JPS6112081B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a gas-powered device, and more particularly to a vane-type gas-powered device.

[Conventional technology and problems]

Gas prime movers, such as those powered by compressed air, are (1) lightweight and compact, (2) safe and facilitates ventilation, (3) easy to handle, and (4) resistant to load fluctuations. They have many advantages, such as fewer failures and (5) easy speed control, including forward and reverse rotation, but they have the disadvantage of being much lower in efficiency than electric motors.

For this reason, despite the above-mentioned advantages, gas motors have not been widely used until now.

The reason for this is that compressed air expands adiabatically in the gas prime mover, resulting in low efficiency.
In the case of adiabatic expansion, less work can be done compared to the case of isothermal expansion. This is number 10
This will be explained with reference to the figures. Figure 10 shows pressure (P) and volume (volume ratio V/
(expressed as V ₀ ). The solid line ac is isothermal expansion, and the dotted line ac' is adiabatic expansion. Therefore, if we compare the amount of work done by isothermal expansion and the amount of work done by adiabatic expansion, the former is better than the latter in the shaded areas a-c-
It can be seen that there are only c'-b-a.

Next, when using compressed air, the moisture contained in the air freezes due to the rapid cooling effect when the air expands adiabatically, inhibiting the operation of the air prime mover, which accounts for approximately 20% of the effective expansion amount. Another problem is that the amount of expansion is suppressed and most of the energy is wasted. FIG. 9 shows an example of a temperature drop due to adiabatic expansion of compressed air. This figure shows the case where compressed air of 7Kg/cm ² is adiabatically expanded to 1Kg/cm ² at 20℃, and the horizontal axis V/V ₀ represents the volume ratio (V ₀ is at 20℃ and 1 atm). (V is the actual volume at a given compression ratio). In this case, the volume ratio is only 0.17
When it increases to 0℃, it becomes 0℃, and when it reaches 0.20, it becomes −17
℃, and the moisture in the air completely freezes.

Therefore, it is conceivable to provide multiple gas prime movers each having one air supply port and one exhaust port, and connect them through a heating device, but in this case, each prime mover undergoes adiabatic expansion, so the next step is to Even if it is heated before going to the stage, the efficiency is significantly lower compared to isothermal expansion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vane-type gas prime mover that operates as close to isothermal expansion as possible in order to make maximum use of the energy of compressed air.

[Means for solving problems]

A vane-type gas motor drive device of the present invention using compressed gas as a power source has a plurality of stages of vane-type gas motors connected to rotate synchronously. The first-stage prime mover has an air supply port, and the final-stage prime mover has an exhaust port. Between the front and rear stages, the intermediate exhaust port of the previous stage and the intermediate air supply port of the rear stage are connected by independent pipes passing through a heating device. The intermediate exhaust port and the intermediate air supply port are each located so that only one opens into an independent space partitioned by the vane of the prime mover, and the space between the front and rear stages, which are communicated by a pipe, It is characterized in that it rotates while maintaining a corresponding relationship as it rotates, and its total volume increases.

[Effect]

