JPS609553B2 - Surfactant used in emulsified fuel composition - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a surfactant for use in emulsified fuel compositions.

Although surfactants for use in emulsified fuel compositions are known in the art, there are several drawbacks to the prior art.

Many of these prior art emulsified fuel compositions using surfactants have a heat release value expressed in BTU (British thermal units, the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water 10F) per pound of fuel oil. The rate is too low, and it does not burn cleanly, producing soot and smoke, causing pollution. Furthermore, it cannot be used with older boilers and does not yet meet the current strict pollution control language standards. In addition to this, the cost of boiler cleaning is high. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surfactant for use in emulsified fuel compositions which is particularly effective in emulsifying fuel oils and which can be used in very small and therefore economical amounts.

The above object is achieved by the surfactant in the present invention.

The surfactant in the present invention is composed of nitrobenzene, benzene, aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, alkylene oxide condensate, and hydrocarbon oil.
Nitrobenzene aids in the dispersing action of the surfactant and its amount is generally 1 to 4%, preferably 5 to 3% by weight of the surfactant. Benzene improves the color of the final composition and tends to increase the BTU value (British thermal units, the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water 10F) per pound of fuel oil.

The amount of benzene used is generally 1 to 4 and preferably 5 to 3% by weight of the amount of surfactant. Another essential component of surfactants is aliphatic mo/carboxylic acids. In the broadest embodiment of the invention, all aliphatic monocarboxylic acids can be used, including unsaturated acids, but with 8 to 3 carbon atoms.
0 saturated acids are preferred. Suitable examples of aliphatic unsaturated mono/carbosic acids include oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Examples of suitable aliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acids include, among others, palmitic acid and stearic acid. The aliphatic monocarboxylic acid generally accounts for 1 to 20, preferably 5 to 15% by weight based on the amount of surfactant.
use Another essential component of surfactants is alkylene oxide condensates. The alkylene oxide may be propylene oxide or ethylene oxide, but the latter is preferred.

In the broadest embodiment of the invention, the alkylene oxide may be condensed with any substance capable of reacting with the alkylene oxide; preferred substances include lower alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic esters of lower alcohols, Aliphatic and alkyl ferries are good. Any alkylene oxide chain length can be used, but
Generally, it is a unit of 10 to 4 alkylene oxides, and a nonionic surfactant is preferable. Particularly preferred is the ethylene oxide condensate represented by formula (CQC date 20-nR) in which R is selected from the group consisting of lower alcohol residues and lower alcohol monocarboxylic acid ester residues, and n is 10 to 4. ≧(including 40).The alkylene oxide condensate is generally used in an amount corresponding to 1 to 20, preferably 5 to 15% by weight based on the amount of surfactant.Another aspect of the present invention is Characteristically, the surfactant preferably contains a sufficient amount of hydrocarbon oil to dissolve and disperse the other ingredients in the surfactant.

The hydrocarbon oil may have the same composition as the fuel oil or may have a different composition. Examples of suitable hydrocarbon oils include No. 4 fuel oil, No. 6 fuel oil, Bangor C fuel oil, kerosene, bank oil and diesel oil, among others. The hydrocarbon oil is generally used in an amount sufficient to dissolve the other ingredients, usually from 2 to 5 percent by weight relative to the amount of surfactant.

Fuel oils useful in emulsified fuel compositions with the surfactants of the present invention are generally hydrocarbon fuel oils having a boiling point of 200° to 400 qo; examples of suitable fuel oils include No. 4 Fuel Oil and No. 6 Fuel Oil, among others. oil and Banger-C fuel oil.

The water useful in the emulsified fuel compositions with the surfactants of the present invention may be any natural water, with or without common minerals and salts.

