforcing layer 7 of cord material arranged inside said wall, a reinforcing element 9 having a central axis coinciding with the central axis of the hose; 10
, or groups 8 of rings consisting of 12, 13, each group 8 of reinforcing rings 8 being axially spaced from each other, and each group 8 of reinforcing rings having at least two rings. The reinforcing rings 9, 10 or 12, 13 in each group 8 are symmetrical in the direction perpendicular to its central axis. The surfaces are arranged so as to overlap each other, at least one reinforcing element 10 or 13 of each group 8 is arranged outside the reinforcing layer 7, and at least one reinforcing element 9 or 12 of each group is the reinforcement layer 7
It relates to a steerable hose of - 0 mounds located inside the .

This good condition of the hose is brought about in particular by the bonds between the sacrificial material of the hose wall and the reinforcing layer that makes the hose resistant to pressure.

It is important to prevent or at least reduce tension loads on the joints caused by continuous movement of the hose. The structure according to the invention satisfies this requirement very well. This is because the reinforcement layer is now contained between the reinforcement arguments of each group. As a result, the reinforcement layer is somewhat supported by the above argument. A flexible material is present between the layer and the reinforcement layer. When the hose is subjected to an axial tension load, contraction of the reinforcement layer will occur. The inner ring of each group will resist this contraction and the malleable material between the hoop and reinforcement layer will be compressed. When a compressive load is applied to the hose,
The same will happen with the malleable material between the reinforcement layer and the outer layer. As long as this material is tensioned, the total elongation will be limited. There is no longer any danger that this material will be subjected to harsh conditions. The hose according to the invention has a high resistance to internal and external pressures and a low degree of stiffness to bending.

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

Here, FIG. 1 schematically shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the upper half of a specific example of the hose of the present invention. FIG. 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section through the upper half of another embodiment of the hose of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the reinforcing ring arrangement of the embodiment of FIG. 2.

In Figures 1 and 2, the walls of the hose have an internal layer 2 of material resistant to the medium that will pass through the hose.
The material is, for example, nitrile rubber when the medium is oil.

The main part of the hose wall consists of a suitable flexible material, for example natural rubber: this part is designated by the number 3. Directly below the internal surface and directly below the external surface are one or more layers, respectively 4 and 5, of a strong material, such as corrugated steel or a textile material, each of these layers 4 and 5 being crack arresting. The function of

The outside of the hose can be provided with a layer of neoprene rubber or chloroprene rubber. Inside the flexible material 3 there is a reinforcing layer 7 made of cord material.

The cord materials used are metals such as steel, nylon,
It can be made of cotton, rayon or any other suitable material. Enhancement layer 7 contains many codes,
Preferably, each cord is arranged in a spiral having a center axis coaxial with the center axis of the hose, and the cords are arranged at an angle of, for example, about 55 degrees with the center axis of the hose. The cords are arranged in many stacks, e.g. 3-5 layers, with the windings of the cords in adjacent layers having opposite directions. Inside the material 3 there are groups 8 of reinforcing rods spaced apart in the track direction. In the figure, the axial spacing between this group 8 is indicated by the symbol S.

Each group 8 consists of at least two rings sharing a center,
In other words, theories 9, 10, 12, and 13 in each group 8 are
The planes of symmetry of the discourse in the direction perpendicular to its central axis are arranged so as to overlap each other, where at least one ring of each group 8 is arranged outwardly with respect to the reinforcing layer 7 and at least one ring of each group 8 The reinforcement layer 7 is arranged internally with respect to the reinforcing layer 7. FIG. 1 shows a simple embodiment of the invention, in which each group 8 of reinforcing rings includes one internal ring 9 disposed inside the reinforcing layer 7 and a reinforcing layer 7. It consists of one external logic 10 placed outside of.