FIG. 2 schematically shows the principle of the gas-powered device of the present invention. When compressed air at pressure P ₁ undergoes adiabatic expansion, it reaches pressure P ₂ along curve AB, but when it expands isothermally, it reaches pressure P ₂ along curve AC. This relationship is as shown in FIG. Next, the three stages of gas prime movers are simply connected, and all the compressed air from the first stage is mixed and enters the second stage, and all the compressed air from the second stage is also mixed and enters the third stage, and each Assuming there is a suitable heating device between the stages, the expansion curve will look like A-D-E-F-G-H. A-D is the first stage adiabatic expansion process, DE is the heating process between the first and second stage, E-F is the second stage adiabatic expansion process, and F- G is the heating step between the second and third stages, and GH is the third stage adiabatic expansion step. In this case, the isothermal curve AC is approached, albeit in stages, so the energy efficiency is improved by that much compared to the case of only adiabatic expansion (A-B). In contrast, in the case of the device of the present invention, the total volume of the corresponding spaces of the front and rear gas prime movers connected by pipes gradually increases as the prime movers rotate, and the corresponding spaces are always connected via a heating device. Therefore, the expansion of compressed gas can be very close to isothermal expansion.
The expansion curve of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 as indicated by AX. It can thus be seen that the expansion curve of the present invention is closer to an isothermal curve. Particularly at high pressures, the closeness to the isothermal curve is an important advantage. This further improves energy efficiency.
In this way, the gas power device of the present invention is capable of: (a) connecting multiple stages of gas motors, and (b) expanding and heating the compressed air in each stage while preventing them from mixing with each other. , is characterized in that the overall efficiency is very close to that of isothermal expansion.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vane type gas power device according to an embodiment of the present invention. This device has a first-stage gas prime mover 1, a second-stage gas prime mover 2, and a third-stage gas prime mover 3, and each prime mover is synchronously connected by a rotating shaft 8. Each gas prime mover 1, 2, 3
It has eccentric rotors 91, 92, and 93, and eight vanes 41, 42, and 43 are slidably provided in radial grooves provided at equal intervals in each rotor. The vanes protrude outward in the radial direction due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the rotor, and the tips of the vanes come into sliding contact with the inner walls of the casings 101, 102, and 103 of the gas motor. As a result, a compressed air space is formed by the casing inner wall, the adjacent vane pair, and the rotor outer wall. In FIG. 1, these spaces are labeled a to x.

The pressure gas source 7 is the air supply port S ₀ of the first stage gas prime mover 1
is connected to. Air supply port S ₀ is the first stage gas prime mover 1
It is formed to open into four spaces.
There are also four intermediate exhaust ports on the opposite side of the air supply port S ₀ .
D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , and D ₁₄ are formed at equal intervals on the cylinder wall. Since each vane is also arranged at equal intervals, there is always one intermediate exhaust port in the space opposite to the air supply port _S0 .

The casing 102 of the second stage gas prime mover 2 is also provided with intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₂₃ , S ₂₄ and intermediate exhaust ports D ₂₁ , D ₂₂ , D ₂₃ , D ₂₄ at equal intervals. Intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₂₃ , and S ₂₄ are connected to intermediate exhaust ports D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , and D ₁₄ of the first stage gas prime mover 1, respectively, and pipes.
They are connected by P ₁₁ , P ₁₂ , P ₁₃ , and P ₁₄ . Moreover, all the pipes P ₁₁ to _{P 14} pass through the heating device 5. Note that the rotor 92 of the second stage gas prime mover 2 also has eight vanes equally spaced, and eight spaces are formed by each adjacent vane, the rotor 92, and the inner wall of the casing 102, so that the intermediate air supply port S ₂₁ ~ _S24 and intermediate exhaust ports _D21 ~ _D24 each open into one space. Furthermore, since the second stage gas motor 2 is formed somewhat larger than that of the first stage, each space is also larger than that of the first stage.

The third stage gas prime mover 3, which is somewhat larger than the second stage gas prime mover 2, has intermediate air supply ports S ₃₁ , S ₃₂ , S ₃₃ , and S ₃₄ provided at equal intervals in the casing 103 and on the opposite side of the casing 103. It has an exhaust port D ₀ provided. Note that the angular interval between the intermediate air supply ports S ₃₁ to _{S 34} is equal to the angular interval between the intermediate air supply ports and the intermediate exhaust port of the gas prime mover at the other stage. The exhaust port D ₀ is always formed to open into four adjacent spaces. In addition, intermediate air supply ports S ₃₁ , S ₃₂ , S ₃₃ , and S ₃₄ are connected to intermediate exhaust ports D ₂₁ , D ₂₂ , D ₂₃ , and D ₂₄ of the second stage gas prime mover 2, respectively, and pipes.
Connected by P ₂₁ , P ₂₂ , P ₂₃ , P ₂₄ , pipe
All of P ₂₁ to _{P 24} pass through the heating device 6.

The operation of the vane type gas power device having the above configuration will be explained.

