JPS6044516B2 - Wind turbines such as wind power generators - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wind turbine such as a wind power generator that utilizes wind energy.

How can wind turbines such as wind power generators that utilize wind energy efficiently extract energy from constantly changing wind speeds, and how quickly can they start up under low wind speeds that make up the majority of the wind speed distribution? An important issue for wind turbines for wind power generation was how to make them work.

As shown in Figure 1 A, b, and c, it is said that the blade angle of a wind turbine should always be kept at a certain suppression angle α so that the wind can relatively flow into the turbine. The rapid rise is controlled by changing the blade mounting angle. Conventionally, this has been done by converting the blade mounting angle relative to the rotating plane from a large starting angle to a small operating angle using electric power, hydraulic pressure, etc. Wind turbines that use the centrifugal force of the governor or the blades to adjust the blade attachment angle are shown in Japanese Patent Publications No. 3964/1980, Japanese Patent Publication No. 254/1982, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3154/1989, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 1807/1989. However, for those that use electric power, hydraulic pressure, etc., for example, under low wind speeds that repeatedly start and stop, the energy consumed to operate the devices such as electric power and hydraulic pressure is compared to the energy generated by the wind turbine. The energy generated is large,
Additionally, those that utilize centrifugal force have the disadvantage that the centrifugal force is small at low rotation speeds at startup, making it difficult to adjust the blade mounting angle. Note that FIG. 1a shows the state at the time of startup, with the blade attachment angle β1 relative to the plane of rotation of the blade being at its maximum. Figure 1b shows the blade attachment angle β2 relative to the plane of rotation of the blade.
is the minimum, and the rotational circumferential speed is the maximum relative to the wind speed. Figure 1c shows the blade installation angle β with respect to the plane of rotation of the blade.
3 is an intermediate size and indicates a state in which the rotation peripheral speed is adjusted to be small when the wind speed is abnormally high.
In Figure 2, the horizontal axis represents the wind turbine rotation speed (RPm), the upper vertical axis represents the wind turbine output (KW), and the lower vertical axis represents the wind turbine rotational torque (Kg/Mg). The wind turbine characteristics are shown using the blade attachment angles β1, β2, and β3 of b and c as parameters. In Figure 2, since the wind turbine rotation speed (Rpm) is zero at startup, the wind turbine rotation torque (Kg・7
Tt. ) is advantageous. When the wind turbine starts rotating, the rotational speed (Rpm) of the wind turbine increases, so the blade mounting angle β2 is automatically adjusted so that the wind turbine output (Kw) is large. Also, when the wind speed becomes abnormally large, the blade attachment angle β
3 is smaller than β2, so the wind turbine output (Kw)
Both the wind turbine rotation torque (K9·m) and the wind turbine rotation torque (K9·m) are adjusted to intermediate characteristics. Therefore, in order to effectively start a wind turbine such as a wind power generator at low wind speeds and rotate efficiently at high wind speeds, it is necessary to set the blade attachment angle β,,β3,
It is important to adjust β2 from a large angle to a small angle.

The present invention provides a wind turbine such as a wind power generator that is based on the theory of wind turbines. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the invention.

1 is a power shaft connected to a wind turbine generator 2; 3 is a hub rotatably attached to the power shaft 1; a projection 4 is provided inwardly on one side of the hub 3;

A spring 5 has one end attached to the power shaft 1 and the other end attached to the hub 3, and adjusts the relative rotation angle between the hub 3 and the power shaft 1;
Reference numeral 6 denotes a pin fixed to the power shaft 1, which regulates the range of the relative rotation angle when a relative rotation angle occurs between the power shaft 1 and the hub 3 against the acting force of the spring 5. It is.

7 is a bevel gear fixed to the power shaft 1; 8 is a blade shaft 9 fixed to the hub 3;
A rotatably mounted blade 10 is a bevel gear fixed to the blade shaft 9 and meshes with the bevel gear 7 of the power shaft 1.

