JPS606568B2 - Semi-distributed hybrid coupler - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a red B directional coupler (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid coupler) for frequencies lower than the UHF band.

Conventional devices of this type that are below the UHF band are generally coupled with three-dimensional circuits or distributed constant lines such as strip lines, and the lower the center frequency, the larger the device size and the heavier it tends to be. be.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a generally known hybrid coupler.

The operation of the hybrid coupler in the illustrated two distributed coupled lines will be explained.

The power input from the terminal 16 is divided in half to the terminal 17 and the terminal 18 so that no output appears at the terminal 19. In other words, if the voltages at each part are defined as shown in Figure 1, the following equation holds true if the coupling coefficient of the two lines is 1/2 and the line length is one-fourth of the wavelength input corresponding to the center frequency fo. . v2=way V...----・--
[1) v3=-i side V...・・・． As can be seen from this equation, a signal appears at terminal 17 at the same level as terminal 18 but with a phase delay of 900 degrees.

An example of the structure of a conventional device of this type is shown in FIG.

In the figure, 1 and 2 are strip lines, and 3 and 4 are printed circuit boards that support the strip lines 1 and 2, respectively. Numerals 5 and 6 are input/output plugs, and similar twill plugs are provided at corresponding positions on the opposite side. 9 is a dielectric material for adjusting the degree of coupling between the lines 1 and 2.

The metal plate 101 is the lid of the storage metal case 11. When line 1 and line 2 are coupled, the following relationship holds true.

Fox o=Zozo (11K)/(10K)...,. ．． [3} Yue=Zoノ(10K)/(11K)……■K=1/ノ2
...{5} Here, O: Odd mode impedance E: Corner mode impedance In such a configuration, the line length of the coupling section is inversely proportional to the frequency used, so the lower the center frequency of the hybrid coupler, the more difficult the device will be. The shape of becomes larger.

Furthermore, the degree of coupling between the two lines is determined by the spacing between the two lines, which tends to be structurally complicated.

Furthermore, it is not easy to create the optimum condition in the fixing work of the printed circuit board 3 and the printed circuit board 4 shown in FIG. There was a problem that the characteristics were seriously impaired. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid coupler that solves the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the above object, the semi-distributed constant hybrid coupler according to the present invention includes a toroidal core made of a magnetic material, a first green material wound around the core a predetermined number of times, and a first wire material wrapped around the core. A second wire is twisted a predetermined number of times and wound around the core the same number of times as the first wire.
and a third wire rod which is further combined with the wire rod group consisting of the first and second wire rods by a number of turns that is a required percentage less than the number of twists of the wire rods, and similarly wound around the core. It has been done.

According to the above configuration, the above object can be completely achieved.

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and the like.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a hybrid coupler according to the present invention. In the figure, 12 is a toroidal core made of ferrite, etc., and 13, 14, 15 are copper wires 16, 17, 18, 1 coated with formet, etc.
9 is a signal input/output terminal; 20 and 21 are ground terminals.
The relationship between each of the input/output terminals 16 to 19 and the ground terminals 20 and 21 is as follows. That is, both ends of the wire 13 are terminals 16 and 17, and both ends of the wire 14 are terminals 18 and 19.
Both ends of the wire 15 are terminals 20 and 21. The number of times the wire rods 13 and 14 are twisted is, for example, 8.9 times/skin, and the wire rods 15 are wound around these wire rods at a rate of once/strip.

This condition satisfies the relationships of equations (3) to (5).As shown in FIG. 3, a signal generator with low power supply impedance is connected to terminal 16, and
Connect a load with an impedance of o to terminals 20 and 21.
If it is grounded, a signal with a level half the input signal level of terminal 16 will appear at terminals 17 and 18, and the signal phase difference between them will be 900 degrees. Also, the center frequency is wire 13,1
It is related to the length from the start of winding to the end of winding for the cores 12 of 4 and 15, and any frequency can be set as the center frequency. Characteristic data actually measured with the hybrid coupler configured as described above is shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6.

Fig. 4 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of coupling degree and isolation, Fig. 5 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of phase,
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of standing wave ratio (VSWR).

Each measurement was made with other terminals impedance matched.

As explained above, the hybrid coupler according to the present invention can be easily configured to be small and lightweight.

Therefore, it can be particularly suitably applied to high frequency circuits of space equipment. i.e. variable attenuator, phase shifter, QPS
This has an excellent effect in that a K modulator, a phase modulator, etc. can be realized in a small size and light weight even at frequencies below the UHF band.

Various modifications and applications can be made to the embodiments described in detail above within the scope of the present invention.

The scope of the present invention extends to all of the claims, including such modifications.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a principle diagram of a quarter-wavelength distributed coupling line type hybrid coupler, Fig. 2 is an actual diagram showing the structure of a conventional hybrid coupler, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention. , FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are graphs showing characteristic examples of the device of the present invention. 1, 2... Strip line, 3, 4...
・Printed circuit board, 5, 6...Input/output plug, 9...
...Dielectric material for adjusting degree of coupling, 10...Metal cover, 11...Metal case for storage, 12...
Ferrite core for toroid, 13, 14, 15...
Holmet wire, 16, 17, 18, 19... signal input terminal, 20, 21... ground terminal. Figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 2 Figure 5 Figure 3 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1: a toroidal core made of a magnetic material; a first wire wound around the core a predetermined number of times;
a second wire rod that is twisted around the wire rod a predetermined number of times and wound around the core the same number of times as the first wire rod; A semi-distributed constant hybrid coupler comprising a third wire rod which is further twisted by a required ratio of fewer windings and similarly wound around the core.