9 and 10' from a suitable metal, such as steel, or any other suitable material, such as a suitable resin material, such as an epoxy resin, preferably reinforced with a fiber material such as a fiberglass material. can become. Between the hoop 9 and the reinforcing layer 7 and between the ring 10 and the reinforcing layer 7 there is a layer 11 of sacrificial material, for example rubber.
In embodiments of the invention, such as those shown in Figures 2 and 3, the reinforcing rods consist of elongated steel. In this embodiment, four rings 12 are arranged inside the reinforcing layer 7 and three rings 13 are arranged outside the reinforcing layer 7.
Between the rings 12 and between the rings 13 there is a layer 14 of malleable material.
, such as rubber. The thickness of each layer 14 is equal to the thickness of each layer 12 or 13. Preferably, layer 14 is bonded to the adjacent steel surface of layer 12 or 13. Between the layers 12 and 13 closest to the reinforcing layer 7 there is a layer 16 of flexible material, for example rubber.

The external surface of the group of rings 8 (see FIG. 3) is coated with a layer 15 of an acidic material resistant to tearing, for example chloroprene rubber.

The elongated steel rods 12 and 13 can be 1 to 2 skins wide and have a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 willows. The application of flat theory 12, 13 is advantageous since large shear forces are not developed in the adjacent layers and in the inner layer of flexible material due to strain.

Preferably, each argument group consists of 3 to IN fixed arguments.

The number of layers on both sides of the reinforcing layer 7 may be equal, but of course this is not a requirement. Applying more than one hoop on the outside and/or inside of the reinforcing layer 7 has the advantage that the strength is even higher and at the same time there is no risk of creating excessive shearing forces in the surrounding flexible material.

The groups of rings arranged in the layers described above have the further advantage that permanent deformation only occurs in the case of very large strains. Relocation of the ring group will not result in the formation of a bulge within the hose. If desired, arguments 12 and 13 of each group 8
For example, a radially oriented connection consisting of a steel pin (
(not shown).

This will improve the bond and the load on the malleable material between the terminals 12 and 13 due to the transfer between the terminals will be reduced or even prevented altogether. If desired, the elements 12 and 13 of group 8 may consist of a spirally wound continuous strip, such as a continuous strip of metal or other suitable material.

This is advantageous from the point of view of the method of manufacturing the hose. This is because these hoses are manufactured rotating about their longitudinal axes. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the axial distance S between the ring groups 8 is preferably smaller than the pitch of the helically arranged cords in the reinforcing layer, e.g. It is one-third of the pitch.

It is then almost possible for the reinforcing layer 7 to be transferred between the ring groups 8. This is very important from the point of view of the load on the flexible material present between the cords of the reinforcing layer 7. If the diameter of the hose is 60 degrees, and the angle between the spirally arranged cord and the center axis of the hose is 55 degrees, the above axial distance S will be approximately 22 degrees. . As is clear from the foregoing description, the main features of the hose of the present invention are that each group 8 of reinforcing wheels is spaced apart from each other in the direction of the ring, and each group 8 of the rings is At least two reinforcement arguments 9, 10, or 12, 13
and reinforcing rings 9, 10, or 12 in each group 8.
, 13 are arranged such that the planes of symmetry of the reinforcing elements in the direction perpendicular to the central axis overlap each other, and at least one reinforcing element 10 or 13 of each group 8 is located outside the reinforcing layer 7. and that at least one reinforcing element 9 or 12 of each group is arranged inside said reinforcing layer 7, and a particularly important feature is that each said group 8 is at least two reinforcement arguments 9, 10, or 12;
13, and reinforcement theory 9 in each group 8.
, 10, or 12, 13 are arranged such that the planes of symmetry of the reinforcement theory in the direction perpendicular to the central axis overlap each other. The secondary hose does not have the above structure. For example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 39-27928 describes a rubber wall, a reinforcing layer disposed within the wall, and reinforcing panels disposed outside the reinforcing layer in the same shape and spaced apart from each other. and the reinforcing ring has a distal end of the reinforcing ring that overlaps the distal end of another reinforcing ring disposed adjacent thereto in the same D shape and spaced apart axially in the reinforcing layer. A reinforcing ring arrangement in this known hose is disclosed which is arranged to provide a flexible conduit between a tanker and a cargo handling point. Failure of this known hose can occur within a relatively short period of time when used under repeated flexing conditions, such as in the case of conventional hoses. This is because the reinforcing layer wears out fairly quickly. This wear occurs due to the axial reciprocating movement of the distal end of the reinforcing column overlapping the reinforcing layer. Additionally, as a result of the axial movement of the distal end of the overlapping reinforcement theory described above,
The portion of the reinforcing layer that faces the gap between the reinforcing ring located on the outside of the reinforcing layer and its adjacent reinforcing ring expands outward. Furthermore, the portion of the reinforcing layer that faces the gap between the reinforcing ring disposed inside the reinforcing layer and its adjacent reinforcing ring expands inward. On the other hand, when the reinforcing elements are arranged according to the invention, the above-mentioned drawbacks are not present, the wear of the reinforcing layer is considerably less, and the hose according to the invention therefore has a considerably longer useful life before failure. , it can therefore be used very advantageously as a flexible conduit between a tanker and a cargo handling point. Thus, it can be said that the hose according to the present invention has exceptionally superior quality and usability compared to conventional hoses.

