JPS6115248B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPS6115248B2 JPS6115248B2 JP9497579A JP9497579A JPS6115248B2 JP S6115248 B2 JPS6115248 B2 JP S6115248B2 JP 9497579 A JP9497579 A JP 9497579A JP 9497579 A JP9497579 A JP 9497579A JP S6115248 B2 JPS6115248 B2 JP S6115248B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- condenser
- working medium
- temperature
- propane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は冷熱エネルギ回収方法に係り、特に温
度落差を媒体の運転エネルギに変換し外部仕事と
して取り出す冷熱エネルギ回収方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for recovering cold energy, and more particularly to a method for recovering cold energy by converting a temperature drop into operating energy of a medium and extracting it as external work.
近年、液化天然ガス（以下LNGと略称する）
の需要増大に伴い、冷熱有効利用の必要性が強調
されている。LNG冷熱利用技術分野のうち最も
重要視されているものの一つとして冷熱利用発電
があり、該冷熱利用発電は比較的安価な高温熱源
（例えば海水あるいは工場温排水）と低温熱源
（LNG）との間の温度落差を利用し、両熱源間を
循環する作動媒体に運動エネルギを与え、膨張機
によつてこの媒体の運動エネルギを系外に取り出
すものである。 In recent years, liquefied natural gas (hereinafter abbreviated as LNG)
With the increasing demand for electricity, the need for effective use of cooling energy is being emphasized. One of the most important LNG cold energy utilization technologies is cold energy power generation, which combines a relatively inexpensive high-temperature heat source (for example, seawater or factory heated wastewater) with a low-temperature heat source (LNG). The temperature difference between the two heat sources is used to impart kinetic energy to the working medium circulating between the two heat sources, and the kinetic energy of this medium is extracted outside the system by an expander.
冷熱エネルギ回収装置は未だ殆ど稼動しておら
ず、実操業において如何なる問題が発生するか予
想し難いが、予期される問題点として、膨張機が
機械的あるいは動力源的な原因などにより駆動不
良になつた場合や消費先における天然ガスの消費
量が大巾に減少した場合に、作動媒体と低温熱源
との熱交換を行う凝縮器で熱収支の平衡が崩れ、
冷熱エネルギ回収率の低下及びLNG蒸発機能の
低下が惹き起されることが挙げられる。 The cold energy recovery equipment is still hardly in operation, and it is difficult to predict what kind of problems will occur in actual operation, but one possible problem is that the expander may malfunction due to mechanical or power source-related causes. When the natural gas consumption at the consumer site decreases significantly, the heat balance in the condenser that exchanges heat between the working medium and the low-temperature heat source is disrupted.
These include a decrease in the cold energy recovery rate and a decrease in the LNG evaporation function.
本発明の目的は、膨張機が駆動不良になつた場
合及び／又は消費先での天然ガスの消費量が変動
した場合においても冷熱エネルギの回収及び
LNGの蒸発操作を安定に行うことができる冷熱
エネルギ回収方法を提供することにある。 The purpose of the present invention is to recover and recover cold energy even when the expander becomes malfunctioning and/or when the consumption of natural gas at the consumption site fluctuates.
The object of the present invention is to provide a cold energy recovery method that can stably perform an LNG evaporation operation.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するための手段とし
て、作動媒体と低温熱源であるLNGとの熱交換
を行う凝縮器の入口側に調整弁を設け、作動媒体
圧力を調整し、凝縮器の出口側の作動媒体を常に
液化するようにしたものである。 As a means for achieving the above object, the present invention provides a regulating valve on the inlet side of a condenser that exchanges heat between the working medium and LNG, which is a low-temperature heat source, to adjust the pressure of the working medium, and to adjust the pressure at the outlet of the condenser. The working medium on the side is always liquefied.
上記作動媒体として、メタン、エタン、プロパ
ン、エチレン、フロン又はこれらの混合物が使用
されるが、以下特にプロパンを用いた例について
説明する。 As the working medium, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, chlorofluorocarbon or a mixture thereof is used, and an example using propane will be described below.
第１図は、本発明の方法を実施するに好適な冷
熱エネルギ回収装置の一例を示すものであり、こ
の図においてLNG１が気化して天然ガス２にな
る際の寒冷を利用して作動媒体４で示されるプロ
パンガスが凝縮器３で凝縮液化され、液レシーバ
５に貯留される。液化プロパンは循環ポンプ６に
より昇圧され、蒸発器８に導かれ、該蒸発器８で
海水７によつて気化され高圧ガスとなる。次いで
該高圧ガスは膨張タービン９に導入され、ここで
膨張し外部に対して仕事が成される。１０は膨張
タービン９によつて駆動される発電機であり、通
常の運転中は外部電源系統に並列接続される。膨
張したプロパンガスは再び凝縮器３に導かれる。 FIG. 1 shows an example of a cold energy recovery device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. Propane gas represented by is condensed and liquefied in the condenser 3 and stored in the liquid receiver 5. The liquefied propane is pressurized by the circulation pump 6 and guided to the evaporator 8, where it is vaporized by the seawater 7 and becomes a high-pressure gas. The high pressure gas is then introduced into an expansion turbine 9 where it is expanded and work is done to the outside. Reference numeral 10 denotes a generator driven by the expansion turbine 9, which is connected in parallel to an external power supply system during normal operation. The expanded propane gas is led to the condenser 3 again.
