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JPS6116748B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6116748B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6116748B2
JPS6116748B2 JP54021991A JP2199179A JPS6116748B2 JP S6116748 B2 JPS6116748 B2 JP S6116748B2 JP 54021991 A JP54021991 A JP 54021991A JP 2199179 A JP2199179 A JP 2199179A JP S6116748 B2 JPS6116748 B2 JP S6116748B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
silicon nitride
sintered body
sintering
amount
surface area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP54021991A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS55116674A (en
Inventor
Masakatsu Fujisaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
Original Assignee
Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority to JP2199179A priority Critical patent/JPS55116674A/en
Publication of JPS55116674A publication Critical patent/JPS55116674A/en
Publication of JPS6116748B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6116748B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、窒化珪素質焼結体特には高密度で高
耐酸化性の窒化珪素質焼結体の製造法に関するも
のである。 窒化珪素(Si3N4)質焼結体は、すぐれた耐熱
性、耐熱衝撃性、高強度、高い耐蝕性などの性質
を備えており、特に近年ターピンブレード、軸
受、高温ベアリングなどすぐれた機械的性質を必
要とするエンジニアリングセラミツクス材料とし
て注目されており、その使用用途も広く開発され
つつある。 しかしながら、窒化珪素は、それらの特質を発
揮するためには、その焼結体として気孔率が小さ
く高密度で高い強度のものとする必要があるが、
一般にその焼結は困難でホツトプレス以外では充
分な焼結体が得られていないのが実状である。 一方、ホツトプレスは、比較的簡単な形状或は
比較的小形の場合にしか適用しにくいことや一度
に多量の成形体をつくることが困難なこと、さら
に使用するダイスの消耗によるコスト高などのた
め、その範囲が制限されている。 これに対し、気孔率の小さい焼結体を得る方法
として焼結反応助剤を添加した窒化珪素粉末を成
形後焼結する普通焼結法が知られている。例え
ば、焼結助剤たるものとして、酸化マグネシウム
(MgO)、酸化アルミニウム(A2O3)、シリカ
(SiO2)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、酸化チタン(TiO2
などがその典型的なものとして知られ、それなり
の効果が得られている。焼結助剤の効果は、窒化
珪素粒表面に生成されている酸化珪素被膜と反応
し、ないしは、窒化珪素自体と反応し、窒化珪素
ないし焼結助剤単独よりも融点の低い化合物を生
成することにより、これら両者を結合する効果を
有するものである。結合の効果の度合は、焼結助
剤の添加量の大小によつて一次的には左右されう
る。そして、焼結助剤の添加量が多いと、例えば
より低温で焼結が可能になるという効果があるも
のの窒化珪素粒界の低融点化合物の量が増加する
ことにより、窒化珪素焼結体の高温での強度特性
を損う等の欠点を露呈することになる。従つて、
焼結助剤の添加量はなるべく少くして、焼結度合
を損わず、従つて強度を損わないようにするのが
従来からの研究の方針であつた。しかしながら、
たとえ微量とはいえ、焼結助剤なしでは、ホツト
プレス等の特殊な方法によらない限り焼結体を得
ることは不可能と考えられていた。 しかるに、本発明者は、従来からの上記の如き
常識を打破し、焼結助剤なくして、成形し、焼成
する通常の方法により、密度の充分大きな、高強
度、高耐酸化性、高耐熱衝撃性に優れた窒化珪素
焼結体を得ることに成功したもので、本発明は、
比表面積が10m2/g以上であり、かつ、不純物量
がSi以外の金属元素量として0.3重量%以上、2.0
重量%以下である窒化珪素質粉末を焼結助剤を含
有せずに成形後、非酸化性雰囲気下で普通焼結法
により焼成することを特徴とする窒化珪素焼結体
を製造する方法を要旨とするものである。 本発明は、このように焼結助剤を用いずとも高
密度、高強度、高耐酸化性、高耐熱衝撃性に優れ
た窒化珪素焼結体を得るために、窒化珪素に特定
の特性を付与した原料を用いることを特徴とする
ものである。 従来、窒化珪素焼結体の製造に使用されている
原料としての窒化珪素粉末は粉砕して使用されて
いるものでも通常、電子顕微鏡観察による平均粒
径で1.5ミクロン(μ)程度のものであり、比表
面積でみてもせいぜい5m2/g程度のものであ
る。このような従来の粉末では、よく知られた、
2O3、Y2O3などの焼結助剤を加えることによ
りある程度の室温強度は得られるがやはり、焼結
助剤にもとづく低融点化合物に帰因して高温強度
が充分でなく、また、場合によつてはこの低融点
化合物の酸化条件下での劣化により、長期的に
は、高温強度の劣化が避けられないものであつ
た。 本発明において、この原料としての窒化珪素粉
末の粒度は、比表面積で表わして1g当り10m2
上となる状態で使用するものである。このような
比表面積のものは、計算による平均粒径が例え
ば、0.1μ程度になつていればこれを充分満足す
るものとして得ることができるが、勿論、窒化珪
素粉末として粒径がこれらより大きいものが一部
含まれていても差支えない。 ここで、この窒化珪素粉末を10m2/g以上の比
表面積のものとして使う必要のある理由は、これ
より小さい比表面積のものでは目的とする高密度
等の優れた特性が得られないことによる。より望
ましくは13m2/g以上のものを使用することがよ
い。このような比表面積をうる方法は特には限定
されないが、通常市販されている窒化珪素粉末原
料は、前述の如く、微粉のものでも平均1.5μ程
度のものであるため、これを粉砕することが必要
である。この場合、粉砕工程で、原料に最初から
含まれている不純物以上に不純物量が増加しない
ように、例えば、ポツトミルは高純度の窒化珪素
ないしは加熱時に消散するようなゴム、有機物質
でライニングされたものであることが望ましく、
また使用されるボールも高純度窒化珪素からなる
ものが望ましい。 また、本発明の目的からみて、原料中に含まれ
る不純物はできるだけ少いことが必要なのは勿論
であるが、本発明者の研究によれば後述する実施
例からもわかるように不純物量はSi以外の金属元
素量として0.3重量%以上、2.0重量%以下、特に
は0.5重量%以下ならば、本発明の目的とする効
果にあまり悪影響なく使用しうることが分つた。 本発明は、このような原料粉末を常法より所定
形状に成形後、これを焼結せしめることにより容
易にしかも大型成形品であつても、或は複雑形状
の成形品であつても目的とする焼結体として得る
ことができる。 ここで、焼成条件としては、雰囲気は、普通焼
結法において酸化性雰囲気では窒化珪素の酸化が
激しいので、これを防ぐべく窒素ガス、アルゴン
ガスなどの非酸化性雰囲気下が必要である。 また、焼成温度は、1600℃〜1800℃程度が必要
で、これは低すぎると充分な焼結が得られにく
く、また得られるとしても長時間必要となるから
であり、高すぎても窒化珪素が分解し易くなるた
めであり、望ましくは1650〜1750℃程度である。 このような本発明において得られる焼結体の特
性についてのデータは、つぎに示す実施例におい
て詳しく示されているが、一般に本発明によつて
得られる理論密度3.2g/cm3の93%以上の窒化珪
素焼結体は従来の常識では全く考えられないおど
ろくべきものである。 本発明をさらに実施例に従つて詳しく説明す
る。 実施例 市販の平均粒径1.5μの窒化珪素粉末を高純度
