JPS6048116B2 - How to polarize piezoelectric ceramics - Google Patents
How to polarize piezoelectric ceramicsInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6048116B2 JPS6048116B2 JP54067850A JP6785079A JPS6048116B2 JP S6048116 B2 JPS6048116 B2 JP S6048116B2 JP 54067850 A JP54067850 A JP 54067850A JP 6785079 A JP6785079 A JP 6785079A JP S6048116 B2 JPS6048116 B2 JP S6048116B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- soluble
- weight
- parts
- temporary electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000010887 waste solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/04—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning
- H10N30/045—Treatments to modify a piezoelectric or electrostrictive property, e.g. polarisation characteristics, vibration characteristics or mode tuning by polarising
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は圧電磁器を分極する際に用いる新規な仮電極と
、これを用いた分極方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel temporary electrode used when polarizing piezoelectric ceramics and a polarization method using the same.
一般に、圧電磁器に電場を与えて分極させる場合は、分
極後除去可能な仮電極を用いている。Generally, when polarizing a piezoelectric ceramic by applying an electric field, a temporary electrode that can be removed after polarization is used.
この仮電極の形成方法には、銀塗料に代表される４００
℃以上の高温で焼付ける焼成型導電塗料や、２００’Ｃ
以下の温度で乾燥硬化させる樹脂系導電塗料を用いて塗
布形成する方法、もしくはめつきおよび蒸着による形成
方法がある。しかし、めつきおよび蒸着による方法は、
仮電極の形成能率が悪く、しかも仮電極を除去するため
に機械的研磨を必要とする等、生産効率、コストの点で
劣る。また前述の高温焼成型導電塗料を用いる場合は、
仮電極の形成に当り、ローラ、スプレー、スクリーン印
刷などを使用できるため、能率はめつき等の場合より改
善されるが、仮電極を除去する場合、同様に研磨を必要
とする。なお、形成時に於ても高温て処理するため、工
程順序や電力消費を考慮しなければならない。更に、樹
脂系導電塗料を用いる場合は、仮電極の除去に有機溶剤
を用いなければならず、その毒性、臭気、火災の危険性
から、効果的な除去手段をとれない。また、この場合、
塗膜の、除去用有機溶剤への溶解性を向上させて除去時
間の短縮、除去手段の拡大をはかると、塗膜の耐熱性、
密着性、耐薬品性が低下してしまう。このため、分極時
使用する絶縁オイルや、分極後のオイル除去に使用する
トリクロルエチレン、１・１・１トリクロルエタンなど
に対する耐性が弱くなり、分極性に支障をもたらす。本
発明の目的は、仮電極材料として水溶性の導電塗料を用
いることにより、これまての仮電極の持つ問題点を解消
して、安全、低コストで効果的な圧電磁器の分極方法を
提供することにある。以下本発明方法を詳細に説明する
。本発明でＩは、先ず図示のように予め両面に本電極１
２が形成された圧電磁器１１に仮電極を形成するに当り
、水溶性の熱可塑性樹脂と、銀粉に代表される導電性金
属粉とからなる導電性塗料を塗布して導電性皮膜１３を
形成し、これを仮電極とする。上ｉ記仮電極により圧電
磁器に電場を与えて分極するが、この際用いるシリコー
ンオイルなどの絶縁オイルや、オイル洗浄用のハロゲン
化炭化水素などに対しては、仮電極となる導電性皮膜１
３が親水性であるため逆に耐性が強くなる。また仮電極
除去の際は、水により容易に、かつ安全に導電性皮膜を
溶解洗浄して除去することができる。ここで、前記仮電
極用導電塗料としては次のようなものがある。The method of forming this temporary electrode includes 400 ml of silver paint.
