JPS6137875B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solid state commutator motor device that supplies power to AC windings from an inverter using a solid state switch circuit.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, there have been motor devices that combine various types of AC motors, such as non-commutator motors, thyristor motors, or inverter-fed induction motors, with solid-state AC power supply devices. These are solid state commuting motors whose commutator is a group of solid state switch elements. In particular, systems that combine synchronous motors or induction motors with current-source type converters are called "non-commutator motors" or "current-source variable frequency inverters" because they can economically perform electric operation and regenerative braking operation. It is well known.

FIGS. 1a and 1b show connection diagrams of a conventional inverter type solid state commutator motor, respectively.
In the figure, P and N are DC input terminals, 4 is a smoothing reactor, 300 is a bridge-connected solid state commutator (inverter), and 100 is an AC winding of an AC motor. Figure 1a is 3-phase type, Figure 1b
shows an example of a 6-phase type, but the AC windings of conventional AC motors are 3-phase or 6-phase, so the solid state commutator 300 is also connected in a 3-phase bridge or a 6-phase bridge. Consists of a solid state switch. The one that is particularly in practical use is 3 in Figure 1 a.
It is a combination of a phase current winding and a three-phase bridge.
However, this AC winding has an internal connection as shown in Fig. 1c, and the winding pairs U, . . .
V, W, are connected in series to form each phase, and although it looks like three phases, it has an internal six-phase structure. Furthermore, the cross-sectional spatial distribution area of the winding conductor is illustrated as shown in Figure 1d, and the conductor distribution area for one phase is set at an electrical angle of π/3 and is U, V, W, .
Equipped with 6 coil groups, U′, V′, W′,
It has a return conductor distribution area indicated by , ′, ′. In this way, the coil pitch of each coil is often set to short knots, but with short pitch winding, the return conductor does not come to a position shifted by an electrical angle π.

After all, the three-phase connection shown in FIG. 1a essentially has a six-phase winding structure for the motor, and requires the same amount of winding effort as the six-phase connection shown in FIG. 1b.

Also, regarding the solid commutator, the first
In figure a, the flow rotates six times in one cycle. FIG. 1b shows one of the positive solid state switches 3ap to 3fp and one of the negative solid state switches 3aN to 3fN, e.g.
Conduction of ap and 3dN is controlled simultaneously. and,
Regarding the AC winding, U, V, and W are all commutated at the same time, and after all, this six-phase connection also has six rotations in one cycle. In the end, the motor characteristics and winding structure are the same in Figures 1a and 1b, and the 6-phase motor does not have the advantage of doubling the number of phases. Such conventional solid state commutator motors have the disadvantage that the number of solid state switches connected in series is small, making it difficult to increase the voltage, and since there are many parallel connections, it is difficult to integrate them.

This invention attempts to solve these conventional drawbacks, and its purpose is to provide a solid-state commutator motor device that is easy to use with a high-voltage power source and in which a solid-state switch circuit is integrated into the motor. It is.

The details of this invention will be explained below based on examples.

FIG. 2a is a connection diagram of an embodiment of the solid state commutator motor device according to the invention. In the figure, 100 is an armature winding of a motor that has a first phase AC winding 101 to a m-th phase AC winding 10 m with each phase winding separated, and 200 is a direct axis field winding 201 and a horizontal field winding 201. The field of the electric motor is composed of an axial field winding (also referred to as a compensation winding) 202. If the armature winding 100 is wound around the stator of the motor, and the field 200 is wound around the rotor, slipping will be reduced and it will be advantageous to make the motor brushless. 50 is the direct axis field winding 2
Direct axis excitation power supply for supplying current to 01, 6
0 is a horizontal axis excitation means for supplying a DC current to the horizontal axis field winding 202 with a current value proportional to the current of the DC input circuit and with reversible polarity. Reference numeral 7 denotes a current detector for supplying this proportional current value, but in addition to this method, it can also be directly inserted in series in the DC input circuit.

Each phase AC winding 101 to 10m has terminals a, to m, separated from each other, and the number of phases m is a polyphase of 3 or more (3, 4, 5, 6, 7... In the above figure, the armature winding 100A has five phases, but as shown in FIG.
It can have seven phases as shown in Figure c, and it can also have an even number of phases.

