JPS6054807B2 - Method for manufacturing a hemispherical cap and its manufacturing device - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention eliminates the trimming allowance (commonly known as the ear portion) even when it is a drawn product, and forms the sheared surface after processing as an inward downward (upward) inclined surface, and welding is performed there. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hemispherical cap in an orderly and good manner, and an apparatus for manufacturing the same.

Conventionally, sheet materials such as coiled steel sheets have been subjected to repeated cold rolling, so that the arrangement of crystal grains becomes a fibrous structure, and at the same time, in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (longitudinal direction), tensile strength, elongation, etc. The mechanical properties of the
It is called anisotropy.

Now, when drawing is performed, the diameter is 450 mm in the rolling direction.
Or, four ears are generated in directions such as 00 and 900.
When a hemispherical cap is processed by this drawing process, the 16th
As shown in the figure, four ears are formed and are used for trimming. If such a hemispherical cap is welded to produce a cap nut, the trimming margin will widen to form a flange-like part, and the welded part will become an I-shaped joint, making it difficult to weld. Since the flesh part was exposed, it was necessary to polish the flesh part. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 15, in order to incline the shear plane, after forming the hemispherical cap,
The sloped part facing downward inside was formed by machining.
Although this method allows for orderly and good welding, the machining costs are extremely high to create the sloped surface, which increases the manufacturing cost of the cap nut as a whole. In addition, cross rolling eliminates the need for trimming during drawing to prevent edges from forming, but the plate material is extremely expensive and is rarely used for general drawn material. be. Therefore, the present invention punches out a plate material at a suitable location into a composite ellipse shape whose diameter is slightly larger only in the longitudinal direction and the perpendicular direction, and at the same time, the cross section of the punched piece is made square or arcuate, so that the sheared surface The method for manufacturing a hemispherical cap is such that the angle between the bottom and the bottom circumferential surface is made obtuse, and then the punched piece is formed into a hemispherical bulge so that the bottom is located on the outer circumferential surface side. The upper end of the hemispherical drawing punch rod is vertically placed below the main movable plate that is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure, etc., and the outer diameter punch is integrated with the lower side of the sub movable plate, and the outer circumferential shape of the outer diameter punch is as follows:
It is made into a compound ellipse shape with a slightly larger diameter only in the orthogonal cross direction, and the cross section of the lower end when viewed from the side is formed into a square or arc shape, and a vertical hole is bored between the sub-movable plate and the outer diameter punch. , the squeeze punch rod is loosely inserted into the vertical hole, and a pressing body is provided on the main movable plate to constantly press the sub-movable plate with an appropriate pressure, and a material presser is resiliently supported on the underside of the sub-movable plate; Directly below the outer diameter punch, a corresponding die is provided on the fixed plate, and on the inner surface of this die, a drawing die corresponding to the drawing punch rod is provided, and on the fixed plate at the lower position, there is a release chuck. By adopting a manufacturing device for hemispherical caps equipped with a does not require any mechanical processing, and can provide a hemispherical cap that can be welded neatly and well at an extremely low cost.In addition, the manufacturing equipment can punch out the material, make it square or arcuate in cross section, and A press that makes the angle between the sheared surface and the bottom peripheral surface obtuse, a drawing process that turns the punched piece into a hemispherical shape, and a hemispherical shape from the drawing punch rod. A series of operations such as removing the cap can be done in a single process for the top and bottom, and it also eliminates the need for trembling, can form a sloped surface with a good welding effect without any machining, and can be mass-produced. The cap can be manufactured at low cost, and the above-mentioned drawbacks and inconveniences have been solved. It is something.

Next, the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus will be explained.

First, to describe the device, 1 is the main movable plate, and in a press machine, it is attached to the lower end of the lifting rod 2 (to which the upper mold is generally attached), which is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure or a link mechanism. The upper center of the main movable plate 1 is fixed. The main movable plate 1 has a rectangular or circular shape and is made of relatively thick material. Reference numeral 3 denotes a drawing punch rod whose lower end is formed into a hemispherical surface 3, and its upper end is fixed to the central lower surface of the main movable plate 1 and hangs down.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a sub-movable plate, which has approximately the same shape as the main movable plate 1, and an outer diameter punch 5 is integrated with the lower center surface of the sub-movable plate 4 (
(see drawing) or vertically installed separately.