Baking type conductive paint that is baked at a high temperature of 200'C or higher,
There is a method of forming by coating using a resin-based conductive paint that is dried and cured at the following temperature, or a method of forming by plating and vapor deposition. However, plating and vapor deposition methods
The production efficiency and cost are poor because the temporary electrode formation efficiency is poor and mechanical polishing is required to remove the temporary electrode. In addition, when using the aforementioned high-temperature firing type conductive paint,
In forming the temporary electrode, rollers, spraying, screen printing, etc. can be used, which improves the efficiency compared to methods such as plating, but removing the temporary electrode similarly requires polishing. Note that since the process is performed at high temperatures during formation, the process order and power consumption must be considered. Furthermore, when a resin-based conductive paint is used, an organic solvent must be used to remove the temporary electrode, which cannot be effectively removed due to its toxicity, odor, and fire hazard. Also, in this case,
By improving the solubility of the paint film in the organic solvent for removal, shortening the removal time and expanding the removal methods, the heat resistance of the paint film,
Adhesion and chemical resistance will deteriorate. For this reason, the resistance to insulating oil used during polarization, trichlorethylene, 1.1.1 trichloroethane, etc. used for removing oil after polarization becomes weak, causing problems in polarizability. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe, low-cost, and effective method for polarizing piezoelectric ceramics by using a water-soluble conductive paint as a material for temporary electrodes, thereby solving the problems of conventional temporary electrodes. It's about doing. The method of the present invention will be explained in detail below. In the present invention, first, as shown in the figure, the main electrode 1 is placed on both sides of I.
2 is formed on the piezoelectric ceramic 11, a conductive paint made of a water-soluble thermoplastic resin and a conductive metal powder such as silver powder is applied to form a conductive film 13. Then, use this as a temporary electrode. The piezoelectric ceramic is polarized by applying an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic using the temporary electrode i, but for insulating oil such as silicone oil used at this time, halogenated hydrocarbon for oil cleaning, etc., the conductive film 1 serving as the temporary electrode is used.
Since 3 is hydrophilic, it has stronger resistance. Further, when removing the temporary electrode, the conductive film can be easily and safely dissolved and washed with water to be removed. Here, as the conductive paint for temporary electrodes, there are the following ones.
先ず、導電フィラーとしては、皮膜に所定の導電性を与
えるものであれば特に限定はないが、導電性及び安定性
から銀粉が好ましい。尚、カーボンブラックや、グラフ
ァイト等も考えられるが、これらは電気抵抗、密着性で
劣り、かつ疎水性で超微粉であるため、磁器にくいこみ
、除去性が悪い等の問題点を有す。また樹脂は水溶性で
なければならないが、塗膜の乾燥や、分極時のオイル加
熱など、熱処理を受けるため、熱硬化性樹脂では架橋し
て水への溶解性が消失して洗浄除去ができなくなる。従
つて熱可塑性の水溶性樹脂のなかから、適度な耐熱性を
有し、かつ絶縁オイルやハロゲン化炭化水素に対する耐
薬品性を有するものを選択する。例えば、メチルセルロ
ース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロースなどのセルロース誘
導体、ポリビニルアルコール、水溶性アクリル樹脂など
が適切である。塗料の溶剤としては、水はもちろん、ア
ルコール、エチレングリコールなど、樹脂が可溶な有機
溶剤、もしくはそれらの混合溶剤のいずれでもよい。上
記各材料の比率は、使用される材料の種類、塗布方法、
分極特性、除去性によつて決定される，が、導電性金属
粉３５〜８５重量部、樹脂１〜２５重量部、溶剤１０〜
６０重量部の範囲で選ぶことができる。First, the conductive filler is not particularly limited as long as it imparts a predetermined conductivity to the film, but silver powder is preferred from the standpoint of conductivity and stability. Incidentally, carbon black, graphite, etc. may also be considered, but since these are inferior in electrical resistance and adhesion, and are hydrophobic and ultra-fine powder, they have problems such as being embedded in porcelain and having poor removability. In addition, the resin must be water-soluble, but because it undergoes heat treatment such as drying the coating film and heating oil during polarization, thermosetting resins crosslink and lose their water solubility, making it impossible to remove them by washing. It disappears. Therefore, from thermoplastic water-soluble resins, one is selected that has appropriate heat resistance and chemical resistance against insulating oil and halogenated hydrocarbons. For example, cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and water-soluble acrylic resins are suitable. The solvent for the paint may be not only water but also organic solvents in which the resin is soluble, such as alcohol and ethylene glycol, or mixed solvents thereof. The ratio of each material above depends on the type of material used, application method,
Determined by polarization characteristics and removability, 35 to 85 parts by weight of conductive metal powder, 1 to 25 parts by weight of resin, 10 to 10 parts by weight of solvent
It can be selected within the range of 60 parts by weight.