In the state shown in FIG. 1, the air supply port _S0 opens into spaces a to d of the first stage gas prime mover 1, and the intermediate exhaust port
D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , and D ₁₄ are spaces e, f, g, and
It opens at h. Further, the intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S 23 , and S 24 of the second stage gas prime mover 2 are space i, S 22 , S ₂₃ , and S ₂₄ , respectively.
j, k, and intermediate exhaust ports D ₂₁ , D ₂₂ ,
D ₂₃ and D ₂₄ open to spaces m, n, o, and p, respectively. Furthermore, the intermediate air supply port of the third stage gas prime mover 3
S ₃₁ , S ₃₂ , S ₃₃ , and S ₃₄ open to spaces q, r, s, and t, and the exhaust port D ₀ opens to spaces u, v, w, and x.

Air supply port from pressurized gas source 7 to first stage gas prime mover 1
When pressurized gas, for example compressed air, is supplied to S ₀ , the compressed air enters each space a, b, c, d, and the rotor 91 rotates in the direction of the arrow due to the expansion action of the compressed air. This compressed air moves sequentially to the positions of spaces e, f, g, and h by the rotation of the rotor 91, and is discharged there from intermediate exhaust ports D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , and D ₁₄ .
Here, since each of the spaces a to h is partitioned by the vane 41, air having different expansion ratios is discharged from the intermediate exhaust ports D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , and D ₁₄ .

If we pay attention to the space e, the compressed air therein passes through the pipe P ₁₁ to the space i of the second stage gas prime mover 2.
However, since the gas prime movers at each stage are connected in synchronization, when the space e moves to the space f due to the rotation of the rotor 91, the space i also moves to the space j at the same time.
go to the position. The air that has entered the space e is then passed through the pipe from the intermediate exhaust port _D12 that opens into the space f.
It passes through P ₁₂ and S ₂₂ , and enters space j (where the air that was in space i is coming from). In this way, it can be seen that the spaces in the front and rear stages rotate while always maintaining a corresponding relationship with ei, fj, gk, and hl. Therefore, the compressed air is passed through the pipes P ₁₁ , P 12 , P ₁₂ ,
It passes through P ₁₃ and P ₁₄ and enters the prime mover 2 in the latter stage. The volume of compressed gas is sequentially (e+i) → (f+i) → (g+
Since the pressure increases as k)→(h+l), the pressure also decreases. During this pressure reduction, appropriate heating is performed by the heating device 5, so that the expansion process can be made to approximate an isothermal curve. In other words, the temperature drop during each expansion can be prevented by energy supply by the heating device 5. Therefore, by optimizing the heating temperature in the heating device 5, the expansion curve can be brought as close as possible to the isothermal curve. What is important is that the total volume of the spaces in the front and rear stages increases, but the spaces e to h in the front stages do not necessarily need to increase. This is because the rate of increase in the space i→l in the subsequent stage is large, so even if the volume decreases from e→h, the total increases by 1 space.

The same holds true for the relationship between the second stage gas prime mover 2 and the third stage gas prime mover 3. That is, the air in space m enters space q, and due to the synchronous rotation of rotors 92 and 93, m → r (intermediate exhaust port D ₂₂ ), o → s (intermediate exhaust port D _{23 ), p → t (intermediate exhaust port D 22} ), and air in space m enters space q. It enters the space corresponding to the opening D ₂₄ ) and the third stage gas prime mover 3. In this case as well, the air in each space does not mix. Further, _the pipes P _{21 to P 24 between the intermediate exhaust ports D 21 to D 24} and the intermediate air supply ports S ₃₁ to _{S 34} are independently heated by the heating device 6.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a heating device. The air expanded to a certain extent in the first stage gas prime mover at each expansion stage has a different expansion ratio, and therefore has a different temperature. That is, the air discharged from the intermediate exhaust port _D11 has a relatively high temperature, but the expansion ratio of the air discharged from _D12 , _D13 , and _D14 gradually increases, so that the air discharged from the pipes _P11 , _P12 , _P13 , the temperature of the air flowing through P ₁₄ also decreases. Therefore relatively hot pipes
Install P ₁₁ at the top, and below P ₁₂ and P ₁₃ P ₁₄
The heating effect can be increased by installing the hot air at the bottom and blowing hot air from the upper air outlet 11 and exhausting the air from the lower air outlet 12.