Next, the effects of the first embodiment will be explained. Since the wind turbine does not generate rotational torque when there is no wind speed, the blade 8 of the hub 3 is adjusted to a large blade mounting angle with respect to the rotation plane by the action force of the spring 5. When the wind speed increases, the windmill generates rotational torque and starts rotating. On the other hand, the power shaft 1 has a static force acting on it that prevents the rotation of the wind turbine due to the control force of the generator 2, so the power shaft 1 and the hub 3 begin to rotate relative to each other against the acting force of the spring 5. . Therefore, the bevel gear 7 of the power shaft 1 and the bevel gear 10 of the blade shaft 9 cause relative rotation, and the blade shaft 9 rotates until the pin 6 and the protrusion 4 come into contact with each other. Therefore, the blades 8 are automatically adjusted to a small blade attachment angle with respect to the plane of rotation, increasing the rotation of the wind turbine and enabling highly efficient operation. Furthermore, when the wind turbine is stopped, the action force of the spring 5 causes relative rotation between the power shaft 1 and the hub 3, and the blades 8 are rotated through the bevel gears 7 and 10 at a large blade mounting angle with respect to the rotation plane of the hub 3. It is automatically adjusted so that Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 are the first
As in the embodiment, there are a power shaft, a wind turbine generator, a hub, a protrusion, a spring, a pin, a blade, a blade shaft, and a bevel gear.

11 is a bearing of the bevel gear 12 inserted into the power shaft 1; 13 is a ball inserted through the bevel gear 12 and the bearing 11;
14 is a spring that presses the hole 13 into a recess 15 provided in the power shaft 1; 16 is attached at one end to the power shaft 1 and at the other end to the bevel gear 12; A spring that has the action of returning it to its original position, 1
7 is a gear integrally provided on the side surface of the bevel gear 12, and 18 is a reduction motor fixed to the hub 3, with a gear 19 meshing with the gear 17.

The second embodiment of the present invention is constructed as described above, and its effects will be explained below. When the wind speed increases, the windmill generates rotational torque and starts rotating. On the other hand, the braking force of the wind turbine generator 2 acts on the power shaft 1 to prevent the rotation of the wind turbine.
Since the bevel gear 12 is engaged with the power shaft 1 due to the engagement between the ball 13 and the recess 15 and the acting force of the spring 16, the rotation of the blade 8 causes the hub 3 to move against the protrusion 4 relative to the power shaft 1. The pin 6 rotates against the elastic force of the spring 5 until the pin 6 engages with the pin 6 . Therefore, the blades 8 are adjusted to have a small blade attachment angle with respect to the plane of rotation, increasing the rotation of the wind turbine and enabling highly efficient operation. Next, when the wind speed is too high, the reduction motor 1 is
8 is rotated, the bevel gear 12 is rotated by the meshing of the gear 17 and the gear 19, and the engagement with the power shaft 1 is released.

That is, in FIG. 5, 20 is a windmill meter generator, 21 is an amplifier that de-ampers the voltage induced in the windmill meter generator 20, and 22 is an amplifier that is excited when the voltage of the amplifier 21 reaches a predetermined voltage. The set relay 23 is a contact point of the relay 22 and can connect the reduction motor 18 to the power source 24. When the reduction motor 18 operates, the power shaft 1 and the bevel gear 12 are disengaged, and the bevel gear 10 meshing with the bevel gear 12 rotates within the range of the resistance of the spring 16, thereby moving the blade 8 relative to the rotation plane. It is possible to adjust the blade attachment angle to a deeper angle than when starting and then stop the engine. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the rotation speed of the wind turbine from increasing abnormally and destroying it. Note that when the wind power weakens, the rotational force of the reduction motor 18 is deenergized by the electric circuit shown in FIG. It is something that engages with.

