JPS605558B2 - Potash salt anti-caking agent - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to anti-caking agents for potash salts.

Potassium salt is an industrially useful resource as a fertilizer and as a raw material for gunpowder and glass manufacturing.

In particular, as a fertilizer, it is important as one of the three fertilizer elements essential for plant growth. Generally, chemical substances used as fertilizers have the disadvantage of caking during storage, which impairs workability.

This drawback applies not only to urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate, which are produced in large quantities as chemical fertilizers, but also to potassium salt, which is mined from underground. For this reason, various measures to prevent caking have been studied and many proposals have been made.

However, the content of potassium salt in the soil is more common than that of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the degree of deficiency is particularly low in tropical rice malt, and for the fertilizer industry, the commercialization and processing of potassium salt is more common than that of ammonia and phosphate rock. Because it was not as expensive as nitrogen and phosphorus, it was given a lower rating than nitrogen and phosphorus, and sufficient measures were not taken to prevent caking.

Therefore, when storing and transporting deeply excavated potash salt in bags or in bulk, caking occurs, causing a serious problem such as significantly reducing workability. Conventionally, the following methods have been proposed as measures to prevent caking.

○｝ A method in which a non-falling fine powder such as cinnamon earth, talc, kaolin, silicic acid powder, or fatty acid calcium salt is mixed with a caking substance to prevent direct contact with the caking substance.

■ A method in which the surface of a caking substance is coated with mineral oil, water-soluble polymer, etc. to form a waterproof film, which prevents the entry and exit of moisture and prevents the formation of bridging crystals between particles.

'3' A method in which a monomolecular film of a surfactant is formed on the surface of a caking substance to change the properties of the surface of the caking substance and make it hard to solidify.

■ A method for preventing caking by changing the crystalline state of urea using a complex of a polymer and an anionic surfactant, or using a crystal habit modifying action such as magenta acid for ammonium nitrate.

Today, all of the above methods {11 to '4} are in practical use, but in method '1), it is necessary to add several percent of mineral oil as a binder in order to obtain a sufficient anti-caking effect. , '2} alone cannot provide a sufficient effect even if the anti-caking agent is added in a few percent.

On the other hand, in the methods '3} and '4}, sufficient effects can be obtained by simply adding 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of the surfactant.
This method does not cause any problems in secondary processing and is economically satisfactory. However, methods {3} and {4- were developed mainly for nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea,
For ammonium sulfate, anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfates and alkylbenzene sulfonates are used; for ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride, alkyl amines, or enteric ionic surfactants such as their acetates and hydrochlorides are used. Although it has been put into practical use, at present no satisfactory anti-caking agent has been developed for potash salt. Currently, the method of preventing caking of potash salts used in Canada and other countries is to use mineral oil or alkylamines as mentioned above, but the caking prevention effect is not satisfactory, and when spraying The alkylamine does not melt unless it is heated to high temperatures, making it inconvenient to handle.Furthermore, white potassium chloride has the problem of coloring due to mineral oil.Development of an anti-caking agent with excellent anti-caking effects that does not have these drawbacks. was awaited.

Therefore, the present inventors conducted extensive research in order to obtain an excellent anti-caking agent for potash salts that does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks, and as a result, they completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention comprises as essential components a higher aliphatic amine salt and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a valent nonionic surfactant, a water-soluble saccharide, and a water-soluble saccharide derivative. It provides prevention of caking of potash salt.

The higher aliphatic amine salt, which is one component of the anti-caking agent according to the present invention, can be obtained by reacting a higher aliphatic amine and an acid in a conventional manner (salt formation reaction).

For example, it can be obtained by mixing an alcoholic solution of an amine and an aqueous acid solution, and then evaporating and concentrating the alcohol and water. Higher aliphatic amines specifically refer to amines having an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, including primary amines such as octylamine, laurylamine, stearylamine, and oleylamine, dilaurylamine, and laurylmethylamine. Any of secondary amines such as, tertiary amines such as lauryldimethylamiso, stearyldimethylamine, etc. can be used, but primary amines are most preferred.

As the acid serving as the counter ion of the amine salt, both inorganic acids and organic acids that can form salts with amines can be used. For example, inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., and organic acids include acetic acid, lactic acid, Examples include butyric acid.

The nonionic surfactant, water-soluble saccharide, and water-soluble saccharide derivative, which are the other components of the anti-caking agent according to the present invention, are as follows.

Nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil ether, and fatty acid monoglyceride. , digital acid diglyceride, oxyethylene oxypropylene block copolymer, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, etc.

Water-soluble sugars include monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, galactose, ketohexose, and sorbose, maltose, and lactose (
Any of water-soluble brans such as oligosaccharides such as lactose, gentiobiose, saccharose, and gentianose, and polysaccharides such as stranded starch can be used.