The outer circumferential shape of the outer diameter punch 5 is formed into a compound ellipse shape with a slightly larger diameter only in the orthogonal cross direction. To explain this compound ellipse in detail, the perfect circle (
Base circle of outer diameter punch 5) to 0 (2?r), ? r/
2, π, 3/2? The r direction is the perfect circle radius R. Approximately h/2 (
half of the conventional trimming distance h), π/4,
3/4π, 5/4? The Rl7/4π direction is a perfect circle radius R. The curve was obtained by making the curve smaller by about h/2. That is, this is h/2 as shown in FIG.
It is formed by wrapping the cosine curve of C0S4θ around its perfect circle (base circle), and it is formed almost equivalent to a composite of two ellipses with their long axes orthogonal, and this is called a composite ellipse. It is designated as. Furthermore, when punching this composite elliptical punching piece A1 from a plate material, the rolling direction (longitudinal direction) of the plate material A1 is defined as the X direction, and the perpendicular direction thereof is defined as the y direction (see Figure 2). ), its X direction is 0
(2π) and π direction, and the y direction is 7r/2, 3/2π
Process as a direction. The cross section of the lower end of the outer diameter punch 5 seen from the front (side surface) is flat in the middle, and both sides are inclined inwardly downward by, for example, about 200 degrees to form a slope 5'', which is called a square shape. When viewed from below, the flat part is
It is formed into a perfect circular plane. Alternatively, both sides are formed as slopes 5'', and the middle thereof is formed as a downwardly bulging valley-shaped arc, which is called an arc. Between the sub-movable plate 4 and the outer diameter punch 5, A vertical through hole 6 is bored, and this vertical through hole 6 is loosely inserted into the aperture punch rod 3, and the main movable plate 1
A sub-movable plate 4 is provided so as to be vertically slidable.
Reference numeral 7 denotes a pressing body, which is a hydraulic cylinder, a cylinder using liquefied gas pressure, etc., and its outer casing is embedded and fixed in the main movable plate 1, and the movable lower end of the pressing body 7 is connected to the sub-movable plate. It is provided so that the upper surface of 4 is always pressed downward (during press processing).

This movable lower end may be fixed to the upper surface of the sub-movable plate 4. The pressing force of the pressing body 7 is configured to be smaller than the downward pressure of the lifting rod 2, and the plate material is punched out by the pressing force of the pressing body 7. Furthermore, even if the pressing force of the pressing body 7 is activated, when the lifting rod 2 descends, the movable portion of the pressing body 7 is contracted. The pressing body 7 is the sub-movable plate 1
Multiple units are provided to maintain an even pressing force. In some cases, the pressing body 7 may be a compression coil spring. Further, a regulating rod 8 may be provided to prevent the sub-movable plate 4 from descending by a certain distance (height). The base (upper end) of the regulating rod 8 is fixed to the side of the main movable plate 1, and the hook-shaped portion at the lower end of the regulating rod 8 is locked to the side edge of the lower surface of the sub movable plate 4. Reference numeral 9 denotes a material holder, which is provided on the lower surface of the sub-movable plate 4 with holes punched at five locations.

A compression coil spring 10 is interposed between the material presser 9 and the sub-movable plate 4, whereby the material presser 9
is always projected downward, and the distance is regulated by a headed pin 11, and the lower surface of the material presser 9 is configured to be slightly lower than the lower end of the outer diameter punch 5. (See Figure 1). The elastic force of the compression coil spring 10 is configured to be smaller than the pressing force of the pressing body 7. 12 is plate material A on the top surface
It is a fixed plate on which the press machine is placed, and is fixed to the place where the lower die of the press machine (not shown) is attached.

In the drawing, the number of fixed plates (12) is divided into an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate for convenience of manufacture, but they may be integrally formed. The outer diameter punch 5 is placed in the upper center of the fixed plate 12.
A corresponding die 13 is provided. This dice 1
Of course, the inner periphery of No. 3 is also formed into a compound ellipse shape. 14 is a drawing die provided on the inner surface of the die 13,
It has a cylindrical shape, and its upper end is formed into an arcuate surface 14'' that gradually widens upward.

The gap between the upper edge of the arcuate surface 14'' and the upper edge of the die 13 is configured to be slightly larger than the thickness of the plate material A. An inclined portion 14'' is formed which widens as it goes downward. Reference numeral 15 denotes a release chuck, which has a roughly comical shape, and has a claw 16 formed inside its upper end to engage with the sheared surface a of the hemispherical cap A, and the upper part of the claw 16 has a chevron-shaped cross section. This outer slope 16'' locks onto the inclined portion 14'' at a suitable time.