The solid state commutator circuit 300 includes a number of phase sets of bridge connectors 31a to 31m each consisting of four solid state switches 3ap, 3an, 3p, and 3n. Each bridge connection body 31a~
AC windings 101-10m of each phase are connected to the AC terminals a, -m of 31m, respectively, and the AC terminals are connected in series and connected to the DC input terminals P', N'. A filter reactor 4 and the current detector 7 are connected in series between the DC input terminal P' and the DC input terminal P. For one set of bridge connections, the solid-state switches 3ap and 3n or 3an and 3p are activated simultaneously or are controlled to conduct with a predetermined phase difference. Similarly, other phase groups are sequentially 2π/m
Conduction is controlled with a phase difference of (π/m for even phase numbers). These ignitions are performed by a rotational position detection distributor 400 that operates according to the rotation of the field 200 and a conduction control means 500 that is controlled thereby.

In the case of the simultaneous spark conduction control method, 6 rotations per cycle for 3 phases, 10 times for 5 phases, and 14 rotations for 7 phases.
In the m phase, the flow rotates 2 m. FIG. 3 shows an operating waveform diagram of an example in which a 5-phase armature winding of 100 A is used. In the figure, A indicates the section number, and B to F indicate the first phase current i ₁ to the m-th phase (fifth phase) current _in . The solid waveform line indicates the case where the weight angle U is smaller than π/m. The dotted line indicates the case where the weight angle Ut is larger than π/m, and there is a period in which only one phase is commutated and a period in which the commutation of other phases overlaps. As the weight angle increases, the overlap of multiple phase commutation increases. The larger the weight angle, the smaller the torque pulsation of the motor, but if the commutation is performed as a single phase as in this example, theoretically a weight angle of 180 degrees can be tolerated in a single phase, so increasing the weight angle will reduce the torque pulsation of the motor. This is extremely suitable and effective for reducing torque pulsation.

In the conduction control method that provides a phase difference, a phase difference is provided for conduction control between solid switches on opposite sides of the bridge connection body, and this phase difference is set to π/2m for the m phase.
In this case, the number of commutations per cycle becomes 4m times, which is twice as many. FIG. 4 shows an operating waveform diagram of an example in which a three-phase armature winding 100B is used. In the figure, A is the section number, B to N are the first phase current i ₁ to mth
The phase (third phase) current _in is. In the first phase, if a firing phase difference of δ is provided between the solid state switches 3ap and 3n, and a firing phase difference of δ is provided between the solid state switches 3an and 3p, the winding current once becomes zero. Then, commutation is completed with a phase delay of δ from the preceding firing. With this method, the number of commutations can be doubled, and the torque pulsation of the electric motor can be further reduced. Note that U ₁ and U ₂ are weight angles.

Next, in an example using a 7-phase armature winding of 100C, the distribution area of the conductor distribution cross section of the AC winding is shown in Figure 5a.
It will be explained in. In the figure, the first phase winding 101 has conductor groups buried in the first layer conductor distribution zone A shown in black and in the second layer conductor distribution zone A shown in diagonal lines at an electrical angle of π. A coil or a group of coils is formed as a coil side. The distribution band width per one of these conductor groups is 2π/m in electrical angle. 2nd phase ~ mth phase
The phase (seventh phase) winding also has coil sides distributed in the first layer conductor distribution bands B to G and the second layer conductor distribution band. The coil pitch of each winding is approximately π,
Make it at least π/5 or more. As a result, the second
Generation of even-numbered spatial harmonic magnetic fluxes such as the fourth and sixth orders can be prevented. In this embodiment, the distribution band width per unit is 2π/m, but it can also be set to π/m. In this case, one phase is divided into two sets, which are connected in series or in parallel. In the case of π/m, spatial harmonics can be removed by using twice the number of phases due to the internal winding structure, that is, by using windings with an even number of phases. On the other hand, in the case of 2π/m, this is prevented by making the coil pitch for one phase approximately the electrical angle π, which eliminates the need to double the number of phases in the internal structure, and the internal winding The structure becomes simpler.

A developed view of this AC winding is shown in FIG. 5b. In the figure, the solid line coil side group represents the first layer conductor group, and the dotted line coil side group represents the second layer conductor group, which are respectively buried in the upper or lower layer of the armature slot. If the coil lead X from the solid line side is the current inlet, the coil lead from the dotted line side is the outlet. This enlarged view is shown in the circle on the right side of the figure. Coil leads X of adjacent coils are connected, and pairs of leads separated by an electrical angle of 2π/m (π/m for even phase numbers) are connected to external terminals a, to m, respectively. Further, the electrical angle of 2π is connected in parallel or in series for the number of pole pairs. This will be explained in detail in FIG. 6 below. In addition to the lap winding shown in FIG. 5b, a wave winding method can also be used. In this wave winding method, the outlet of a pair of coils is connected to the inlet of a coil oriented at an electrical angle of 2π, and then connected in series to the coils of other pole pairs.
One phase is formed by rotating the entire circumference by the number of slots for each pole and phase. All phases are formed by rotating the number of slots for each pole pair. The point that each phase winding is separated and led out is the same as the example shown in FIG. 5b. Although FIG. 5b shows one conductor on each coil side, it is possible to have multiple conductors (multiple turns).