As mentioned above, the hose of the present invention can be used under harsh conditions for a long period of time without damage.
This point will be explained in more detail.

First, the influence of the load in the axial direction of the hose according to the present invention, that is, the influence of external force, will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.

These drawings are schematic longitudinal cross-sectional views of parts of the hose,
This hose has a wall part a made of a flexible material and a reinforcing layer (
It consists of a reinforcing layer) b and a plurality of groups d of reinforcing rings e and f. The reinforcing elements e and f are arranged so that the "planes of symmetry (two planes) of the two reinforcing rings" perpendicular to the central axis coincide with each other. The axial load on the hose is absorbed by the reinforcing layer b. FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the influence of tensile force in the direction indicated by arrow k.

As a result of the application of a tensile force k, the reinforcing layer b stretches axially and contracts radially. The direction of displacement of reinforcing layer b is indicated by arrow m. The inner reinforcing ring f resists the contraction of the reinforcing layer b, and the flexible material n between the inner reinforcing ring f and the reinforcing layer b is compressed. flexible material n
acts as a buffer between the reinforcing layer b and the inner reinforcing layer f. The flexible material r between the reinforcing layer b and the external reinforcing ring e stretches, but only to a limited extent; therefore, this flexible material There is no risk of damage. FIG. 5 illustrates the influence of compressive force in the direction of the hose.

This effect is indicated by arrow o. When compressive force is applied,
As a result, the reinforcing layer b spreads out or expands radially [arrow (p)]. The flexible material r between the outer reinforcing ring e and the reinforcing layer b is compressed, and
It acts as a buffer between the outer reinforcing ring e and the reinforcing layer b. The malleable material m between the inner reinforcing ring f and the reinforcing layer b stretches, but only to a certain extent and there is no risk of damage to the malleable material m. Not at all.
The above description is also applicable to other groups of strengthening theories (not shown) in the hose according to the invention.

Furthermore, in the case where each group of reinforcing rings consists of three or more rings, at least one of which is placed outside the reinforcing layer, and the other ring is placed inside the reinforcing layer, The above explanation is also applicable. In contrast, all known hoses wear out relatively quickly when they are bent many times; this will be discussed in detail.

An example of a known hose is shown in a slightly bent state in FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawings. The reinforcing rings of the known hose according to FIG. 6 are arranged such that their ends overlap each other, and these reinforcing rings are distributed homogeneously over the entire wall of the hose. There is.

When a known hose is bent from a straight state as shown in FIG. 6, the outer portion t of the hose expands and the inner portion u contracts. All reinforcing rings are therefore bent on both sides of the reinforcing layer x and relative to each other. Furthermore, these reinforcing rings are displaced relative to the reinforcing layer x. However, in this case,
The amount of displacement of the outer reinforcing ring v (based on the reinforcing layer x) is larger than the amount of displacement of the inner reinforcing ring w (based on the reinforcing layer x).
When this known hose is bent in the opposite direction to the bending direction shown in FIG. The inner reinforcing ring v and the outer reinforcing ring w are displaced and bent in the opposite direction to that in the previous case (relative to the reinforcing layer x). When the above-mentioned known hose is bent and stretched many times, the reinforcing ring performs many axial displacement movements and bending displacement movements (based on the reinforcement layer), i.e., the reciprocating movement of the said movements is reversed. .