The above explanation uses compressed air as the pressure gas used in a vane-type gas-powered device, but it is of course possible to achieve the same purpose by using steam as the pressure gas, as shown in Figure 4. . When steam is used as the pressurized gas, the exhaust heat of the steam generator 53 can be used as a heat source for the heating device 5 of the gas-powered device, so the efficiency of the gas-powered device can be further improved. 54 is a condenser, and 55 is a pressure pump.

As a vane type gas prime mover used in the present invention,
A type in which the vanes move in and out radially as the rotor rotates may be used, but an axially sliding airfoil type as shown in FIG. 5 may also be used. Note that FIGS. 6 to 8 show cross sections of the main parts thereof. In this embodiment, the axially sliding vane type gas prime mover 56 has two stages, and the first stage working chamber 57 has an air supply port.
There is an exhaust port _{D 0 in} the second stage working chamber 58.
There is. Also, the first stage working chamber 57 has an intermediate exhaust port.
D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , D ₁₄ , and a second stage working chamber 5
8 is provided with intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₂₃ , and S ₂₄ .
Vanes 41 and 42 are always interposed between these mutually adjacent intermediate exhaust ports and intermediate air supply ports,
Further, between the intermediate exhaust ports D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , D ₁₄ and the corresponding intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₂₃ , S ₂₄ , a group of pipes P ₁₁ are connected via the heating device 5, respectively. , P ₁₂ , P ₁₃ ,
Connected by P ₁₄ . Furthermore, the air supply port S ₀ of the first stage working chamber 57 is connected to a pressure gas source (not shown).

The effects of the vane type gas power device having the above configuration will be explained. First, when pressure gas, for example compressed air, is supplied from a pressure gas source to the air supply port _S0 of the first stage working chamber 57, the compressed air surrounded by the rotor 91, vane 41, and casing 101 is
The rotor 91 is rotated in the direction of the arrow by the expansion effect of its volume. In other words, the vanes 41 mounted on the rotor 91 follow the cams 59 of the first stage working chamber 57 and the cams 60 of the final stage working chamber 58, and rotate while sliding in close contact with each other in the axial direction. It provides rotational force in the direction of the arrow. The air in this expansion process flows through the intermediate exhaust ports D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ ,
It is sequentially discharged from D ₁₃ and D ₁₄ . these exhaust ports
The air discharged from D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ , D ₁₃ , and D ₁₄ passes through pipes P ₁₁ , P ₁₂ , P ₁₃ , and P ₁₄ , respectively, and is heated by the heating device 5 on the way to the second stage working chamber 58 . The air is guided to intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₂₃ , and S ₂₄ . At this time, the first
Intermediate exhaust ports D ₁₁ and D ₁₃ , D ₁₂ and D ₁₃ of the stage working chamber 57,
Since the vane 41 is always interposed between D ₁₃ and D ₁₄ , air having different expansion ratios is discharged. This air with different expansion ratios flows into the second stage working chamber 5.
8 intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ , S ₂₂ , S ₂₃ , S ₂₄ ,
It expands again and is discharged from the intermediate exhaust ports D ₂₁ , D ₂₂ , D ₂₃ , and D ₂₄ at each expansion stage while applying rotational force to the rotating shaft 8 . Also in this second stage working chamber 58, since the vanes 42 are always interposed between the intermediate air supply ports S ₂₁ and S ₂₂ , S ₂₂ and S ₂₃ , and S ₂₃ and S ₂₄ , air from each expansion stage is mixed. Never.

In this way, the air having different expansion ratios from the first stage working chamber 57 is independently led to the pipe and passes through the heating device in the middle, so that the heating effect can be further improved. In FIGS. 5 to 8, two stages of working chambers and one heating device are used, but by further increasing the number of working chambers and heating devices, it is possible to closely approximate ideal isothermal expansion. In other words, when the compressed air supplied from the pressure gas source to the air supply port S ₀ of the first stage working chamber 57 is discharged from the exhaust port D ₀ of the final stage working chamber at atmospheric pressure, all of the energy possessed by the compressed air is can be utilized most effectively. Furthermore, the first
It is most desirable that the supply air amount and the exhaust amount of the working chambers constituting the stages to the final stage be selected so as to be located on an expansion curve transitioning from the first stage working chamber to the final stage working chamber.