In this way, the conductor distribution band width of each phase winding is set to 2π/m.
By increasing the number of slots per pole per phase, the slot ripple is reduced. Also, by setting the pitch of the coil to π/5 or more, spatial harmonics are also reduced. The number of phases on the internal winding structure is equal to the number of phases on the external circuit, simplifying the winding.

Note that the rotor windings 201 and 201 shown in FIG.
202 are a direct axis field winding and a horizontal axis field winding, respectively;
It represents the distribution range of the coil conductor, and for four or more phases, the distribution width θ _F of the direct-axis field winding 201 may be approximately equal to or smaller than that of the horizontal-axis field winding 202. This has the feature that the effective torque generation area becomes wider, and it is easier to downsize the electric motor.

Next, FIG. 6a is a spatial circumferential layout diagram in which the developed view of the AC winding as shown in FIG. 5b is further abbreviated and expressed as a circuit symbol. An example of a motor with 4 pole pairs and a 3-phase armature winding is shown. Each phase winding 10
1 _-1 ~ 10m _-1 ~ 101 _-4 ~ 10m _-4 are circumferentially distributed, and the solid commutator circuits 300a, 300b, 300c, 300 are arranged in accordance with this circumferential distribution.
d is approximately distributed around the circumference. In this example of overlapping winding with a distribution band width of 2π/m per unit, the maximum number of connection blocks (groups or units) between the AC winding and the solid state commutator circuit is the number of pole pairs (four in this example). However, in the case of π/m lap winding, only the number of pole pairs or the number of poles can be provided, and in the case of wave winding, one pole can be provided. The number of blocks can be reduced as appropriate within the above maximum number of blocks. Solid state switches such as thyristors and power transistors can be assembled mechanically in series and electrically in two parallel connections. It is also possible to mechanically connect two in series and in parallel, an example of which is shown in FIG. 6b. The black box in FIG. 6a means that which includes FIG. 6b, and in the electric circuit, it corresponds to one block of the thyristor symbol group (3ap, 3p...) in FIG. 6a. In general, many solid-state switches are flat-plate-shaped, and the conventional switch shown in Figure 1 is connected in parallel, which takes up space, but the series-connected solid-state switches described above can be stacked, so they can be made compact. can. In addition, solid state commutator circuits can be easily arranged in the circumferential distribution of the AC windings and integrated into the electric motor. The series structure in Figure 6b shows a series stack of flat solid state switch elements, but the solid state switch elements may be attached to stacked plates, strips, or block fins with insulating spacers interposed. It is also possible to have a different structure.

Each embodiment has been described above based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 2a, but other embodiments of the rotor 200, such as a field magnet, will be described in FIG. 2a. FIG. 7a shows an example of a rotor used as an induction motor, and is equipped with a cage-shaped conductor 203. At this time, the armature winding 100 becomes the primary stator winding. FIG. 7b shows an example of a rotor of a wound induction motor, with primary windings 204U, 204V, 20
4W, which can be installed in the rotor. The AC winding connected to the solid state commutator circuit 300 becomes a secondary winding (stator).

In addition, if the solid state switches 3ap to 3n do not have self-off capability like thyristors and cannot be commutated by internal electromotive force, the bridge connections 31a to 31m
It is also possible to form a circuit as shown in FIG. 8 and provide forced commutation means such as commutation capacitors 33a and 33b and a series diode 34.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 9a shows the connection diagram of the ladder-type connection body, Figure 9b shows the current flowing through each AC winding and the ON/OFF time chart of each solid state switch, and Figure 9c shows the energization state in each section. . This example is
The solid state switch is not configured as a four-arm bridge connection body, but each phase winding is connected between the series connection points of each arm. The figure shows a three-phase example, and the waveforms of the currents i ₁ , i ₂ , i ₃ flowing through the AC windings 101, 102, 103, respectively, are shown in FIG.
Shown in b and c. D is the section number, E is the basic conduction operation of the solid state switches 3 ₂ ^p , 3 ₂ ⁿ , 3 ₅ ^p , 3 ₅ ⁿ , F is the basic conduction operation of the solid state switches 3 ₆ , 3 ₃ , G is the solid state switch 3 ₁ , 3 _{and 4} basic conduction operations are shown respectively. The circuit state corresponding to the section ~ is shown in Figure 9c, where the black diode symbol (control electrode symbol omitted) indicates the solid state switch that has started conducting in the corresponding section, and the other diode symbol (control electrode symbol is omitted). (omitted) indicates a solid state switch that has been conducting since before the relevant section. This type of connection reduces the number of arms, resulting in lower costs and a smaller size, which is highly effective. The effect will further increase as the number of phases increases. Since the energizing widths of the AC windings in this embodiment and the embodiment in FIG. By increasing the amount of torque, the torque pulsation of the electric motor can be significantly reduced.