上記の如く構成された冷熱エネルギ回収装置に
おいて、膨張タービン９が機械的あるいは動力源
的な原因などにより駆動不良になると、膨張ター
ビン９を出たプロパンは、定常運転時に比較して
温度が高くなり、凝縮器３出口で完全には液化せ
ず、いわゆる気液混合状態になる。そしてこの気
液混合状態のプロパンが循環ポンプ６に入ると、
ポンプの機能が低下し、場合によつては循環ポン
プの停止を招き、その結果、エネルギ回収が不可
能になり、さらにLNG蒸発停止にもつながる。 In the cold energy recovery device configured as described above, if the expansion turbine 9 becomes malfunctioning due to mechanical or power source causes, the temperature of the propane exiting the expansion turbine 9 will be higher than during steady operation. , it is not completely liquefied at the outlet of the condenser 3 and becomes a so-called gas-liquid mixed state. When this gas-liquid mixed propane enters the circulation pump 6,
Pump performance deteriorates and, in some cases, causes the circulation pump to stop, which makes energy recovery impossible and also leads to LNG evaporation stoppage.
また、天然ガスの消費量が減少した場合も上記
と同様な結果になる。すなわち、定常運転では凝
縮器３でのプロパンとLNGの熱交換操作は正常
に行われ、プロパンは液化、LNGは気化する
が、天然ガス２の消費量が減少すると、凝縮器３
内での熱収支の平衡が崩れ、LNG側の熱量が小
さくなるため、プロパンは凝縮器３の出口で完全
には液化できなくなる。 Furthermore, the same results as above will be obtained when the consumption of natural gas decreases. That is, in steady operation, the heat exchange operation between propane and LNG in condenser 3 is performed normally, propane is liquefied and LNG is vaporized, but when the consumption of natural gas 2 decreases, condenser 3
The heat balance within the LNG is disrupted and the amount of heat on the LNG side decreases, making it impossible for propane to completely liquefy at the outlet of the condenser 3.
本発明によれば、膨張タービンが駆動不良の場
合及び／又は天然ガスの消費量減少の場合におい
ても、凝縮器３の入口側に圧力調整弁１５を設
け、凝縮器３の出口プロパンの圧力及び温度を圧
力測定器１１及び温度測定器１２で測定し、両値
を演算器１３に導き、ここで演算した値により圧
力調整器１４を介して上記圧力調整弁１５を操作
することにより、プロパンを完全に液化する圧力
にすることができる。プロパンの圧力調整に当つ
ては、循環ポンプ６の吐出側に設けたバイパス回
路から必要に応じてプロパンの一部を自力圧力調
整弁１６を介して液レシーバ５に戻す。 According to the present invention, even when the expansion turbine is malfunctioning and/or when the consumption of natural gas is reduced, the pressure regulating valve 15 is provided on the inlet side of the condenser 3, and the pressure of the propane at the outlet of the condenser 3 is adjusted. The temperature is measured with a pressure measuring device 11 and a temperature measuring device 12, both values are led to a computing device 13, and the pressure regulating valve 15 is operated via a pressure regulator 14 based on the computed value, thereby producing propane. The pressure can be increased to complete liquefaction. To adjust the pressure of propane, a portion of the propane is returned to the liquid receiver 5 from a bypass circuit provided on the discharge side of the circulation pump 6 via the self-powered pressure regulating valve 16 as necessary.