Moreover, the diameter of the breakaway chuck 15 from the upper part to near the lower end is formed to be smaller than the diameter of the sleeve 17 at the lower end, and a plurality of vertical grooves 18 are formed on the outer periphery of the sleeve 17 except for this sleeve 17. . Further, a vertical hole 19 is bored in the fixing plate 12 directly below the coaxial core of the die 13 and the drawing die 14, and the diameter of this vertical hole 19 is the same as that of the breakaway chuck 15.
The diameter of the sleeve 17 is approximately equal to that of the breakaway chuck 15.
is loosely inserted into the vertical hole 19 and is configured to be slightly slidable up and down. At the lower end of the vertical hole 19 is a step 1 with a slightly smaller diameter.
9'' is formed, and the lower end of the sleeve 17 is locked therein.The inner diameter of the release chuck 15 excluding the claws 16 is configured to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the radial cap A. 15 may be crowned with a spring ring without providing an outer slope 16''. In addition, the escape chuck 15 has a radial springing claw in its vertical hole 19, and the springing claw opens against the spring only when the aperture punch rod 3 descends, and when it rises, it opens into a hemispherical shape. In some cases, the hemispherical cap A is detached from the drawing punch rod 3 so that the sheared surface a of the hemispherical cap A is locked. In the above-described press processing apparatus, guide pins are appropriately provided for raising and lowering the members between the upper and lower parts with high precision, but they are omitted in the embodiments shown in the drawings. Also, in the drawing, plate material A is used. Although the embodiment is shown in which one punched piece A1 is cut out from the blank, in reality, a plurality of hemispherical caps A are pressed as appropriate. Next, a method for manufacturing the hemispherical cap A will be explained.

An example of this manufacturing method is the operation sequence (actions to be described later) by the manufacturing apparatus. In particular, the general concept of the method for manufacturing the hemispherical cap A will be described here. First, plate material A is produced by cold rolling. in its longitudinal direction (
A punch piece A1 is punched out using a punch and a die into a compound oval shape having a slightly larger diameter only in the rolling direction. Here, the explanation of the compound elliptical shape is the same as that described above and will be omitted. At the same time as this punching operation, the cross section of the punched piece A1 is made into a rectangular or arcuate shape as described above, and the sheared surface a and the bottom peripheral surface of the punched plate piece AO (the surface in contact with the upper edge of the die) The lower surface of the punch and the lower die (in the embodiment, the arcuate surface 1C of the drawing die 14) are pressed so that the angle 0 becomes an obtuse angle (for example, about 1100). It is essential to perform this punching work and pressing at the same time. Then, the punched piece A1 (see FIGS. 8 and 9) is bulged and drawn into a hemispherical shape so that the bottom thereof is located on the outer peripheral surface side. At this time, use a drawing punch and a drawing die. This molding is carried out after the above-mentioned punching and pressing operations, by setting it in the same machine or another machine. A hemispherical cap A is formed by this bulging drawing process. Even with this molding,
The obtuse angle is maintained. A hemispherical cap A is manufactured by the punching and pressing operations as described above, and the subsequent drawing operations. Next, the effects will be explained.

First, in the invention of the manufacturing method described in claim 1, plate material A is used.

