JPS6135037B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Diesel engines have become the main type of marine propulsion engine in order to save fuel. 400rpm for diesel engine
4-cycle engine with a rotational rated speed of about 100rpm
Two-cycle engines exist as large-capacity marine propulsion engines. Conventionally, the rotational speed of marine propellers driven by such diesel engines was around 100 rpm, but recently
It became possible to increase propulsion efficiency by increasing the speed to ultra-low speeds of around 50rpm or 60rpm.

On the other hand, diesel engines have conventionally used the thermal energy of the exhaust gas to drive a steam turbine to provide onboard power during voyages. Currently, the thermal efficiency of diesel engines is 40% to 50%.
50 to 60% of the fuel energy is radiated as waste heat. Of this 50 to 60% heat radiation energy, approximately 38% is due to exhaust air, and approximately 8%
is approximately 4% due to supercharging air and cylinder cooling water.
is emitted by lubricating oil. Effectively utilizing the waste heat of these diesel engines is extremely important in the current energy crisis.

In such a ship propulsion system using a diesel engine, in order to effectively utilize the exhaust heat of the diesel engine and improve the propulsion efficiency of the ship, it is necessary to simplify the device, make it economical, and install it in the ship's engine room. It is an object of the present invention to have a well-balanced arrangement and to organize them compactly and with high reliability.

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention includes two opposing rotors 6 and 7 that rotate relative to each other as shown in the specific electrical schematic diagram of the present invention shown in FIG.
one of the rotors of the electromagnetic coupling 5, which has an armature winding on at least one of the rotors 7, and drives and rotates the other rotor 6 relative to the one rotor 7, A small gear 13 is coupled to a rotor of a rotating electric machine 10 having a stator via a gear device 14, and meshes the gear coupling with a large gear 12 coupled to a load-side rotor 7 of an electromagnetic coupling 5. The rotor of the rotating electrical machine 10 is mechanically coupled to the rotor of the rotating electrical machine 10, and the rotor 7 on the load side of the electromagnetic coupling 5 is also mechanically coupled to the load 2, and the rotation of the other side of the electromagnetic coupling 5 is The children 6 are arranged so as to be driven and rotated by the diesel engine 1, thereby driving the load 2 from the diesel engine 1 through the electromagnetic coupling 5, and the rotary electric machine 10 and the electromagnetic coupling 5 An electrical connection is made between both armature windings of the rotary electric machine 10 so that the load 2 is driven by the electric power received from the electromagnetic coupling 5, and a steam produced by the exhaust heat energy of the diesel engine 1 is added to the rotary electric machine 10. A turbine 19 that is driven to rotate is provided, and an alternating current generator 30 driven by the turbine 19 and the output terminal of the armature winding of the electromagnetic coupling 7 are arranged so as to be electrically connected to each other.