以下本発明を媒体の圧力−エンタルピ線図に基
づいて説明する。第２図及び第３図は媒体の圧力
−エンタルピ線図を示したもので、飽和液線の左
側が液相、飽和蒸気線の右側が気相、飽和液線と
飽和蒸気線の内部が気液混相を表わす（第３図に
は、各相状態での温度線も示されている。）。第２
図において膨張タービン９が正常に運転されてい
る時の媒体は、凝縮器３の入口において圧力P1の
気相のＡ点に位置し、LNGとの熱交換により液
相のＢ点に移行する。一方、膨張タービン９の駆
動状態が不良の時の媒体が、凝縮器３入口で圧力
P2の気相のＣ点にあるとすると、LNGとの熱交
換により気液混相状態のＤ点に移行する。すなわ
ち、媒体は正常状態の膨張タービンを通つた場合
に比べ温度が高いため熱容量が大きくなり、
LNGと熱交換しても完全に液化しない。しかし
ながら本発明において圧力測定器１１及び温度測
定器１２により凝縮器３出口の媒体の圧力及び温
度を測定し、演算器１３により媒体の相状態を判
定し、圧力調整器１４及び圧力調整弁１５により
圧力をP3に調整することによつて液相のＥ点に移
行させ、凝縮器３の出口側の媒体を常に液化状態
に保つことができる。 The present invention will be explained below based on a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a medium. Figures 2 and 3 show pressure-enthalpy diagrams of the medium, where the left side of the saturated liquid line is the liquid phase, the right side of the saturated vapor line is the gas phase, and the inside of the saturated liquid line and saturated vapor line is the gas phase. It represents a liquid mixed phase (Fig. 3 also shows temperature lines in each phase state). Second
In the figure, when the expansion turbine 9 is operating normally, the medium is located at point A in the gas phase at a pressure P 1 at the inlet of the condenser 3, and moves to point B in the liquid phase by heat exchange with LNG. . On the other hand, when the driving condition of the expansion turbine 9 is poor, the medium is under pressure at the inlet of the condenser 3.
If it is at point C in the gas phase of P 2 , it will move to point D in a gas-liquid mixed phase state due to heat exchange with LNG. In other words, the temperature of the medium is higher than when it passes through an expansion turbine under normal conditions, so its heat capacity increases.
Even after heat exchange with LNG, it does not completely liquefy. However, in the present invention, the pressure and temperature of the medium at the outlet of the condenser 3 are measured by the pressure measuring device 11 and the temperature measuring device 12, the phase state of the medium is determined by the calculating unit 13, and the pressure regulating device 14 and the pressure regulating valve 15 are used to determine the phase state of the medium. By adjusting the pressure to P 3 , the medium can be moved to point E of the liquid phase, and the medium on the outlet side of the condenser 3 can be kept in a liquefied state at all times.
第１図の冷熱エネルギ回収装置を用いた本発明
の一実施例を示せば次の如くである。すなわち、
LNG蒸発量が100t/h、プロパン循環量が125t/h、
海水流量が2750t/hである定常運転での凝縮器３
出口のプロパンは圧力1.03ata、温度−46℃であ
り、液相状態にある。これに対し、膨張タービン
９が駆動不良の場合には凝縮器３出口のプロパン
は圧力2.2ata、温度−20℃であり、気液混相状態
にあつて完全には液化していない。凝縮器３の出
口において媒体が気液混相状態となるのを阻止す
るため、上記したような本発明の圧力調整操作に
よりプロパン圧力を2.5ata迄上昇させることによ
り凝縮器３出口のプロパンを完全に液化すること
ができた。 An embodiment of the present invention using the cold energy recovery device shown in FIG. 1 is as follows. That is,
LNG evaporation amount is 100t/h, propane circulation amount is 125t/h,
Condenser 3 in steady operation with seawater flow rate of 2750t/h
The propane at the outlet has a pressure of 1.03 ata and a temperature of -46°C, and is in a liquid phase. On the other hand, when the expansion turbine 9 is malfunctioning, the propane at the outlet of the condenser 3 has a pressure of 2.2 ata and a temperature of -20 DEG C., and is in a gas-liquid multiphase state and not completely liquefied. In order to prevent the medium from entering a gas-liquid mixed phase state at the outlet of the condenser 3, the propane pressure at the outlet of the condenser 3 is completely removed by increasing the propane pressure to 2.5 ata by the pressure adjustment operation of the present invention as described above. It could be liquefied.
又、天然ガスの消費量が減少した場合、換言す
ればLNGの蒸発量が減少した場合も媒体の熱容
量が大きくなり、媒体が凝縮器３の出口で気液混
相状態になるが、この場合も上記と同様に圧力調
整することにより媒体を液相化することができ
る。 In addition, when the consumption of natural gas decreases, in other words, when the amount of evaporation of LNG decreases, the heat capacity of the medium increases, and the medium enters a gas-liquid mixed phase state at the outlet of the condenser 3. The medium can be turned into a liquid phase by adjusting the pressure in the same manner as above.