Examples of water-soluble sugar derivatives include hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose. [a
} The blending ratio (weight ratio) of higher aliphatic amine salt and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 'b} nonionic surfactant, water-soluble saccharide, and water lagoon sugar derivative is ,
(a'/'b}: 50/1 to 1/1, more preferably {
a'/{bl; 20/1 to 2/1.

The method of adding the anti-caking agent of the present invention to potash salt is not particularly limited, but it is usually sprayed onto potash salt as a concentrated aqueous solution or solution in an aqueous solvent. As a water-repellent solvent,
Methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isof. Examples include propylene alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, butyl carbitol, methyl carbitol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like. Spraying as a solution in a water-soluble solvent is preferable to spraying as an aqueous solution. Therefore, it is convenient for use if 'a' and 'b} are prepared in advance as a solution in a water-soluble solvent. The ratio of the anti-caking agent of the present invention to the water-soluble solvent varies depending on the solubility and viscosity of the solution, but the amount of the anti-caking agent is 10 to 9% by weight. Of course, water may be added to the water-soluble solvent to improve solubility. The amount of the anticaking agent of the present invention added to the potassium salt is 0.0005 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 0.1% by weight, based on the potassium salt. By using the anti-caking agent of the present invention, caking of potassium salt is prevented, and handling during storage or transportation is facilitated.
It is also possible to prevent coloring.

At the same time, when potassium salts are used in fertilizers, the anti-caking agent of the present invention does not cause any phytotoxicity to plants. Although the mechanism of how the anti-caking agent of the present invention has an excellent anti-caking effect against potash salts is not clear,
This is thought to be due to the synergistic effect of a} higher aliphatic amine salt and 'b} a compound selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, a water-soluble saccharide, and a water-soluble sugar conductor.

Incidentally, there have already been proposals to use amine salts alone to prevent caking of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, etc., but there is no mention of potash salts, and although the present inventors* have also considered this, they have not been able to find a satisfactory solution. I couldn't get the desired results.

Regarding the anti-caking effect of amine acetate, it is speculated that it forms an oily film on the surface of the particles of the substance to be treated, thereby blocking the outside world or each other, and in the case of ammonium nitrate, it weakens the transition of crystal form due to temperature changes. However, by using component (b) such as a nonionic surfactant in combination with the amine salt,
It is thought that the above-mentioned effects have been significantly increased, which can only be described as a surprising effect.

In the present invention, the term "potassium salt" refers to a substance whose main component is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, and refers not only to potassium ore but also to highly purified potassium chloride and potassium sulfate produced from potash ore.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Example 1 As potash salt, red fine grains from Canada (SNEN ship RD, particle size distribution 9~
An anti-caking test was conducted on the anti-caking agents shown in Table 1 using 48 mesh (96% composition, main component: KCI).

The results are shown in Table 1. (Anti-caking test) A cylindrical hard vinyl chloride mold with an inner diameter of 4 mm was filled with 45 g of potash salt sprayed with a predetermined amount of anti-caking agent (1 yen), weighed 20 k9/12 c, 13 Day 35 Sat 3℃, 3
0±5% R rule Leave the trowel alone.

Thereafter, it is taken out, the breaking strength is determined using a Tensilon compressive strength meter (manufactured by Toyo Balduin ■), and the caking prevention rate is determined using the following formula.

Consolidation prevention rate (%) = Breaking strength of non-additive area - Breaking strength of added area X.

〇 Breaking strength of additive-free area Note 1: A 10% aqueous solution of an anti-caking agent was used.

To spray evenly, use 200 ml of potash salt. -did. Table 1 *) Example of weight of anti-caking agent (solid content) for potash salt 2. White powder from Canada as potash salt (
WhiteSol ribs, particle size distribution 20~8mm
87% and composition KCI of 95% or more), anti-caking tests were conducted on the anti-caking agents shown in Table 2.

The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the standing period was 7 days. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Example of weight increase of anti-caking agent (solid content) for fake Kerj salt 3 Canadian white powder (WhiteSol secretion) and red powder (Coars
The following anti-caking agent composition No. A caking prevention test was conducted on samples Nos. 26 to 32 in the same manner as in Example 2.

*Results are shown in Part 3. <Anti-caking agent composition> Table 3

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 (a) a higher aliphatic amine salt; (b) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, a water-soluble saccharide, and a water-soluble saccharide derivative; , (a)/(
b)=Anti-caking agent of potassium salt contained as an essential component at a blending ratio (weight ratio) of 50/1 to 1/1. 2. The anti-caking agent according to claim 1, wherein the higher aliphatic amine salt (a) is an alkyl or alkenylamine having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.