窒化珪素でライニングしたポツトミルに高純度窒
化珪素のボールを装填した粉砕機により所定の条
件により粉砕した。この場合、エタノールを用い
る湿式粉砕法によつた。得られた超微粉窒化珪素
の平均粒度と不純物量を第1表に記した。なおNo.
1〜3は比較例である。 次にこれを、金型プレスにより200Kg/cm2で成
形した後、液圧プレスで2000Kg/cm2で5×5×1
cmの成形体を得た。 次に、この成形体を1750℃、1気圧窒素雰囲気
中で5時間焼成した。得られた焼結体の特性を第
1表に併記した。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing a silicon nitride sintered body, particularly a silicon nitride sintered body having high density and high oxidation resistance. Silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) sintered bodies have properties such as excellent heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, high strength, and high corrosion resistance. It is attracting attention as an engineering ceramic material that requires excellent properties, and its uses are being developed widely. However, in order to exhibit these characteristics, silicon nitride needs to be made into a sintered body with low porosity, high density, and high strength.
Generally, sintering is difficult, and the reality is that sufficient sintered bodies cannot be obtained using methods other than hot pressing. On the other hand, hot pressing is difficult to apply only to relatively simple or relatively small shapes, difficult to make a large amount of molded products at once, and high cost due to wear and tear of the dies used. , its scope is limited. On the other hand, as a method for obtaining a sintered body with a low porosity, a normal sintering method is known in which silicon nitride powder to which a sintering reaction aid is added is molded and then sintered. For example, sintering aids include magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (A 2 O 3 ), silica (SiO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ).
are known as typical examples, and have achieved certain effects. The effect of the sintering aid is that it reacts with the silicon oxide film formed on the surface of the silicon nitride grains, or reacts with the silicon nitride itself, producing a compound with a lower melting point than silicon nitride or the sintering aid alone. This has the effect of combining the two. The degree of the bonding effect can be primarily influenced by the amount of the sintering aid added. Although adding a large amount of sintering aid has the effect of enabling sintering at a lower temperature, for example, it increases the amount of low melting point compounds at the silicon nitride grain boundaries, causing the silicon nitride sintered body to deteriorate. This exposes drawbacks such as loss of strength properties at high temperatures. Therefore,
The conventional research policy has been to keep the amount of sintering aid added as small as possible so as not to impair the degree of sintering and therefore the strength. however,
It was thought that it would be impossible to obtain a sintered body without a sintering aid, even if it was in a small amount, unless special methods such as hot pressing were used. However, the inventor of the present invention broke through the conventional common sense as described above, and created a material with sufficiently high density, high strength, high oxidation resistance, and high heat resistance by using the usual method of forming and firing without using a sintering aid. The present invention has succeeded in obtaining a silicon nitride sintered body with excellent impact resistance.
The specific surface area is 10 m 2 /g or more, and the amount of impurities is 0.3% by weight or more as the amount of metal elements other than Si, 2.0