Although both hard water and soft water can be used in the composition, it is best to avoid, if at all possible, the use of salt water, which has general components similar to seawater. Although the mixing ratio of water and fuel oil can be selected from a wide range,
Good results are obtained when the moisture content of the composition is between 30 and 6% by weight. Optimal results are obtained when the water content in the composition is between 40 and 50% by weight. Surprising measurements have shown that operating outside this range reduces the BTU value per pound of fuel oil. The emulsified fuel composition may be of the water-in-oil type or the oil-in-water type, but it is preferable that the fuel oil be the continuous phase and the water be the discontinuous phase.

The amount of surfactant is generally from 10 to 10 per ton of composition.
00 cc, preferably 50 cc) to 500 cc is used.

The present invention will be further explained in detail with reference to the following examples, in which parts and percentages are based on weight unless otherwise specified.

The following examples teach those skilled in the art the embodiments of the invention,
It is intended to illustrate the best currently known manner for implementing the invention. Example 1 This example demonstrates the synthesis of a surfactant of the present invention.

Blend the following ingredients in the following percentages according to the description. Mix E and E2 and heat to 30°C, immediately add C, and then add the remaining ingredients in the table above.

PEG400 is a polyethylene glycol condensate with an average molecular weight of 400, manufactured by Armor Chemical Company (Annam Che
micaI Company).

TWEEN20 is an ethylene oxide condensate of sorbitan monooleate, manufactured by Atlas Chemical Company (~lasC
commercially available from Chemical Company. Examples 2-9 These examples demonstrate the advantageous properties of emulsified fuel compositions using surfactants of the present invention, and Example 2 shows the advantageous properties of emulsified fuel compositions using surfactants of the present invention. This is a comparative example.

Examples 3 to 9 are examples in which the amount of water was varied. First, regarding Example 3, as shown in the second column of the table, 10
% of water is mixed with 90% of the oil shown in column 3 in the table to form an emulsified fuel composition. 250 cc of surfactant per ton was added to this composition as shown in column 4 in the table, and
120 to 300 per minute using a mixer as shown in the column.
Mix by rotating.

The mixing time is 3 to 10 minutes as shown in column 6 in the table. The obtained emulsion had a specific gravity of 0.96M flower 1, as shown in column 7 in the table. The heat release rate of the composition is ASTM
Test method. D-240 and found 17,63 string TU per pound of composition as shown in column 8 of the table. Dividing the number in column 8 by the moisture percentage in column 3 results in 19,59 TU per pound of fuel oil, and this number is entered in column 9. The flame temperature of the combustion composition was measured and the results are shown on the 1q side of the table. The surfactant used in Example 3 was the one prepared in Example 1. Examples 4 to 9 are exactly the same as Example 1 except for the water content and fuel oil in the second and third columns in the table. Example 2 is a comparative example showing corresponding values for fuel oil to which no water is added.

As can be seen in the table above, in column 8 the heat release rate per pound of the composition is lower, but in column 9 the heat release rate per pound of fuel oil is lower.
The heat release rate per pound is increasing.

Since water is cheaper than fuel oil, the present invention allows BTU
The cost per unit is reduced. Also, as shown in Iso No. 1Q, there is no adverse effect on the flame temperature. The emulsified fuel composition using the surfactant of the present invention burns cleanly, generates little soot and smoke, and has low pollution.Also, it can be used in old boilers while satisfying current pollution control standards, and can be used to clean boilers. The frequency also decreases. Although the invention has been described in considerable detail with certain preferred embodiments, many modifications can be made within the scope of the invention without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A: Nitrobenzene in an amount corresponding to 5 to 30% by weight of the amount of surfactant; B: Benzene in an amount equivalent to 5 to 30% by weight of the amount of surfactant; C: 5% by weight of surfactant.
stearic acid in an amount corresponding to 15% by weight from D R
is selected from the group consisting of lower alcohol residues and lower alcohol monocarboxylic acid ester residues, n is an integer from 10 to 40 (including 40), and corresponds to 5 to 15% by weight based on the amount of surfactant. A surfactant for use in an emulsified fuel composition comprising an ethylene oxide condensate having the formula H (CH_2CH_2O-_nR) present in an amount equal to E and a hydrocarbon oil occupying the remaining amount of the surfactant.