In each of the above embodiments, the solid-state switch can use, in addition to a thyristor, a semiconductor composite element such as a transistor, a gate turn-off thyristor, or a combination of these and a diode. Also, the solid switch is the 6th
As in the example shown in FIG. b, the structure and arrangement can be adapted to the winding structure, external appearance, side surface, back surface, top surface, etc. of a motor used as a solid-state commutator circuit. It is most suitable for assembly if such a spatial structure arrangement is provided within the outer frame adjacent to the coil end of the AC winding of the motor.

The solid-state commutator circuit, which consists of a series series of solid-state switches, can be constructed compactly, so it can be installed on the side, back, or top of the motor body, or built into the outer frame, resulting in a simpler structure. This also improves the arrangement of the cooling system and facilitates integration with the electric motor.

As described above, according to the solid state commutator motor device of the present invention, the motor includes m single-phase AC windings each having an m-phase AC winding, and each of the phase windings is separated from each other, and (m+1 A solid state switch circuit consisting of a first series solid state switch group in which (m+1) or more solid state switches are connected in series, and a second series solid state switch group in which (m+1) or more solid state switches are connected in series, and these are connected in parallel. , the main element is composed of a control means that conducts the solid state switches at a predetermined timing according to the rotational position of the rotor of the electric motor, and the sequential connection points of the first series solid state switch group and the second series solid state switch group. The AC windings of each phase are arranged and connected between the sequential series connection points of By integrating the solid state switches in series and stacking them, the input voltage can be increased and the size can be reduced, making it easier to integrate into the motor, making it easier to arrange the cooling system, etc. There is an effect.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1a and 1b are connection diagrams of a conventional solid state commutator motor device, FIGS. 1c and d are winding distribution diagrams thereof, FIG. 2a is a connection diagram of a solid state commutator motor device of the present invention, and FIG. 2b , c are explanatory diagrams of other embodiments of the armature winding, FIGS. 3 and 4 are time charts of the current waveforms, and FIGS. 5 a and b are detailed explanatory diagrams regarding the winding method of the AC winding. Fig. 6a is a spatial circumferential layout diagram, Fig. 6b is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the solid state switch, Figs. FIG. 9a is a connection diagram of the solid state commutator block of another embodiment, FIG. 9b is a time chart thereof, and FIG. 9c is a circuit state diagram of each section. 100...Armature winding, 101-10m...AC winding, 200...Field, 201...Direct axis field winding, 202...Horizontal axis field winding, 300...Solid commutator circuit, 31a to 31m...Bridge connection body, 3ap to 3n...Solid switch, 40
0... Rotational position detection distributor, 500... Continuity control means, 4... Filter reactor, 7... Current detector, 50... Direct axis excitation power supply, 60... Horizontal axis excitation means.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An electric motor having m-phase AC windings and consisting of m single-phase AC windings in which the windings of each phase are separated;
The solid state switch consists of a first series solid state switch group in which (m+1) or more solid state switches are connected in series, and a second series solid state switch group in which (m+1) or more solid state switches are connected in series, and these solid state switches are connected in parallel. The main elements are composed of a circuit and a control means for turning on the solid state switches at a predetermined timing according to the rotational position of the rotor of the electric motor, and the main elements are connected to sequential series connection points of the first series solid state switch group and the second series solid state switch group. The AC windings of each phase are arranged and connected between the successive series connection points of the series solid state switch group, and the solid state switch circuit has a structure in which solid state switches are stacked and arranged in a circumferential distribution of the AC windings. A solid commutator electric motor device characterized by being integrated into an electric motor. 2. The solid state switch circuit consists of a four-arm solid state switch bridge connection body, which has one pair of DC electrodes and one pair of AC electrodes, and m bridge bodies are connected in series with respect to the DC electrodes. 2. The solid state commutator motor device according to claim 1, wherein AC windings of each phase are connected to the AC electrodes. 3. The solid state commutator motor device according to claim 2, wherein the solid state switches on opposite sides of the bridge connection body are controlled to be conductive at different timings. 4. The solid state commutator motor device according to claim 1, wherein the solid state switch circuit is installed within the outer frame of the motor adjacent to the coil end of the AC winding. 5. The solid state commutator motor device according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of connection blocks of m-phase AC windings and solid state switch circuits, which are connected to each other in series or in parallel.