As described above, in the second embodiment, when an abnormal wind force such as a gust of wind is applied to the wind turbine, a safety mechanism is provided that stops the blades 8 by making the blade mounting angle of the blades 8 larger than at the time of startup so as not to cause abnormally high speed rotation. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that . Next, regarding the third embodiment of the present invention, attached drawing No. 6 is shown.
This will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings and FIG. 1, 2, 3,
Numerals 5, 8, and 9 are a power shaft, a wind turbine generator, a hub, a spring, a blade, and a blade shaft, respectively, as in the previous embodiment.

Reference numeral 25 denotes a disk fixed to the tip of the power shaft 1, and an electric cylinder 26, which operates at abnormal wind speeds, is attached in the center instead of the reduction motor 18 shown in FIG.

27 is a shaft of an electric cylinder 26, and a movable disk 28 is fixed to the tip.

Reference numeral 29 denotes an operating shaft attached to the movable disc 28, which passes through the disc 25 in a slidable manner.

30 is a bearing, and 31 is a rotating shaft having one end loosely fitted to the operating shaft 29 and the other end loosely fitting to the wing shaft arm 32 of the wing shaft 9.

Note that the angle formed between the rotating shaft 31 and the wing shaft arm 32 is always less than 1800, as shown in FIG. That is, when the rotation center of the blade 8 is set to 0, the blade 8 is automatically arranged at a position A'' at the time of startup and has a large blade attachment angle with respect to the rotation plane.

At this time, the angle ZAAO between the rotating shaft 31 and the wing shaft arm 32 is 1
80 rolls or less. In addition, during normal operation, the blade 8 is automatically arranged so that it is at the position B'' and has a small blade attachment angle with respect to the rotation plane.At this time, the angle ZBBO between the rotation shaft 31 and the blade shaft arm 32 is is 1800.Furthermore, at abnormal wind speeds such as gusts, the electric cylinder 26 is operated by the electric circuit as shown in Fig. 5, and the movable disc 28 is operated as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 6 to rotate against the rotating plane. The blade 8 is rotated to the C'' position so as to take a smaller installation angle than at the time of activation.
At this time, the angle ZCCO between the rotating shaft 31 and the wing shaft arm 32 is
is sharper than at the time of startup at 180 axes or less, and therefore the blade attachment angle is larger than at the time of startup to stop the blade 8. Furthermore, if abnormal gusts of wind stop,
The electric cylinder 26 is deenergized by the electric circuit shown in FIG. Then, the movable disc 28 returns to its original position, and therefore returns to its starting state. Next, the effects of the third embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
At the time of startup, the rotating shaft 31 and the wing shaft arm 32 are at the position Z.AAO, and the wing 8 is at the position A'', where the wing attachment angle is large with respect to the rotation plane.

When the wind speed increases, the wind turbine easily starts and generates rotational force, but during normal rotation, the relative rotational force between the power shaft 1 and the hub 3 causes the blades 8 to be mounted at position B'', which is small with respect to the rotating plane. The rotating shaft 31 and the wing shaft arm 32 are displaced to form a straight line at an angle.The blade 8 is regulated in this straight state.Furthermore, from normal operation to startup The force that restores the blade mounting angle of the blade 8 to its original position is due to the elastic force of the spring 5.Furthermore, in the event of an abnormal wind speed such as a gust, the electric circuit shown in Fig. 5 is activated to control the electric cylinder 26. Since the movable disc 28 is energized, the sixth
The rotation of the blade 8 is stopped by moving it as shown by the dotted line in the figure, changing the angle formed by the rotating shaft 31 and the wing shaft arm 32 to an acute angle, and making the blade attachment angle with respect to the rotation plane of the blade 8 larger at the time of startup. It is something.