Among the rotors 6 and 7 of the electromagnetic coupling 5, the rotor 7 is provided with an armature winding, and a slip ring 9 is provided for connecting the armature winding to the outside. The electrical connection between the windings is wire 2
Do it in 1. The rotor 7 is connected to the load 2 by the shaft 4, but the armature winding may be provided on the rotor 6, which is connected to the output shaft 3 of the diesel engine 1, instead of the rotor 7. Conceivable. The gear system 14 has a rotor 7 coupled to the load 2 of the electromagnetic coupling 5.
is combined with In FIG. 1, the gear device 14 is a one-stage combination of a large gear 12 and a small gear 13, and when the load 2 is viewed from the output shaft 18 of the rotating electric machine 10, it is reduced in one step. FIG. 3 is an example of a partial connection diagram of the present invention, in which the load 2 is viewed from the output shaft 18 of the rotating electric machine 10.
It becomes a two-stage deceleration. However, in this case as well, the pinion 13
The rotor of the rotating electric machine 10 is mechanically arranged in the rotor, and this mechanical arrangement can be considered as a gear connection by the second gear device 15. In FIG. 3, like the first gear device 14, the second gear device 15 also consists of a small gear 16 and a large gear 17 meshing together. The entire gear device 1 is formed by the combination of the first gear device 14 and the second gear device 15.
1 is created. In the present invention, the electromagnetic coupling 5 has a structure in which the stator of a synchronous generator is used as the second rotor 7, and the first rotor 6 is connected to the diesel engine as shown in FIG. 1, and a field winding is connected to it. provided. A DC excitation current is supplied to the field winding from outside the rotor through a slip ring 8 provided on the rotor 6, but the DC power source is not shown in FIG.
Due to the rotation of the magnetic poles formed in the rotor due to the DC excitation current supply, the rotating magnetic flux cuts the armature winding provided on the second rotor 7, and generates a voltage in the armature winding, similar to a synchronous generator. However, this voltage causes AC power to be sent from the armature winding of the electromagnetic coupling 5 to the rotating electrical machine 10. In this way, the electromagnetic force between the alternating current flowing through the armature winding of the electromagnetic joint and the rotating magnetic flux acts, and torque is transmitted from the first rotor 6 to the second rotor 7. In general, the rotating electrical machine 10 of the present invention may be any type of motor, but synchronous motors and squirrel cage induction motors are preferred motors. If the rotation speed of the load 2 is 60 rpm and the reduction ratio of the gear device 14 is 8, the rotation speed of the rotating electric machine 10 can be set to 480 rpm, so it is considerably smaller than the case of 60 rpm. It is easier to manufacture and cheaper. There is Patent Application Publication No. 37543 of 1972 as a diesel engine plant that does not use the above-mentioned gear device due to the direct mechanical connection between the electromagnetic coupling and the rotating electric machine, but it is difficult to compare the present invention with such a known example. Then, the above-mentioned effects of the present invention can be clearly seen. Further, in the present invention, when an induction machine is used as a rotating electric machine, for example, it is miniaturized, and unlike the above-mentioned known examples, the gap can be shortened, so that excitation loss can be reduced. This not only makes it possible to increase the efficiency, but also makes it possible to increase the starting torque of the rotating electric machine, which in turn has the advantage of increasing the starting torque of the entire device. When the rotating electrical machine 10 is directly mechanically coupled to the load side rotor 7 of the electromagnetic coupling 5 as in Patent Application Publication No. 37543 of 1972, that is,
Compared to the case where the gear device 12-13 is not provided,
When the gear devices 12-13 are interposed between the rotating electrical machine 10 and the rotor 7 and mechanically coupled, the overall efficiency will not deteriorate even if the loss of the gear device is taken into account. In fact, it can be better in some cases. The present invention allows the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 10 to be increased, reducing its size and making it easier to manufacture. In the gear device 11 shown in FIG. 3, a reduction of 30:1 can be obtained by the two-stage reduction, and the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 10 can be made as high as 1800 rpm, and its size can be further reduced.

FIG. 1 shows a turbine 19 that is rotationally driven by steam produced by the exhaust heat energy of the diesel engine 1, and also shows a passage 25 for the steam produced by the exhaust heat energy of the diesel engine 1. Various processes can be considered for producing steam from such waste heat energy. A common method is to use a heat exchanger called an exhaust gas economizer, which absorbs the energy of the exhaust gas from the diesel engine 1 and converts water into steam. It is also possible that energy is also absorbed. The steam that has done work in the turbine 19 then becomes water again in the condenser.
A steam outlet circuit from such a turbine 19 is not shown. In any case, in the present invention, driving energy is applied to the gear system 14 from the turbine 19. An alternator 30 is provided which is driven and rotated by the output shaft 20 of the turbine 19, and an electric wire 31 is connected to the rotating electric machine 10 from the output terminal of the alternator 30. The terminal is electrically connected to the armature winding output terminal of the electromagnetic joint 5.