本発明方法は、このようにしてつくられる導電性塗料を
、スクリーン印刷、ローラ、スプレーな５ど、適切な手
段で圧電磁器上に塗布した後、常温ないしは２００℃以
下の温度で乾燥して仮電極を形成する。In the method of the present invention, the conductive coating material prepared in this manner is coated onto a piezoelectric ceramic by an appropriate means such as screen printing, rollers, spraying, etc., and then dried at room temperature or below 200°C. Form an electrode.
この後、分極、オイル洗浄、特性チェックなどの工程を
経て最後に仮電極を除去する。この除去は水道水もしく
は純水を洗浄として用い、５超音波、ブラシ、シャワー
など、種々の方法にて可能である。このうち最も効果的
な方法は、超音波洗浄後シャワーで洗い流すのが良い。
また除去後の残渣からの銀粉などの回収も、従来のよう
に、磁器研磨くずや有機溶剤の混入がないため、４容易
かつ経済的である。次に、実施例を示す。After this, the temporary electrodes are removed after going through processes such as polarization, oil cleaning, and characteristic checks. This removal can be done using tap water or pure water as a cleaning agent, and various methods such as ultrasonic waves, brushing, showering, etc. The most effective method is to rinse off with a shower after ultrasonic cleaning.
Furthermore, recovery of silver powder and the like from the residue after removal is easy and economical because unlike conventional methods, there is no contamination of porcelain polishing waste or organic solvents. Next, examples will be shown.
（１）銀粉１００重量部、ポリビニルアルコール１０重
量部に、スクリーン印刷に適した粘度になるまで純水を
加え、三本ロールで混合した導電性塗料。(1) A conductive paint made by adding pure water to 100 parts by weight of silver powder and 10 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol until the viscosity becomes suitable for screen printing, and mixing with a triple roll.
（２）銀粉１００重量部、メチルセルロース２踵量部に
純水−エチレングリコールの混合溶剤をスクリーン印刷
に適した粘度になるまで加え三本ロールで混合した導電
性塗料。(2) A conductive paint prepared by adding a mixed solvent of pure water and ethylene glycol to 100 parts by weight of silver powder and 2 parts by weight of methylcellulose until the viscosity is suitable for screen printing, and mixing the mixture with a triple roll.
上記（１）、（２）による塗料を、あらかじめ、高温焼
フ成型銀塗料て本電極を成形する導体を形成した圧電磁
器上にスクリーン印刷にて塗布し、１５０℃で３紛の乾
燥を行う。The paints according to (1) and (2) above are applied by screen printing on the piezoelectric ceramics on which the conductors for forming the electrodes have been formed using high-temperature baking molded silver paints, and the three powders are dried at 150°C. .
この塗膜の比抵抗は、（１）の塗料の場合は、８×１０
−５Ω・礪となり、（２）の塗料の場合は６×用−４Ω
・αであつた。次に、シリコー，ンオィル中で分極後、
トリク町レエチレンで、シリコンオイルを超音波洗浄し
、８０℃で２紛間乾燥する。この時の塗膜の比抵抗は、
（１）の楊合８×１０−５Ω・，Ｃｍｌ（２）の場合、
８×１０−４Ω・αで、洗浄前の前記値と比べ、ほとん
ど変化が認められなかつた。最後に仮電極を水で超音波
洗浄した結果、（１）の場合は約２囲２、（２）の場合
は約１４秒て除去できた。残渣が一部付着したものは、
シャワーで容易に洗い流せた。また前記分極後およびオ
イル洗浄後の塗膜には何らの外観的変化も見られなかつ
た。なお、上記実施例において、予め本電極１２が形成
された圧電磁器１１に仮電極１３を形成するものを示し
たが、これに限らず仮電極１３による圧電磁器１１の分
極が終了し、更にはこの仮電極１３を水にて洗浄除去し
た後に圧電磁器１１に本電極１２を形成することも可能
である。In the case of paint (1), the specific resistance of this coating film is 8×10
It becomes -5Ω・tan, and in the case of (2) paint, it is -4Ω for 6×.