5 to 8 have a configuration in which rotational force is obtained by expanding air using multi-stage working chambers in the form of axially sliding vanes, so that the gas-powered device itself can be made extremely compact.

Furthermore, although FIGS. 5 to 8 show a configuration in which rotational force is obtained by expanding air by using a multi-stage working chamber of an axially sliding blade type, the configuration is not limited to this, and the configuration is not limited to this. Exactly the same purpose can be achieved with a gas prime mover constructed of parallel multi-stage gas prime movers.

The same purpose can also be achieved by using steam instead of compressed air as the pressure gas, and when using steam, the exhaust heat from the steam generator can be used as a heat source for the heating device. The efficiency of the gas-powered device can be further improved.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above description, the vane-type gas motive power device according to the present invention has novel functions not found in conventional products, and has many excellent effects as described below.

(1) It consists of a multi-stage gas prime mover, and the space formed by the rotor, vane, and casing of each gas prime mover is independently connected by an intermediate exhaust port and an intermediate air supply port, so each expansion stage is independent. Since this expansion can be repeated and there is a heating device between the intermediate exhaust port and the intermediate air supply port, the expansion of the entire device can be brought close to ideal isothermal expansion.

(2) Because it is close to ideal isothermal expansion, the energy of compressed gas can be utilized to the maximum,
Good efficiency.

(3) Also, since it is close to isothermal expansion, it is possible to effectively prevent the problem of water freezing caused by adiabatic expansion.

Additionally, there are the following additional effects:

(4) The group of pipes leading from the intermediate exhaust port to the intermediate air supply port is interposed with a heating device midway, so the gas is effectively heated.

(5) The pressure difference between both sides of the vane is reduced, reducing wear and friction loss.

(6) Since the expansion is performed in multiple stages, the difference in flow rate between each expansion stage is small, and the heating effect is significantly increased.

(7) The structure is simple, small, and lightweight.

(8) There are few breakdowns and maintenance is easy.

(9) Low production cost and long life.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vane-type gas prime mover according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the expansion curve of compressed gas and the isothermal expansion and adiabatic expansion curves in the gas prime mover of the present invention. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a heating device in the apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a vane type gas power device according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an axial sliding vane type prime mover used in the device of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 7, and FIG. 8 is a Z-Z sectional view of FIG. 9, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between compressed air volume and temperature, and FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between compressed air volume and temperature. It is a graph showing the relationship between volume and pressure. 1, 2, 3: Gas prime mover, 41, 42, 43:
Vane, 5, 6: heating device, 7: pressure gas source,
8: Rotating shaft, 91, 92, 93: Rotor, 10
1, 102, 103: Casing, 53: Steam generator, 56: Axial sliding vane _{type prime mover, S0: Air supply port, D0: Exhaust port, D11 to D24 : Intermediate exhaust} port, S21 _to
S ₃₄ : Intermediate air supply port.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A vane-type gas-powered device using compressed gas as a power source, which includes a plurality of stages of vane-type gas-powered motors connected to rotate synchronously, and the first stage has an air supply port. Each of the final stages is equipped with an exhaust port, and between the preceding and succeeding stages, the intermediate exhaust port of the previous stage and the intermediate air supply port of the latter stage are connected by an independent pipe passing through a heating device, and the intermediate exhaust port and the intermediate Each of the air supply ports is located so that only one opens into an independent space partitioned by the vane of the vane-type gas prime mover, and the spaces in the front and rear stages, which are communicated by pipes, have a corresponding relationship according to the rotation of the gas prime mover. A vane-type gas-powered device characterized by rotating while maintaining its position and increasing its total volume. 2. The vane type gas prime mover according to claim 1, wherein the rotating shafts of the plurality of stages of vane type gas prime movers are integrally connected. 3. The vane type gas power device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compressed gas is heated steam, and the heating device is connected to the exhaust heat side of the steam generator. A vane-type gas-powered device. 4. The vane-type gas motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vane-type gas motor is of a multi-stage axially sliding blade type. prime mover.