JPS6131756B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

Physically soft soap-containing material based on unsaturated feedstocks or containing relatively high amounts of water is hardened by passing the material through shear zone(s) between two mutually displaceable surfaces (1, 2). The material passes between surfaces and through the shear zone(s).

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of processing a soap-containing feedstock into bar-shaped soap products. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Bar soap is required to have a certain hardness that allows it to maintain its physical form during its manufacture, packaging and use. Bar-shaped soaps whose hardness is below a sufficient level may become deformed and leave marks due to post-manufacturing operations. Examples of bar soaps that tend to soften are those that have a high proportion of unsaturated feedstocks, such as tallow, soybean oil, and palm oil, and those that contain relatively high levels of water (about 13% or more). . High water content may be present to provide optimal properties with respect to other components. The present invention cures the soap material by subjecting it to significant processing in an effective manner within a specified temperature range. The temperature range varies depending on the composition. General Description The present invention uses a kind of concave moving mixer to process soap base materials. The device has two closely spaced and relatively displaceable surfaces, each surface having an array of recesses, with the recesses overlapping between the surfaces and moving between the surfaces. The material being applied alternately follows a path through the recesses in each surface, with the majority of the material passing through the shear zone in the material caused by the displacement of the two surfaces. Recessed mobile mixers are usually made of cylindrical shape, and in the apparatus preferred for the method of the invention the recesses are so arranged as to provide an always available, but displacing, road through the apparatus during the relative displacement of the two surfaces. It is located. The device, which has a cylindrical shape, consists of a stator and a rotor journalled inside the stator. Opposing surfaces of the stator and rotor have recesses through which the material passes through the device. The device may also have a planar shape. In that case, opposing flat surfaces with various patterns of recesses are displaced relative to each other. For example, rotation of one plane will result in material introduced between the surfaces at the center of rotation moving outward and passing alternately between the recesses of each surface. Another form of cylindrical shape is one in which the inner cylinder is fixed and the outer cylinder rotates. The central stator can be relatively easily cooled or heated as required since fluid connections can be easily made. The outer rotor can also be cooled or heated in a simple manner. It is also mechanically easier to apply rotational energy to an outer object than to an inner cylinder. Such a device thus has advantages in construction and use. The material is forced through the mixer using external auxiliary equipment as the rotor is rotated. Examples of auxiliary equipment are screw extruders and piston rams. so that the amount of material processed and the work done on it can be varied separately in a given period of time.
It is desirable that the auxiliary equipment be operated separately from the mixer. This separate operation may be accomplished by arranging the auxiliary equipment to feed the workpiece at an angle to the centerline of the shear generating device. This arrangement can supply rotational energy to the shear generator about its centerline. A direct coupling arrangement is more easily achieved if the external part of the device is the rotor. Operating the equipment and auxiliary equipment separately helps regulate processing. Generally, a variety of recess shapes can be used. For example, Metal Box's UK Patent No. 930339 discloses vertical grooves on two surfaces. The stator and rotor have several grooves, for example 6 to 12, at regular intervals around them,
and may extend over their entire length. Preferably, one or both surfaces are temperature conditioned. The method of the present invention effectively heats the material/
Cooling can be achieved. The desired material temperature during processing is approximately 30°C to 55°C.
℃, preferably 50℃ or less. The soap supply may contain non-soap detergents in amounts that do not interfere with its desired effects. Examples of these active substances are alkanesulfonates, alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylsulfates, acylisethionates, olefinsulfonates and ethoxylated alcohols. The processed feed material was shaped into bars using standard stamping machinery. Other manufacturing shapes can also be made from the feed material, such as extruded noodle and bead shapes. Detailed Description of the Apparatus An embodiment of the apparatus is described below. A vertical cross-sectional view of the recessed moving mixer is shown in FIG.
It consists of a hollow cylindrical stator part 1 and a cylindrical rotor part 2 which is journalled with a sliding fit for rotation within the stator, and the rotor and stator each have a number of facing cylindrical surfaces. It has a row of parallel circumferentially extending recesses, and the recesses are arranged as follows. (a) The recesses in adjacent rows on the stator are circumferentially offset. (b) The recesses in adjacent rows on the stator are circumferentially offset. (c) The rows of recesses on the stator and rotor are axially offset. The arrangement pattern of the recesses 3 on the stator and the recesses 4 on the rotor is illustrated in FIG. The recesses 3 on the stator are shown hatched. The overlapping pattern of the recesses 3 and 4 is also shown in FIG. A liquid jacket 1A is provided to adjust the temperature by passing water for heating or cooling. A temperature regulating conduit 2A is provided within the rotor. Material passing through the device travels through alternating recesses in opposing surfaces of the stator and rotor. In FIG. 1, the recess immediately behind the recess shown in the cross-sectional view is shown in dotted lines so that the repeating pattern can be seen. The material flow is divided into a pair of adjacent recesses on the same rotor or stator face because the positions of the recesses on opposing stator or rotor faces overlap. All or most of the material flow is subjected to considerable action as it passes through the shear zones created by the relative displacements of the stator and rotor surfaces. As the material passes through, it is briefly dragged into each recess, thereby causing a change in one of its velocity components. The mixer had a 2.54 cm radius rotor with 36 hemispherical recesses (0.9 cm radius) arranged in 6 rows of 6 recesses. Seven rows of six recesses are provided on the inner surface of the stator to provide overlapping recesses at the entrance and exit. The material to be processed was injected into the apparatus through a groove 5 leading into the annular gap between rotor and stator under the action of a screw extruder. The material exits the device through nozzle 6. Figure 4 shows elongated recesses arranged in a checkerboard pattern. These recesses are also shown in longitudinal section in FIG. These recesses are aligned with their long axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device and the direction of movement of the material through the device. The latter direction is indicated by an arrow. FIG. 5 shows a recess pattern of the same dimensions and spacing as FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. The recesses in FIG. 5 are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, each closely spaced from adjacent recesses on the same surface. This pattern does not provide the high degree of overlap provided by the pattern of FIG. The latter has each recess in close contact with six recesses on the same surface, ie, has a hexagonal pattern. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a recessed mobile mixer having a rotor 7 rotatably positioned in a hollow stator 8 with an effective length of 10.7 cm and a diameter of 2.54 cm. The rotor has five parallel grooves 9 of semicircular (5 mm diameter) cross-section, spaced equally around the circumference of the rotor and parallel to the long axis along the length of the rotor. extending in parallel. The inner cylindrical surface of the stator 8 has eight similarly sized grooves 10 extending along its length and parallel to its longitudinal axis.
This embodiment utilizes recesses that extend uninterruptedly along the length of the stator and rotor. There were jackets and conduits for temperature control. FIG. 7 shows an arrangement of recesses in which the recesses on the rotor (indicated by hatching) and the recesses on the stator have their longer dimensions normal to the flow of material. Material flow is indicated by arrows. In this way, the recess is elongated. Although this embodiment is circular in shape, the recess is not disposed along its length with the longer dimension of the device normal or perpendicular to the flow of material. Gives lower pressure drop. In order to reduce the pressure drop, at least one surface must have an elongated recess with its longer dimension oriented normal to the flow of material. The concave mobile mixer shown in FIG. 8 has an outer cylinder 1 journalled to rotate around a central axis 12.
1. A temperature regulating jacket 13 and conduits are present, but the latter are not shown since the rotor is shown in section while the central axis is shown in plan. Center stator (diameter 52
mm) had three rows of three recesses 14 each and partial or half recesses at the inlet and outlet. There were four rows of three recesses 15 on the rotor. The recesses on the stator and rotor are elongated and have an overall arc dimension of 5.1
cm, which was oriented normal to the material flow, and the ends of the hemispherical cross-section were 1.2 cm in diameter and were joined by panels of semicircular cross-section of the same radius. The recesses were arranged according to the pattern shown in Figure 7.
That is, their longer lengths were in the normal direction to the flow of the material. The rotor was driven by chain transmission to the outer gear 16. Examples Examples of the method of the invention are described below. The recessed moving mixer shown in FIG. 1 was used. The mixer had a rotor with a radius of 2.54 cm and 36 hemispherical recesses (0.9 cm radius) arranged in 6 rows of 6 cavities. The inner surface of the stator had seven rows of six recesses to provide overlap between the inlet and outlet recesses. The temperature used in processing to impart the intended hardening to the feed material depends on the composition used. Example Saponifying tallow, washing and adapting it to 20% moisture
Vacuum dried until dry. The pieces were extruded through the device with the help of a soap prodder. hardness
It was measured with a SUR (Berlin) penetrometer,
At that time, a 9° conical needle was used under a full force of 200 g for 10 seconds. Cooling water was used for the stator and rotor. The results are shown in Table 1. EXAMPLE A soap feed consisting of 76% tallow, 12% coconut oil and 12% soybean oil was prepared at 16.5% moisture. The feed material was processed in the same manner as in the examples and the hardness was measured. EXAMPLE A tallow/coconut oil (80/20) feed was prepared and
Water was added to increase the moisture content to 18% by cold milling. The feed material was processed in the same manner as in the examples and the hardness was measured.