In FIG. 1, an alternating current generator 30 and a rotating electric machine 10
Although the terminals of the alternator 30 are directly connected to an electric machine by an electric wire 31, in this case, it is also possible to directly supply power from the terminals of the alternator 30 to a power demand load onboard the ship, for example, for lighting. However, when controlling the rotational speed of the diesel engine 1, the frequencies of the electric wires 21 and 31 change, so if it is desired to keep the frequency of the onboard load relatively constant, a frequency converter 24 is used as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to arrange so that the power is connected to the electric wire 21 and power is supplied from the output circuit 23 of the frequency converter 24 to the ship's load.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the electrical output of the alternating current generator 30 can be supplied to the onboard power load while also being supplied to the rotating electrical machine 10. In order to do so, the arrangement is such that power at a constant frequency is directly supplied to the power load from an alternating current generator 30 at a constant rotational speed via an electric wire 32. On the other hand, the rotational speed of the rotating electric machine 10 changes, for example, when changing the rotational speed of the diesel engine 1, and the frequency of the power supplied through the electric wire connected to the rotating electric machine 10 changes each time. Such electric wire 21
A frequency converter 24 is connected between the alternator 30 and the electric wire 21 in order to supply power from the alternator 30 of a constant frequency to the output terminal 9 of the electromagnetic coupling 5.
Even if the power frequency applied to the rotating electrical machine 10 changes, the frequency conversion device 24 can be controlled in response to the change so that power can be supplied from the alternating current generator 30 to the rotating electrical machine 10. An example of this frequency conversion device 24 is shown in FIG.
Looking at the output side 23, it generally consists of a combination of a forward transformer 27 and an inverse transformer 28. In this order, the inverse conversion devices 27 and 28 are preferably composed of thyristors, and the reactor 2 is connected between them.
9 is connected. If the inverse converter forming the frequency converter 24 is of a separately excited type with the connection shown in FIG. 2, its configuration is simple and its operation is stable. In that case, the frequency converter 2
Since the AC voltage on the output side of 4 is established as the AC voltage coming out from the output terminal of the electromagnetic joint 5, the inverter can be separately excited. In Figures 1 and 3,
A power transmission section 26 from the diesel engine 1 to the load 2 is shown.

The operation of the present invention will be explained using the example shown in FIG. That is, as described above, when a DC excitation current is generated in the field winding of the first rotor 6 and a field pole is created, when the first rotor 6 is driven to rotate by the diesel engine 1, the rotation A magnetic pole is formed. The rotating magnetic flux cuts the armature winding provided on the second rotor 7, and generates an alternating current voltage in the armature winding, similar to a synchronous generator. In this case, the armature winding of the electromagnetic coupling 5 is connected to the armature winding of the rotating electrical machine 10 via the slip ring 9 and the electric wire 21. Therefore, AC power is sent from the armature winding of the electromagnetic joint 5 toward the rotating electrical machine 10, and AC flows through the armature winding of the electromagnetic joint 5. An electromagnetic force is generated between the alternating current flowing in the armature winding of the electromagnetic joint 5 and the rotating magnetic flux, and the first rotor 6
When the second rotor 7 is driven to rotate by the electromagnetic force, the rotational torque is transmitted to the second rotor 7 by the electromagnetic force, and the second rotor 7 also rotates in the rotation direction of the first rotor 6. Become. In that case, the rotation speed of the second rotor 7 is lower than the rotation speed of the first rotor 6. This is because only when the rotation speed of the second rotor 7 is lower than that of the first rotor 6, the rotating magnetic flux due to the rotation of the first rotor 6 will cause the armature winding of the second rotor 7 to This is because when the armature winding is turned off, an alternating current voltage is generated in the armature winding, and an alternating current is caused to flow, thereby generating the electromagnetic force. So diesel engine 1
Considering the case where the first rotor 6 is driven to rotate at a rotation speed of n ₀ rpm and the second rotor 7 is driven to rotate at a rotation speed of n ₂ rpm, the first rotor 6 and the second rotor An alternating current voltage having a frequency corresponding to the rotational speed difference n ₀ −n ₂ =n ₁ of 7 is generated in the armature winding of the electromagnetic joint 5. In response to this AC voltage, the rotating electric machine 10 is supplied with AC power from the electromagnetic coupling 5.