These repeated movements cause cracking of the rubber material in the area between the reinforcing ring and the reinforcing layer. As this crack grows, the reinforcing layer separates from the rubber wall and the reinforcing layer becomes radially mobile. Displacement of the outer reinforcing ring (
Because the displacement amount (reinforced layer standard) of the inner reinforcement layer is different from the displacement amount (reinforcement layer reference) of the inner reinforcement layer, the reinforcement layer near the area between a certain outer reinforcement layer and its adjacent outer reinforcement layer is It moves outward and this movement causes swelling.
On the other hand, in the hose according to the present invention, the group of reinforcing rings are arranged at a predetermined distance from each other in the direction of rotation (do not overlap), so that when the hose is bent, The area between one set of reinforcing rings and the next set of reinforcing rings serves as a hinge.

Therefore, when the hose of the present invention is bent,
The amount of displacement of the reinforcing ring itself (based on the reinforcing layer) is very small, so there is very little chance of cracking in the flexible material in the area between the reinforcing ring and the reinforcing layer.
Therefore, even if a crack occurs in the flexible material in the area between the reinforcing ring and the reinforcing layer, this crack will cause the split between one group of reinforcing rings and the next group of reinforcing layers. It cannot extend into the area between the rings. This is because in these areas the elastic material is not disturbed by the reinforcing forces and can therefore easily adapt to the bent shape of the stiffer reinforcing layer.
This is because the stress values remaining in the elastic material in these areas are much smaller than the "stress values that result in crack propagation."
As a result of this, no expansion of the outside of the reinforcing layer occurs in the hose according to the invention. The differences of the hose according to the present invention from the above-mentioned known hoses are summarized as follows.

In the hose of the present invention, the reinforcing ring has a central axis that coincides with the central axis of the hose.
They are arranged at a certain distance from each other in the axial direction. At least one of the reinforcing rings in each group is then located outside the reinforcing layer, and another ring(s) within each group is located inside the reinforcing layer. This structure is
Compared to the structure of the above-mentioned known hose, this has an unexpectedly large effect as described above.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 each illustrate a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper half of an embodiment of the hose of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the arrangement of reinforcement logic of the specific example shown in FIG. 4 and 5 are schematic longitudinal sectional views showing the basic structure of a part of the hose of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of one example of a known hose. 3... Flexible material layer (i.e. wall portion made of the material); 7...
... Reinforcement layer; 8 ... Group of reinforcing rings: 9,1
0, 12, 13... Theory for reinforcement; a... Flexible material layer (i.e., wall portion made of the material); b and x... Reinforcement layer: d...・...a group of theories for reinforcement; e,
f, v and w...Reinforcement theory. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 a wall of flexible material (e.g. rubber), a reinforcing layer 7 of cord material arranged inside said wall, and a reinforcing ring 9, 10, or 1 with a center coincident with the central axis of the hose.
2, 13 of rings 8, each group 8 of reinforcing rings 8 being axially spaced from each other, and each group 8 of reinforcing rings having at least two reinforcing rings 8. rings 9, 10
, or 12, 13, reinforcing ring 9 in each group 8
, 10 or 12, 13 are arranged such that the planes of symmetry of the reinforcing rings in the direction perpendicular to the central axis overlap each other, and at least one reinforcing ring 10 or 13 of each group 8
for the transport of pressurized media, characterized in that the reinforcing rings 9 or 12 of each group are arranged on the outside of the reinforcing layer 7 and that at least one reinforcing ring 9 or 12 of each group is arranged on the inside of the reinforcing layer 7. flexible hose.