・It was α. Next, after polarization in silicone oil,
Silicone oil is ultrasonically cleaned at Rethylene, Toriku Town, and dried at 80°C. The specific resistance of the coating film at this time is
In the case of (1), 8×10-5Ω・, Cml(2),
It was 8×10 −4 Ω·α, and almost no change was observed compared to the value before cleaning. Finally, as a result of ultrasonic cleaning of the temporary electrode with water, it took about 2 seconds to remove in case (1) and about 14 seconds in case (2). Items with some residue attached,
It was easily washed off in the shower. Moreover, no change in appearance was observed in the coating film after the polarization and oil washing. In the above embodiment, the temporary electrode 13 is formed on the piezoelectric ceramic 11 on which the main electrode 12 has been formed in advance, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to form the main electrode 12 on the piezoelectric ceramic 11 after washing and removing the temporary electrode 13 with water.
以上のように、本発明によれば、圧電磁器に仮電極を形
成して分極するに当り、上記仮電極を水溶性の導電性塗
料で形成するので、仮電極の形成後及び除去能率が高く
、しかもこれらを安全、かつ容易に用うことができ、従
来方法による諸問題を一掃できる。As described above, according to the present invention, when forming a temporary electrode on a piezoelectric ceramic and polarizing the piezoelectric ceramic, the temporary electrode is formed with a water-soluble conductive paint, so that the temporary electrode is formed and removed with high efficiency. Moreover, these can be used safely and easily, and the problems caused by conventional methods can be eliminated.
図は、本発明方法により仮電極を形成した圧電磁器を示
す断面図である。
１１・・・・・・圧電磁器、１２・・・・・本電極、１
３・・・仮電極。The figure is a sectional view showing a piezoelectric ceramic in which a temporary electrode is formed by the method of the present invention. 11...Piezoelectric ceramic, 12...Main electrode, 1
3...Temporary electrode.
Claims (1)
ある導電性塗料を用いて形成し、分極後上記仮電極を水
にて洗浄除去することを特徴とする圧電磁器の分極方法
。 ２ 導電性塗料として、導電性金属粉３５〜８５重量部
、セルロース誘導体、ポリビニルアルコール、水溶性ア
クリル樹脂などの熱可塑性水溶性樹脂１〜２５重量部、
上記熱可塑性水溶性樹脂が可溶な有機溶剤、水もしくは
それらの混合溶剤１０〜６０重量部からなる組成物を用
いたことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の圧電
磁器の分極方法。[Claims] 1. A temporary electrode for polarizing a piezoelectric ceramic is formed using a conductive paint whose dry coating film is water-soluble, and the temporary electrode is removed by washing with water after polarization. A method of polarizing piezoelectric ceramics. 2. As a conductive paint, 35 to 85 parts by weight of conductive metal powder, 1 to 25 parts by weight of a thermoplastic water-soluble resin such as a cellulose derivative, polyvinyl alcohol, or water-soluble acrylic resin,
A method for polarizing a piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 1, characterized in that a composition comprising 10 to 60 parts by weight of an organic solvent, water, or a mixed solvent thereof in which the thermoplastic water-soluble resin is soluble is used. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54067850A JPS6048116B2 (en) | 1979-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | How to polarize piezoelectric ceramics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54067850A JPS6048116B2 (en) | 1979-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | How to polarize piezoelectric ceramics |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55160482A JPS55160482A (en) | 1980-12-13 |
| JPS6048116B2 true JPS6048116B2 (en) | 1985-10-25 |
Family
ID=13356837
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP54067850A Expired JPS6048116B2 (en) | 1979-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | How to polarize piezoelectric ceramics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6048116B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57145417A (en) * | 1981-03-04 | 1982-09-08 | Toko Inc | Manufacture of piezoelectric resonator |
| US5756008A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water cleanable silver composition |
-
1979
- 1979-05-31 JP JP54067850A patent/JPS6048116B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55160482A (en) | 1980-12-13 |
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