Therefore, the wind turbine is prevented from rotating abnormally due to abnormal wind speeds such as gusts of wind, thereby preventing damage. Note that when abnormal wind speed such as gust of wind stops, the electric cylinder 26 is deenergized by the electric circuit shown in FIG. 5, the movable disc 28 returns to its original position, and the power shaft A relative rotation occurs between the blade 1 and the hub 3, and the blade 8 returns to the blade installation angle at the time of startup.The wind turbine such as the wind power generator of the present invention is designed so that the blade installation angle can be changed freely. A hub equipped with blades is rotatably attached to a power shaft connected to a wind turbine generator, and the relative rotational force caused by the rotational force transmitted to the hub by wind power through the blades and the braking force such as the load on the power shaft is generated. A conversion mechanism is provided for converting the blade attachment angle, and the blade is rotatably provided on the hub via the conversion mechanism, and the hub rotates relative to the rotational force transmitted to the hub and the braking force such as the load of the power shaft. It is characterized by a conversion mechanism that regulates the relative rotation between the hub and the power shaft, and converts the blade installation angle to a large blade installation angle at startup and a small blade installation angle during operation with respect to the rotating plane. Due to the relative rotational force between
The blade attachment angle relative to the plane of rotation of the blade is large at startup;
During operation, it is automatically converted to a small size, allowing for smooth start-up and stable operation against changes in wind speed, making it possible to obtain optimal effects for wind turbines such as wind turbine generators.