第４図は、作動媒体のバイパスラインを設けた
本発明の変形例を示すものである。冷熱エネルギ
回収装置において膨張タービン９が機械的あるい
は動力源的な原因などにより完全に停止すること
も有り得るが、このような場合に第４図の弁１７
を閉にし、弁１９を開にしてプロパンをバイパス
管１８を通して循環させ、更に凝縮器３出口プロ
パンの圧力及び温度を圧力測定器１１及び温度測
定器１２により測定し、両値を演算器１３に導
き、ここで演算した値により圧力調整器１４を介
して圧力調整弁１５を操作することによりプロパ
ンを完全に液化することができ、これにより膨張
タービン９が停止した場合においても天然ガス生
成を安定に保持でき、更に膨張タービン復帰に際
しても直ちに冷熱エネルギを回収できるという利
点がある。 FIG. 4 shows a modification of the invention in which a working medium bypass line is provided. In the cold energy recovery device, the expansion turbine 9 may be completely stopped due to mechanical or power source reasons, but in such a case, the valve 17 in FIG.
is closed, the valve 19 is opened to circulate propane through the bypass pipe 18, and the pressure and temperature of the propane at the outlet of the condenser 3 are measured by the pressure measuring device 11 and the temperature measuring device 12, and both values are sent to the calculator 13. By operating the pressure regulating valve 15 via the pressure regulator 14 based on the calculated value, propane can be completely liquefied, thereby stabilizing natural gas production even when the expansion turbine 9 is stopped. It has the advantage that it can be maintained at a constant temperature, and that cold energy can be immediately recovered even when the expansion turbine returns.
以上本発明によれば、膨張機が駆動不良になつ
た場合及び／又は消費先での天然ガスの消費量が
変動した場合においても冷熱エネルギの回収及び
LNGの蒸発操作を安定に行うことができる冷熱
エネルギ回収方法が提供された。 As described above, according to the present invention, cold energy can be recovered and
A cold energy recovery method that can stably perform LNG evaporation operations has been provided.
第１図は本発明の方法を実施するに好適な冷熱
エネルギ回収装置を示すブロツク図、第２図及び
第３図は作動媒体の圧力−エンタルピ線図、第４
図は本発明の方法を実施するに好適な他の冷熱エ
ネルギ回収装置を示すブロツク図である。
１……液化天然ガス（LNG）、２……天然ガ
ス、３……凝縮器、４……作動媒体、５……液レ
シーバ、６……循環ポンプ、７……海水、８……
蒸発器、９……膨張タービン、１０……発電機、
１１……圧力測定器、１２……温度測定器、１３
……演算器、１４……圧力調整器、１５……圧力
調整弁、１６……自力圧力調整弁。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a cold energy recovery device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are pressure-enthalpy diagrams of the working medium, and FIG.
The figure is a block diagram showing another cold energy recovery device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. 1...Liquefied natural gas (LNG), 2...Natural gas, 3...Condenser, 4...Working medium, 5...Liquid receiver, 6...Circulation pump, 7...Seawater, 8...
Evaporator, 9... expansion turbine, 10... generator,
11...Pressure measuring device, 12...Temperature measuring device, 13
...Arithmetic unit, 14...Pressure regulator, 15...Pressure regulation valve, 16...Self pressure regulation valve.
Claims (1)
化された作動媒体を膨張機に導いて膨張仕事を系
外に取り出し、減圧された作動媒体を凝縮器にお
いて低温熱源と熱交換して液化し、液化作動媒体
を昇圧したのち再び蒸発器において高温熱源と熱
交換して気化する一連の操作を繰り返す冷熱エネ
ルギ回収方法において、凝縮器出口側の作動媒体
の圧力と温度を測定し、該測定値に基づき凝縮器
入口側に設けた圧力調整弁により作動媒体の圧力
を制御し、凝縮器出口側の作動媒体を常に液化状
態に保つことを特徴とする冷熱エネルギ回収方
法。1. The working medium vaporized in the evaporator through heat exchange with a high-temperature heat source is guided to an expander to take out the work of expansion outside the system, and the depressurized working medium is liquefied by heat exchange with a low-temperature heat source in the condenser. In a cold energy recovery method that repeats a series of operations in which the working medium is pressurized and then vaporized by exchanging heat with a high-temperature heat source in the evaporator, the pressure and temperature of the working medium at the outlet of the condenser are measured, and based on the measured values. A cold energy recovery method characterized in that the pressure of the working medium is controlled by a pressure regulating valve provided on the condenser inlet side, and the working medium on the condenser outlet side is always kept in a liquefied state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9497579A JPS5620709A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1979-07-27 | Method of recovering cold and hot energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9497579A JPS5620709A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1979-07-27 | Method of recovering cold and hot energy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5620709A JPS5620709A (en) | 1981-02-26 |
| JPS6115248B2 true JPS6115248B2 (en) | 1986-04-23 |
Family
ID=14124905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9497579A Granted JPS5620709A (en) | 1979-07-27 | 1979-07-27 | Method of recovering cold and hot energy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5620709A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5875253B2 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2016-03-02 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | Combined power generation system |
| JP2016011657A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-21 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Waste heat regeneration system |
| JP6616235B2 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2019-12-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Waste heat recovery system |
| CN112393486B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-06-21 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Method for utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas |
-
1979
- 1979-07-27 JP JP9497579A patent/JPS5620709A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5620709A (en) | 1981-02-26 |
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