In the case of Fig. 1, current flows through the armature winding of the rotor 7, and an electromagnetic coupling effect is established between it and the field poles of the rotor 6, and the rotation speed of the diesel engine 1, which is the prime mover, increases.
Pass shaft 4 directly toward load 2 by n ₂ out of n ₀ ,
Torque is transmitted from the load-side rotor 7 of the electromagnetic coupling 5, and power is supplied from the electromagnetic coupling 5 to the rotating electrical machine 10 for n ₁ minutes. If the rotating electrical machine 10 is now a synchronous motor, the following relationship holds true.

n ₁ = n ₀ − n ₂ …(1) 120=p ₁ n ₁ …(2) n ₂ ×γ=n ₃ …(3) n ₃ p ₂ =120 …(4) Tazushi , is the frequency of the alternating current power in the electric wire 21 of the electrical connection. p ₁ and p ₂ are the numbers of poles of the electromagnetic coupling 5 and the rotating electrical machine 10, respectively, and n ₃ is the rotating electrical machine 10.
The rotational speed of , γ is the reduction ratio of the gear system.

Substituting equation (3) into equation (4) and comparing it with equation (2), we get n ₂ ×
γ × p ₂ = p ₁ n ₁ , n ₁ = n ₂ × γ × p ₂ / p ₁ ... (5) From equations (1) and (5), n ₀ = n ₂ (γ × p ₂ / p ₁ +1) ...(6) When the electromagnetic coupling 5 and both armature windings of the rotating electric machine 10 are connected in reverse phase order using the electrical connection wire 21,
The direction of rotation of the diesel engine 1 and the direction of rotation of the load 2 are opposite to each other, and equation (1) becomes n ₁ = n ₀ + n ₂ , and equation (6) becomes n ₀ = n ₂ (γ×p ₂ / p ₁ −1).

In the example of Figure 1, the rotational speed of diesel engine 1 is
If the rotation speed of load 2 is 100 rpm and 60 rpm,
In the above equation (6), it holds if γ=8, p ₁ =24, and p ₂ =2. That is, when power is transmitted from the low-speed diesel engine 1 to the low-speed load 2, only the electromagnetic coupling 5 is a multi-pole machine, and the rotating electric machine 10 can be easily manufactured as a small-pole machine, making it inexpensive and highly efficient.

In this case, the important thing is that when power is transmitted from the diesel engine 1 to the load propeller 2, providing a mechanical gear in the power transmission mechanism is important because the torque fluctuations of the diesel engine 1 are received by the tooth surface, which improves reliability. Although it is generally considered undesirable, in the present invention, the gear device 14 is attached to the load side shaft 4 of the electromagnetic coupling 5.
is connected, so output shaft 3 of diesel engine 1
Torque fluctuations in are sufficiently absorbed by the electromagnetic coupling 5 and are not transmitted to the gear device 14. As a result, the electromagnetic coupling 5 not only has a speed reduction mechanism, but also serves as a protection device for the gear device 14.

Finally, the features of the effects of the present invention will be explained while comparing the device of the present invention with known devices.

(1) In the well-known patent No. 143223, an electromagnetic coupling is coupled to a diesel engine to drive a propeller of a load, but the electric power extracted from the armature winding of the electromagnetic coupling via a slip ring is used to drive the load. The disadvantage is that a significant portion of the diesel engine's shaft power is not utilized because it is not used.
In the present invention, unlike this patent No. 143223, the electric power taken out from the slip ring of the electromagnetic joint is also used to drive the load, and most of the shaft output of the diesel engine can be used to drive the propeller of the load.

(2) In the well-known Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-37543, a rotor on the load side of an electromagnetic joint combined with a diesel engine and a rotating electric machine having a stator are mechanically coupled so as to be integrated. In contrast, in the present invention, the rotary electric machine is made smaller by using the specially configured gear coupling as described above.
The entire device can be made small and inexpensive, and the starting torque can be increased. Furthermore, the gear system is highly reliable as it is not directly affected by the torque fluctuations of the diesel engine.