Furthermore, the wind turbine generator of the present invention uses a detection device that detects abnormal wind speeds such as gusts to adjust the blade mounting angle relative to the rotational plane of the blades to at least a larger angle than that during normal rotation when abnormal wind speeds occur. This system is equipped with a safety mechanism that prevents abnormal rotation of the wind turbine by converting the wind turbine into a gust of wind.In order to prevent abnormal rotation due to abnormal wind speeds such as gusts, the angle at which the blades are attached to the plane of rotation of the blades is set at a angle greater than that during normal operation. Since the rotation speed is reduced, stable rotation can be obtained, and damage to the wind turbine of the wind turbine generator can be prevented, so that the optimum effect can be obtained as a wind turbine of the wind turbine generator.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 A, b, and c are explanatory diagrams showing the blade attachment angle with respect to the rotating plane at startup, operation, and intermediate times, respectively. Figure 2 shows the blade attachment angle as a parameter, and the wind turbine rotation speed (Rpm) and wind turbine output. (Kw), a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the wind turbine rotation torque (Kg/7TL), FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the main part showing the first embodiment of the wind turbine such as a wind power generator of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is the same. FIG. 5 is an electric circuit diagram of a safety mechanism, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are an explanatory diagram and a sectional view of essential parts, respectively, showing the third embodiment. 1...Power shaft, 2...Wind turbine generator, 3
...Hub, 4...Protrusion, 5...
・Spring, 6... Zen, 7... Bevel gear, 8... Wing, 9... Wing shaft, 10...
・Bevel gear, 11... Bearing, 12... Bevel gear, 13... Ball, 14... Spring, 15... Concavity, 16...・Spring, 1
7...Gear, 18...Reduction motor, 1
9...Gear, 20...Windmill meter generator,
21...Amplifier, 22...Relay, 2
3... Contact, 24... Power supply, 25...
... Disc, 26... Electric cylinder, 27...
Shaft, 28...Movable disc, 29...Operation shaft, 30...Bearing, 31...Rotating shaft, 3
2... Wing axis arm.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A hub that is rotatably attached to a power shaft connected to a wind turbine generator, and a hub that is attached approximately radially to the hub and whose blade attachment angle is variable, and that generates wind power. a plurality of blades that receive rotational force and apply rotational force to the hub; a conversion mechanism that provides a certain interlocking relationship between the conversion amount of the blade attachment angle and the relative rotation amount of the hub and the power shaft; and the hub and the power shaft. It has a timing mechanism that regulates the relative rotation between the hub and the power shaft when the amount of relative rotation with the shaft exceeds a certain level, and the conversion mechanism has a large blade mounting angle at startup with respect to the rotation plane of the blade. The wind force is set to be converted into a small blade mounting angle by the relative rotation between the hub and the power shaft, which is applied by the rotational force caused by the wind speed and the braking force of the power shaft connected to the wind turbine generator. Wind turbines such as generators. 2 The conversion mechanism meshes a gear fixed to the power shaft and a gear provided on the wing shaft that rotatably attaches the wing to the hub.
The power shaft and the hub are connected via a spring that exerts an adjustment force that resists the rotational force of the hub, and the relative rotational force is caused by the rotational force transmitted to the hub via the blades and the braking force such as the load on the power shaft. A wind turbine such as a wind power generator according to claim 1, in which the force is used to convert the blade attachment angle. 3 The conversion mechanism consists of an operating shaft that is rotatably provided via a movable disc to a disc that is fixed to the power shaft, and a wing shaft arm that is fixed to the wing shaft that rotatably attaches the wing to the hub. are rotatably connected via a rotating shaft, and the power shaft and the hub are connected via a spring on which an adjusting force for the rotational force of the hub acts, and the rotational force transmitted to the hub via the blade and the power shaft are 2. A wind turbine such as a wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the blade mounting angle is varied via the rotary shaft and the blade shaft arm by using a relative rotational force due to a braking force such as a load as a force for converting the blade mounting angle. 4. As a regulating mechanism, a protrusion is provided on the hub to which the blade is attached, a pin is provided on the power shaft connected to the wind turbine generator, and when the hub rotates within a certain range with respect to the power shaft, the protrusion and the pin engage, A wind turbine such as a wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the angle at which the blades are attached to the plane of rotation of the blades is regulated. 5. A hub equipped with blades is rotatably attached to a power shaft connected to a wind turbine generator so that the blade attachment angle can be freely changed, and the rotational force transmitted to the hub via the blades by wind power and the above-mentioned power A conversion mechanism is provided that converts the relative rotational force caused by braking force such as shaft load into a conversion force for the blade mounting angle, and the blade is rotatably attached to the hub via this conversion mechanism, and the rotational force and power are transmitted to the hub. A regulating mechanism is provided to regulate the relative rotation between the hub and the power shaft, which rotate relative to each other due to braking force such as shaft load, and a detection device such as a wind turbine generator that detects abnormal wind speeds such as gusts is used to detect abnormal wind speeds. A wind turbine, such as a wind power generator, that is equipped with a safety mechanism that prevents abnormal rotation of the wind turbine by converting the angle at which the blades are attached to the plane of rotation of the blades to an angle that is at least larger than that during normal rotation. 6. As a safety mechanism, a reduction motor that operates in response to a signal from a detection device such as a wind turbine generator that detects abnormal wind speeds such as gusts is attached to the hub, and a bevel gear is fixed to or released from the power shaft by the rotation of this reduction motor. and converts the blade attachment angle with respect to the plane of rotation of the blade to a larger angle than that during normal rotation through a bevel gear that meshes with the bevel gear,
Claim 5 states that a spring is provided between the power shaft and the bevel gear on the power shaft side for restoring the bevel gear attached to the power shaft to the position where it is fixed to the power shaft when the deceleration motor is deenergized. wind turbines such as wind generators. 7. As a safety mechanism, a cylinder that operates in response to a signal from a detection device such as a wind turbine generator that detects abnormal wind speeds such as gusts is installed on the power shaft via a fixed disc, and the movement of the shaft of this electric cylinder causes the above-mentioned The blade installation angle with respect to the rotational plane of the blade is converted to a larger angle than that during normal rotation through the operating shaft passing through the fixed disk, the rotating shaft passing through the hub, and the blade axis arm of the blade, respectively, and the electric cylinder A wind turbine such as a wind power generator according to claim 5, wherein the axis of the electric cylinder is moved by deenergization to restore the blade attachment angle at the time of startup.