% by weight or less of silicon nitride powder without containing a sintering aid, and then fired by a normal sintering method in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. This is a summary. In order to obtain a silicon nitride sintered body with excellent high density, high strength, high oxidation resistance, and high thermal shock resistance without using a sintering aid, the present invention imparts specific properties to silicon nitride. It is characterized by using the provided raw material. Conventionally, silicon nitride powder as a raw material used in the production of silicon nitride sintered bodies, even if it is crushed, usually has an average particle size of about 1.5 microns (μ) when observed with an electron microscope. The specific surface area is about 5 m 2 /g at most. In such conventional powders, the well-known
Although a certain degree of room temperature strength can be obtained by adding sintering aids such as A 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 , high temperature strength is still insufficient due to the low melting point compound based on the sintering aid. Furthermore, in some cases, deterioration of high-temperature strength was unavoidable in the long term due to deterioration of this low melting point compound under oxidizing conditions. In the present invention, the particle size of the silicon nitride powder used as the raw material is 10 m 2 or more per gram in terms of specific surface area. A product with such a specific surface area can be obtained as long as the calculated average particle size is, for example, about 0.1μ, but of course silicon nitride powder with a particle size larger than this can be obtained. There is no problem even if some items are included. Here, the reason why it is necessary to use this silicon nitride powder with a specific surface area of 10 m 2 /g or more is because the desired excellent properties such as high density cannot be obtained with a specific surface area smaller than this. . It is more desirable to use one with a surface area of 13 m 2 /g or more. The method of obtaining such a specific surface area is not particularly limited, but as mentioned above, commercially available silicon nitride powder raw materials have an average size of about 1.5μ even if they are fine powders, so it is difficult to grind them. is necessary. In this case, in order to prevent the amount of impurities from increasing during the grinding process beyond those originally contained in the raw material, for example, the pot mill is lined with high purity silicon nitride, rubber or organic material that dissipates when heated. It is desirable that the
It is also desirable that the balls used be made of high purity silicon nitride. Furthermore, from the perspective of the purpose of the present invention, it is of course necessary that the impurities contained in the raw material be as small as possible, but according to the research of the present inventor, as can be seen from the examples described later, the amount of impurities other than Si is It has been found that if the amount of metal element is 0.3% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less, particularly 0.5% by weight or less, it can be used without much adverse effect on the desired effect of the present invention. The present invention is capable of easily molding such a raw material powder into a predetermined shape by a conventional method and then sintering it, even if it is a large molded product or a molded product with a complex shape. It can be obtained as a sintered body. Here, as for the firing conditions, since silicon nitride is severely oxidized in an oxidizing atmosphere in a normal sintering method, a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas is required to prevent this. In addition, the firing temperature needs to be about 1600℃ to 1800℃, because if it is too low, it will be difficult to obtain sufficient sintering, and even if it is obtained, it will take a long time, and if it is too high, silicon nitride This is because it becomes easier to decompose, and the temperature is preferably about 1650 to 1750°C. Data regarding the characteristics of the sintered body obtained in the present invention are shown in detail in the following examples, but generally the density is 93% or more of the theoretical density of 3.2 g/cm 3 obtained by the present invention. The silicon nitride sintered body is a surprising product that would be completely unthinkable under conventional wisdom. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to Examples. Example Commercially available silicon nitride powder having an average particle size of 1.5 μm was pulverized under predetermined conditions using a pulverizer equipped with a pot mill lined with high-purity silicon nitride and loaded with high-purity silicon nitride balls. In this case, a wet grinding method using ethanol was used. The average particle size and amount of impurities of the obtained ultrafine silicon nitride powder are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, No.
1 to 3 are comparative examples. Next, this was molded at 200Kg/cm 2 using a mold press, and then 5×5×1 at 2000Kg/cm 2 using a hydraulic press.
A molded body of cm was obtained. Next, this molded body was fired at 1750° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere of 1 atm for 5 hours. The properties of the obtained sintered body are also listed in Table 1. 【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 比表面積が10m2/g以上であり、かつ、不純
物量がSi以外の金属元素量として0.3重量%以
上、2.0重量%以下である窒化珪素質粉末を、焼
結助剤を含有せずに成形後非酸化性雰囲気下で普
通焼結法により焼成することを特徴とする高密
度、高強度かつ高耐酸化性を兼ね備えた窒化珪素
質焼結体の製造法。 2 焼成温度が1700℃以上である特許請求の範囲
第1項記載の窒化珪素質焼結体の製造法。
[Claims] 1. A silicon nitride powder having a specific surface area of 10 m 2 /g or more and an impurity content of 0.3% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less as the amount of metal elements other than Si is sintered. A method for producing a silicon nitride sintered body having high density, high strength and high oxidation resistance, which is characterized in that the sintered body is molded without containing any additives and then fired by a normal sintering method in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. 2. The method for producing a silicon nitride sintered body according to claim 1, wherein the firing temperature is 1700°C or higher.
JP2199179A 1979-02-28 1979-02-28 Manufacture of silicon nitride sintered body Granted JPS55116674A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2199179A JPS55116674A (en) 1979-02-28 1979-02-28 Manufacture of silicon nitride sintered body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2199179A JPS55116674A (en) 1979-02-28 1979-02-28 Manufacture of silicon nitride sintered body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS55116674A JPS55116674A (en) 1980-09-08
JPS6116748B2 true JPS6116748B2 (en) 1986-05-01

Family

ID=12070482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2199179A Granted JPS55116674A (en) 1979-02-28 1979-02-28 Manufacture of silicon nitride sintered body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS55116674A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200019453A (en) * 2018-08-14 2020-02-24 삼성중공업 주식회사 Task management system and method using kiosk hub

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61178470A (en) * 1985-02-04 1986-08-11 イビデン株式会社 Manufacture of high size-precision nitride sintered body andsame sintered body for heat-resistant tools
US4992233A (en) * 1988-07-15 1991-02-12 Corning Incorporated Sintering metal powders into structures without sintering aids

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS523649A (en) * 1975-06-25 1977-01-12 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd Improved method for sealing
US4119689A (en) * 1977-01-03 1978-10-10 General Electric Company Sintering of silicon nitride using Be additive

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200019453A (en) * 2018-08-14 2020-02-24 삼성중공업 주식회사 Task management system and method using kiosk hub

Also Published As

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