is punched out into a compound ellipse shape with a slightly larger diameter only in the longitudinal direction and the perpendicular direction, and the cross section of the punched piece A is square or arcuate, and the angle between the sheared surface a and the bottom circumferential surface is 0.
Since it is an obtuse angle, when drawing into a hemispherical shape, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of ears (treming allowance) and also to make the sheared plane a an inclined plane. To explain the first effect in detail, plate materials produced by cold rolling exhibit directional property or anisotropy, in which elongation and mechanical properties differ depending on the direction viewed in a plane. Therefore, by taking into account the trimming allowance h obtained from direct experiments and measured values, we made the punched piece A1 from the plate material into a compound ellipse shape, so that the direction in which it stretches by drawing is the same as the plate material. With this, the hemispherical cap A that has been drawn into a hemispherical shape has no trembling allowance and is formed flat when viewed from the side, making it easier to weld. Not only that, but the appearance is good and the product value can be increased by several steps. Regarding No. 2, since the press processing was performed at the same time as the punching, the angle θ could be maintained even after the subsequent drawing processing. That is, the angle θ between the sheared surface a and the bottom peripheral surface of this punched piece A1 has been determined through tens of thousands of experiments. The focus is on the property that it hardly changes even if it is processed or the entire structure is drawn, or even if internal stress strain etc. occur in the entire structure of the end face. From this, when the punched piece A1 is bulged and drawn so that the bottom part is located on the outer peripheral surface side, the sheared surface a of the hemispherical cap A is directed inwardly upward (
After the drawing process is completed,
Sloped surfaces can be formed without machining (see Figure 15). Due to this inclined surface, when welding the hemispherical cap A to the nut B, the welded part does not protrude compared to the conventional hemispherical cap shown in Fig. 16, and welding can be performed reliably. . In other words, the hemispherical cap A can provide an excellent welding effect when producing a cap nut. In particular, the manufacturing method has a great advantage in that it does not require machining and produces the same effect. Next, the effects of the invention of the manufacturing apparatus described in claim 2 will be described. First, the working order (function) of this device will be explained in detail. As mentioned above, this can be said to be one embodiment of the manufacturing method. Then, with the outer diameter punch 5 elevated from the die 13 to an appropriate height, the plate material A is removed by a feed mechanism (not shown). is set on the upper surface of the die 13 on the fixing plate 12 (see FIG. 1). Next, when the elevator rod 2 is lowered,
Material presser 9 is plate material A. is held down by the elastic force of the compression coil spring 10 (see Fig. 5). Further, when it is lowered, the sub movable plate 4 outer diameter punch 5 is lowered, and the outer diameter punch 5 of the sub movable plate 4 is compressed against the elastic force of the compression coil spring 10. A punching piece A1 is punched out from the perspective of the plate material. At the same time, the cross section of the punched piece A1 is press-worked into a square or arc shape with the beveled part 5'' and the arcuate surface 14'' of the outer diameter punch 5, and the sheared surface a and the bottom peripheral surface of the punched piece A1 are Form the angle θ with an obtuse angle (for example, about 1101) (
(See Figures 6 to 9). Next, when the lifting rod 2 is further lowered, the outer diameter punch 5 stops because the sub-movable plate 4 is in contact with the upper part of the material presser 9, and resists the pressing force of the pressing body 7. , compress this), the drawing punch rod 3 descends and presses the upper surface of the punched piece A1 with its hemispherical surface 3'', centering the periphery of the punched piece A1 between the slope 5'' and the arcuate surface 1C. Start the drawing process by pulling it to (see Fig. 10)
. Then, the drawing punch rod 3 descends further, and the punched piece A1 is drawn into a hemispherical cap A between its hemispherical surface 3'' and the drawing die 14 (see Fig. 11).This processing Thus, the hemispherical cap A is completed.The following is the process of removing the hemispherical cap A.Furthermore, when the drawing punch rod 3 is lowered, the outer peripheral surface of the hemispherical cap A fitted on the hemispherical surface 3'' is removed. (see Fig. 12), and then open the hemispherical cap A.
The shearing surface a of is engaged with the pawl 16 (see FIG. 13). In this locked state or at a point where the squeeze punch rod 3 is slightly lowered than this, the lifting rod 2 and the squeeze punch rod 3 stop lowering.
This series of steps is performed almost instantaneously by lowering the elevator rod 2 once. Next, when the lifting rod 2 is raised, the drawing punch rod 3 rises, and the hemispherical cap A fitted on the hemispherical surface 3'' at the lower end of the drawing punch rod 3 also rises and is locked on this shear surface a. The release chuck 1 is removed through the claw 16
5 is slightly raised in the vertical hole 19, and its outer slope 16'' fits into the inclined part 141, which acts to prevent the release chuck 15 from opening.When the drawing punch rod 3 further rises, it is removed from the hemispherical surface 3''. The hemispherical cap A is unfitted, falls down, and can be taken out of the machine. When the lifting rod 2 is further raised, the material presser 9 releases the plate material A. When the outer diameter punch 5 is pulled out from the plate material AO and raised further, the material presser 9 is also pressed against the plate material A. (See Figure 1). With the above reciprocating movement (elevating and lowering) of the elevating rod 2, the plate material A
. From hemispherical cap A. As described above, in the present invention, the upper end of the drawing punch rod 3 whose lower end is a hemispherical surface 3'' is moved up and down by the lower main movable plate 1 which is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure or the like. An outer diameter punch 5 is integrated with the lower side of the sub-movable plate 4, and the outer circumferential shape of the outer diameter punch 5 is a compound ellipse with a slightly larger diameter only in the orthogonal cross direction. The cross section of this lower end when viewed from the side is formed into a square or arc shape, and its sub-movable plate 4 has an outer diameter punch 5.
A vertical through hole 6 is bored in between, and the drawing punch rod 3 is inserted into the vertical through hole 6.
A pressing body 7 is provided on the main movable plate 1, which is inserted loosely into the main movable plate 1 and presses the sub movable plate 4 with an appropriate pressure at all times. Directly below the punch 5, a corresponding die 13 is provided on the fixed plate 12, and on the inner surface of this die 13, a drawing die 14 corresponding to the drawing punch rod 3 is provided.
In the process of punching out the punched piece A1 from the plate material, the cross section of the punched piece A1 is made into a square or arc shape, and the sheared surface a and the bottom peripheral surface are formed at an obtuse angle. A series of multiple steps, including a pressing step to make the punched piece A1 into a hemispherical shape, and a step of removing the hemispherical cap A from the drawing punch rod 3, are performed in one lifting and lowering of the lifting rod 2. The hemispherical cap A can be provided at an extremely low cost.