(3) Publicly known Patent Application Publication No. 572 of 1972 and 1964
Patent Application Publication No. 12177 of 2007 describes a system that uses exhaust heat energy from a diesel engine, but these known examples do not mention connection with electromagnetic couplings. In the present invention, the armature winding output terminal of the electromagnetic coupling 5 and the rotating electrical machine 1
0 and the alternator 30 driving the turbine 1, the rotating electric machine 10 can absorb power both from the output terminal of the electromagnetic coupling 5 and from the alternator 30. However, when the amount of waste heat energy is small, the output terminal of the electromagnetic coupling 5 can make up for the shortage of electricity supplied from the alternator 30 to the onboard power demand, and the amount of waste heat energy is large. However, if there is a surplus after supplying the onboard power demand, the rotating electric machine 10 can absorb the surplus. In this way, the present invention uses an electromagnetic coupling to use most of the output of the diesel engine to drive the propeller of the load, and also utilizes the exhaust heat energy of the diesel engine and combines this, including the onboard power demand. The aim was to improve the efficiency of ship propulsion, and it was
It is thought that it has fundamentally different effects from those of No. 12177 and Special Publication No. 572.

As can be considered in conjunction with the above (1), (2), and (3), the present invention reduces the rotational speed of the output shaft of the diesel engine in order to increase the propulsion efficiency in a marine propulsion system using a diesel engine. In addition to this, in order to effectively utilize the exhaust heat energy of the diesel engine, we have simplified the equipment and made it more economical, such as arranging the axes of the diesel engine and the load propeller concentrically in the ship's engine room. This allows for a well-balanced arrangement of equipment, facilitates the arrangement of other diesel engine auxiliary equipment, allows for a compact arrangement of the engine room, and allows for a highly reliable arrangement.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an example of a specific connection diagram of the present invention. Second
3 and 4 are partial connection diagrams, respectively. Further, each symbol is indicated in the figure as follows. 1: Diesel engine, 2: Load, 3: Output shaft of diesel engine, 4: Input shaft to load, 5: Electromagnetic coupling, 6: One rotor of the electromagnetic coupling, 7: Other rotor of the electromagnetic coupling, 8: Slip ring, 9: Slip ring, 10: Rotating electric machine, 11: Gear device, 12: Large gear, 13: Small gear, 14: Gear device, 15: Gear device, 16: Small gear, 17: Large gear , 18: Output shaft of rotating electric machine, 19: Turbine, 20: Output shaft of turbine, 21: Electrical connection wire, 22: Input side circuit of frequency converter, 2
3: Output side circuit of frequency converter, 24: Frequency converter, 25: Steam passage, 26: Power transmission device, 27: Forward converter, 28: Inverse converter, 2
9: reactor, 30: alternator, 31: electric wire, 32: circuit to onboard power load.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electromagnetic device that has two rotors that rotate relative to each other, has an armature winding on at least one of the rotors, and drives and rotates one rotor relative to the other rotor. One of the rotors of the joint is coupled to the rotor of a rotating electrical machine with a stator through a gear system, and the gear coupling is meshed with a large gear coupled to the load rotor of the electromagnetic coupling. The rotor of the rotating electric machine is mechanically coupled to the pinion of the electromagnetic coupling, and the rotor on the load side of the electromagnetic coupling is also mechanically coupled to the load, and the other rotor of the electromagnetic coupling is also mechanically coupled to the rotor of the rotary electric machine. The arrangement is such that the diesel engine drives and rotates the load, thereby driving the load from the diesel engine through the electromagnetic coupling, and electrically connects the armature windings of the rotary electric machine and the electromagnetic coupling. The rotary electric machine is connected so that the load is driven by the electric power received from the electromagnetic coupling, and a turbine is provided thereon which is driven and rotated by steam produced from the exhaust heat energy of the diesel engine, and is driven by the turbine. A marine vessel propulsion device using a diesel engine arranged to electrically connect an alternating current generator and an output terminal of the electromagnetic joint armature winding.