Table: Curing of soap bars was achieved by processing these feedstocks in this manner. Examples ~ These examples include circumferentially arranged diameters
A recessed mobile mixer with a 2.4 cm recess was used. In the part shown in Figure 1, 8
There were seven recesses in the rotor and half recesses at each end. Water cooling was used for the stator and rotor. These formulations, which include feedstocks that are relatively high in moisture and provide physically soft bars of soap, are shown in the table. The results are shown in Table 1. The feedstock oils and fats are shown as a percentage of their oil follicle input.

【table】

【table】 [Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a recessed moving mixer having a cylindrical shape. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows the pattern of the recesses in the device of FIG. Figures 4, 5 and 7 show other patterns of recesses. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a mixer with grooves on opposite surfaces of the device. FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a recessed moving mixer in which the outer cylinder forms a rotor. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Stator, 1A... Jacket, 2... Rotor, 2A... Conduit, 3... Stator recess, 4...
...Rotor recess, 5... Groove, 6... Nozzle, 7
... Rotor, 8 ... Hollow stator, 9 ... Rotor groove, 10 ... Stator groove, 11 ... Outer cylinder, 12 ... Central shaft, 13 ... Jacket, 14
... Recessed part of stator, 15 ... Recessed part of rotor, 16
……gear.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A method for curing detergent materials containing soap, comprising overlapping recesses between the movement of surfaces such that the material moved between the surfaces alternately follows a path through the recesses of each surface. Processing by physically passing a soft soap-containing material between two closely spaced and relatively displaceable surfaces in a shearing device, each having an array pattern of A method as described above, characterized in that the majority of the material is passed through a material shear zone caused by the movement of the surface. 2. A method according to claim 1, in which the two surfaces in the shearing device have a cylindrical shape. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which temperature regulation is applied to at least one surface. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which at least one surface recess extends its longer dimension in the direction normal to the flow of the material. 5 The temperature of the soap-containing formulation during processing is
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature ranges from about 30<0>C to about 55<0>C.