In addition, in the present invention, by making the outer circumference of the outer diameter punch 5 into a composite elliptical shape, the trembling allowance of the hemispherical cap A can be eliminated as described in the above manufacturing method, and the product value can be increased. . In addition, by making the cross section of the punched piece A1 square or arcuate and making the angle between the shear plane a of the punched piece A and the bottom peripheral surface an obtuse angle, when the hemispherical cap A is drawn, the The shear plane a is formed as an inwardly upward (downward) inclined surface, and the inclined surface can be formed by pressing only without any machining. This has the advantage of being able to manufacture products that can be carried out in an orderly and reliable manner.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially longitudinal front view of the present invention before processing, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a coiled plate material, Fig. 3 is an outer diameter punch,
Figure 4 is a diagram of the outer periphery of the die, Figure 4 is a graph of the cosine curve used to obtain the diagram, Figure 5 is a sectional view of the main part of the present invention pressing a plate material, and Figure 6 is a diagram of punched pieces from the plate material. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the main part of FIG. 6, FIGS. 8 and 9 are sectional views of the punched piece, and FIGS. Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the present invention in the process of squeezing the punched piece, Figures 12 to 14 are cross-sectional views of the main part of the present invention in the process of removing the hemispherical cap from the drawing punch rod, and Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the present invention in the process of squeezing the punched piece. A sectional view of a hemispherical cap manufactured according to the invention, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a conventional hemispherical cap. AO...Plate material, A1...Punching piece, A
... Hemispherical cap, θ ... Angle, 1
...Main movable plate, 3...Diaper punch rod,
3″... Hemispherical surface, 4... Sub-movable plate, 5
...Outer diameter punch, 6...Vertical hole, 7
...Press body, 9...Material presser, 12
...Fixing plate, 13...Dice, 14.
... Drawing die, 15 ... Escape chuck.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Punching a suitable part of the plate material A_0 into a composite ellipse shape having a slightly larger diameter only in its strong direction and in the direction perpendicular to it, and at the same time,
The cross section of the punched piece A_1 is square or arcuate, and the angle θ between the sheared surface a and the bottom peripheral surface is an obtuse angle.Then, the punched piece A_1 is made into a hemispherical shape so that the bottom part is located on the outer peripheral surface side. A method for manufacturing a hemispherical cap, which is characterized by bulge-drawing into a shape. 2. The upper end of the drawing punch rod 3 whose lower end is a hemispherical surface 3' is vertically disposed below the main movable plate 1 which is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure, etc., and the outline punch 5 is integrated with the lower side of the sub movable plate 4, and this outline punch rod 3 is The outer circumferential shape of the punch 5 is a compound ellipse with a slightly larger diameter only in the orthogonal cross directions, and the cross section of the lower end of the punch 5 when viewed from the side is square or arcuate. A vertical through hole 6 is bored in the main movable plate 1, and the squeeze punch rod 3 is loosely inserted into the vertical through hole 6, and a pressing body 7 that constantly presses the sub movable plate 4 with an appropriate pressure is provided on the main movable plate 1. A material presser 9 is resiliently supported on the lower side of the plate 4, and a corresponding die 13 is provided on the fixed plate 12 directly below the outline punch 5.
This hemispherical cap manufacturing apparatus is characterized in that a drawing die 14 corresponding to the drawing punch rod 3 is provided on the inner surface of the die 13, and a release chuck 15 is provided on the fixing plate 12 at a lower position.